Japan and Asia’s Contested Order : The Interplay of Security, Economics, and Identity

This book brings together up-to-date research from prominent international scholars in a collaborative exploration of the Japan's efforts to shape Asia's rapidly shifting regional order. Pulled between an increasingly inward-looking America whose security support remains critical and a rising and more militarily assertive China with whom Japan retains deep economic interdependence, Japanese leaders are consistently maneuvering to ensure the country's regional interests. Nuclear and missile threats from North Korea and historically problematic relations with South Korea further complicate Japanese endeavors. So too do the shifting winds of Japanese domestic politics, economics and identity. The authors weave these complex threads together to offer a nuanced portrait of both Japan and the region. Scholars, observers of politics, and policymakers will find this a timely and useful collection. T.J. Pempel, with a Ph. D. from Columbia University, is Jack M. Forcey Professor of Political Science in U.C. Berkeley's Department of Political Science which he joined in July 2001. He served as director of the Institute of East Asian Studies from 2002 until 2006. Yul Sohn, with a Ph. D. from the University of Chicago in Political Science, is Professor of International Studies in Yonsei University's Graduate School of International Studies. He is also President of the East Asia Institute, a premier foreign policy think-tank in South Korea.-- Provided by publisher Acknowledgments 6 Contents 7 List of Figures 10 Part I: Regional Order(s) and East Asia 11 Chapter 1: Introduction 12 Restoring Agency to Japan 14 The Economic-Security-Identity Nexus 15 Japan’s Resurgence and Asia’s Contested Order 18 Trump and Regional Order 22 Bibliography 23 Chapter 2: Conceptualizing the Economic-Security-Identity Nexus in East Asia’s Regional Order 25 The Notion of “Regional Order” 26 The Economic-Security-Identity Nexus and Regional Order 29 Theory I: The “Virtuous Cycle” 30 Theory II: The “Vicious Circle” 32 Practice I: “Parallel Realities” 35 Practice II: “Balance of Effect” 39 Conclusion 42 Bibliography 43 Chapter 3: Post-Cold War Order in the Asia-Pacific: Equilibrium and Its Challenges 46 Three Structuring Principles of East Asia’s Post-Cold War Order 49 Beyond Security Bipolarity 52 Deepening Economic and Financial Interdependence 54 Deepening Regional Institutionalization 58 Conclusion 65 Bibliography 66 Part II: Shapers of the Regional Order 70 Chapter 4: To Dream an Impossible Dream: China’s Visions of Regional Order and the Implications for Japan 71 Introduction 71 China’s Visions of Regional Order: The Economic-Security-Identity Nexus 73 Prospect and Limitations of a Sino-Centered Order 79 China, Japan, and Regional Order 82 Conclusion 86 Bibliography 87 Chapter 5: Spying, Subversion, and Great Power Identity Conflict Between the United States and China 91 Fears of Subversion from Korea to Tiananmen 93 Threat/Opportunity 95 From 9/11 to the Pivot 104 Policeman, Lawyer, Contractor, Spy 106 Tale of Two Nationalisms 109 Bibliography 111 Chapter 6: North Korean Identity as a Challenge to East Asia’s Regional Order 114 Introduction 114 North Korean Challenges to Regional Order 117 North Korean Identity in Existing Scholarship 121 North Korean Identity According to the Regime 126 North Korean Identity as Perceived in the Region 134 Conclusion: North Korean Identity and Regional Integration 140 Bibliography 142 Part III: Domestic Japanese Debates Over Its Role in the New Order 150 Chapter 7: One-Hand Clapping: Japanese Nationalism in the Abe Era 151 National Identity and Security 152 Abenigma 156 Normal Nation 157 Shedding Constraints 159 The History Problem and UNESCO Follies 163 Conclusion 165 Bibliography 165 Chapter 8: Confronting History and Security Through Territorial Claims 168 Introduction 168 The State of Play 169 At Stake 170 Conclusion 178 Bibliography 178 Chapter 9: Japan’s Security Policy and East Asia 180 Introduction 180 Opposing Views on Abe’s Security Agenda 181 The Yoshida Doctrine and Beyond 183 Abe’s Security Strategy 184 Incrementalism in Japan’s Security Policy 186 Conclusion 188 Bibliography 192 Part IV: Japan as an Agent in the Emerging Regional Order 194 Chapter 10: Japan: Working to Shape the Regional Order 195 Security and Economic Overlap in the Bipolar Order 200 A Region Uniting Through Economics and Institutions 203 Japan in Today’s More Fluid and Contentious Regional Order 209 Conclusion 216 Appendix 218 Japan’s Trade with Major Partners 219 Japan Top Trade Partners 220 Bibliography 220 Chapter 11: Japan-China Relations and the Changing East Asian Regional Order 223 Changing Japan-China Relations 224 The US Factor in Japan-China Relations 229 Back to Japan-China Relations 236 Bibliography 238 Chapter 12: Japan and the Identity Politics of East Asian Maritime Disputes 240 Emerging Risks at Sea 240 Enduring Territorial Nationalism 243 Hegemonic Competition Between the United States and China 245 The Resurgence of Japanese Sea Power 248 The Action-Reaction Cycle Between Japan and China 251 What Lies Ahead? 