Japanese Population Geographies I: Migration, Urban Areas, and a New Concept (Population Studies of Japan)

This is the first anthology that conveys in detail the actual situation of population geographies in Japan, a country facing some of the world's most serious demographic trends such as low fertility, population aging, and depopulation. The anthology consists of two volumes with the common title Japanese Population Geographies . All of the included entries are based on original Japanese papers written by leading geographers and published within the past few years, useful for understanding Japan’s current population geographies. The first volume analyzes the postwar transition of internal migration, examining the structural changes of population in urban areas, and proposes a new measure different from the traditional resident population. This volume also presents an investigation of the retirement migration of baby boomers as well as displacement migration due to the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. The second volume’s contents examine the residential choicesof minority populations such as foreign residents and sexual minorities. It also discusses future prospects associated with mono-polar concentration into Tokyo, regional forecasting using population projections based on small-area units, and the importance of a politico–economic perspective in the future research. Taken as a whole, this anthology offers the following two significant contributions. First, the excellent achievements obtained in Japan, which is experiencing serious demographic trends, reflect key developments within the context of the world's population geography. The second contribution is that the book brings the latest insights and important policy implications to countries that are facing various issues associated with decreasing fertility, aging population, and declining population. Preface Contents 1 Internal Migration in the Post-Demographic Transition Period 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Characteristics and Causes of Internal Migration in Post-War Japan 1.3 Analysis Based on Migration Effectiveness Index and Migration Preference Index 1.4 Analysis Based on Cohort Cumulative Social Increase Ratio (CoCSIR) 1.5 Conclusion Notes References 2 Internal Retirement Migration in Japan Revisited 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Methodology 2.3 Examination of Migration Rates by Prefecture 2.4 Examination of Migration Rates by Municipality 2.5 Results of Interview Surveys in 12 Municipalities 2.6 Conclusion References 3 Characteristics of Residential Mobility After the Great East Japan Earthquake: Focusing on Affected Prefectures of the Tohoku Region, Japan 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Demographic Changes Due to the Earthquake 3.2.1 Population Change by Prefecture in the Tohoku Region 3.2.2 Impact of the Earthquake on Demographics 3.3 Characteristics of Residential Mobility in Affected Prefectures 3.3.1 Residential Mobility in Aomori Prefecture 3.3.2 Residential Mobility in Iwate Prefecture 3.3.3 Residential Mobility in Miyagi Prefecture 3.3.4 Residential Mobility in Fukushima Prefecture 3.4 Changes in Population Distribution 3.4.1 Population Distribution of Coastal Municipalities in Iwate Prefecture 3.4.2 Population Distribution of Coastal Municipalities in Miyagi Prefecture 3.4.3 Population Distribution of Coastal Municipalities in Fukushima Prefecture 3.5 Categorization of Residential Mobility in Affected Areas 3.5.1 New Built-Up Area Response Type 3.5.2 Self-exploration Type 3.5.3 Evacuation Type 3.5.4 Composite Type 3.6 Conclusion Notes References 4 Spatial-Cycle Model Phases and Differential Urbanization of Cities in the Era of National Population Decline: Japanese Cities 1980–2015 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Research Method 4.2.1 Spatial Unit of Analysis 4.2.2 Application of Spatial-Cycle Model 4.3 Results 4.3.1 Results of Applying Spatial-Cycle Model 4.4 Discussion 4.4.1 Sequential Nature of the Spatial-Cycle Model 4.4.2 Discussion on Centralization of Urban Structures 4.4.3 Differences in Urban Structural Transition Processes by City Size 4.5 Conclusion Notes References 5 Significance and Possibilities of the New Concept of “Relationship Population” in Japan’s Population Decline Society 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Emergence and Concept of Relationship Population 5.2.1 Emergence of the Relationship Population Concept 5.2.2 Diversity in the Concept of Relationship Population 5.3 Relationship Population from the Perspective of the Complementary Function for Residential Population 5.3.1 Limitations of Maintaining Residential Population in a Society with a Declining Population 5.3.2 Relationship Population to Complement the Required Population for Community Maintenance 5.4 New Urban-Rural Relationships from the Perspective of Relationship Population 5.4.1 Significance of the Existence of Rural Areas from the Perspective of Urban Areas and Their Relationship 5.4.2 Diverse Urban-Rural Relationships 5.4.3 Policies Relevant to Relationship Population Aimed at Building New Urban-Rural Relationships 5.5 Significance of Relationship Population in Bringing About Local Innovation 5.5.1 Relationship Between Exchange Population and Relationship Population 5.5.2 Significance of Local Innovation and the Role of Relationship Population 5.6 Conclusion Notes References