255 Bibliography 257 Chapter 13: Japan and South Korea: The Identity-Security-Economy Nexus in a Turbulent Relationship 261 Abe Shinzo Effect on Bilateral Ties 264 Security Trilateralism and American Pressure 268 Domestic Pressure 272 Conclusion 275 Bibliography 276 Chapter 14: Japan and Northeast Asian Regionalism: Overcoming Political Animosity for Economic Integration 278 Introduction 278 Regional Identity and the Concept of “Region” 280 Complexity in Trilateralism 282 Gradual and Informal Approach to Integration 285 Cautious Acclimation of the Northeast Asian Regional Concept 287 Investment Treaty Versus Free Trade Agreement 289 Japan and Northeast Asian Integration 294 China, Japan and Korea’s Stance on TPP 296 Conclusion 298 Bibliography 299 Chapter 15: Conclusion 301 Key Challenges to Today’s Regional Order 302 Japan in the Emerging Regional Order 306 Going Forward 309 Bibliography 312 Index 314 Front Matter ....Pages i-xi Front Matter ....Pages 1-1 Introduction (Yul Sohn)....Pages 3-15 Conceptualizing the Economic-Security-Identity Nexus in East Asia’s Regional Order (Evelyn Goh)....Pages 17-37 Post-Cold War Order in the Asia-Pacific: Equilibrium and Its Challenges (T. J. Pempel)....Pages 39-62 Front Matter ....Pages 63-63 To Dream an Impossible Dream: China’s Visions of Regional Order and the Implications for Japan (Xiaoyu Pu)....Pages 65-84 Spying, Subversion, and Great Power Identity Conflict Between the United States and China (John Delury)....Pages 85-107 North Korean Identity as a Challenge to East Asia’s Regional Order (Leif-Eric Easley)....Pages 109-144 Front Matter ....Pages 145-145 One-Hand Clapping: Japanese Nationalism in the Abe Era (Jeff Kingston)....Pages 147-163 Confronting History and Security Through Territorial Claims (Alexis Dudden)....Pages 165-176 Japan’s Security Policy and East Asia (Yuichi Hosoya)....Pages 177-190 Front Matter ....Pages 191-191 Japan: Working to Shape the Regional Order (T. J. Pempel)....Pages 193-220 Japan-China Relations and the Changing East Asian Regional Order (Ming Wan)....Pages 221-237 Japan and the Identity Politics of East Asian Maritime Disputes (Min Gyo Koo)....Pages 239-259 Japan and South Korea: The Identity-Security-Economy Nexus in a Turbulent Relationship (Yul Sohn)....Pages 261-277 Japan and Northeast Asian Regionalism: Overcoming Political Animosity for Economic Integration (Takashi Terada)....Pages 279-301 Conclusion (T. J. Pempel)....Pages 303-315 Back Matter ....Pages 317-335 This book brings together up-to-date research from prominent international scholars in a collaborative exploration of the Japan's efforts to shape Asia's rapidly shifting regional order. Pulled between an increasingly inward-looking America whose security support remains critical and a rising and more militarily assertive China with whom Japan retains deep economic interdependence, Japanese leaders are consistently maneuvering to ensure the country's regional interests. Nuclear and missile threats from North Korea and historically problematic relations with South Korea further complicate Japanese endeavors. So too do the shifting winds of Japanese domestic politics, economics and identity. The authors weave these complex threads together to offer a nuanced portrait of both Japan and the region. Scholars, observers of politics, and policymakers will find this a timely and useful collection. T. J. Pempel, with a Ph.D. from Columbia University, is Jack M. Forcey Professor of Political Science in U.C. Berkeley's Department of Political Science which he joined in July 2001. He served as director of the Institute of East Asian Studies from 2002 until 2006. Yul Sohn, with a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in Political Science, is Professor of International Studies in Yonsei University's Graduate School of International Studies. He is also President of the East Asia Institute, a premier foreign policy think-tank in South Korea