ITS Sensors and Architectures for Traffic Management and Connected Vehicles

An intelligent transportation system (ITS) offers considerable opportunities for increasing the safety, efficiency, and predictability of traffic flow and reducing vehicle emissions. Sensors (or detectors) enable the effective gathering of arterial and controlled-access highway information in support of automatic incident detection, active transportation and demand management, traffic-adaptive signal control, and ramp and freeway metering and dispatching of emergency response providers. As traffic flow sensors are integrated with big data sources such as connected and cooperative vehicles, and cell phones and other Bluetooth-enabled devices, more accurate and timely traffic flow information can be obtained. The book examines the roles of traffic management centers that serve cities, counties, and other regions, and the collocation issues that ensue when multiple agencies share the same space. It describes sensor applications and data requirements for several ITS strategies; sensor technologies; sensor installation, initialization, and field-testing procedures; and alternate sources of traffic flow data. The book addresses concerns related to the introduction of automated and connected vehicles, and the benefits that systems engineering and national ITS architectures in the US, Europe, Japan, and elsewhere bring to ITS.". Sensor and data fusion benefits to traffic management are described, while the Bayesian and Dempster–Shafer approaches to data fusion are discussed in more detail. __ITS Sensors and Architectures for Traffic Management and Connected Vehicles__ suits the needs of personnel in transportation institutes and highway agencies, and students in undergraduate or graduate transportation engineering courses. Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Author -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Sensor applications to traffic management -- 1.2 Street types and functions -- 1.3 Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices -- 1.4 Chapter summary -- References -- 2. Freeway traffic management centers -- 2.1 TMC benefits -- 2.2 Freeway TMC operational models, jurisdictions, and roles -- 2.2.1 Operational and business model -- 2.2.2 Urban area focus -- 2.2.3 Urban area and statewide focus -- 2.2.4 Multiregion or multistate focus -- 2.3 Collocation considerations -- 2.3.1 Concept of operations for collocation -- 2.3.2 Collocated center examples from the United States -- 2.3.2.1 Austin Combined Transportation, Emergency and Communications Center -- 2.3.2.2 Virginia Public Safety and Transportation Operations Center -- 2.3.2.3 Utah Department of Transportation and Utah Highway Patrol Joint Center -- 2.3.2.4 Freeway and Arterial System of Transportation Traffic Management Center -- 2.3.2.5 Minneapolis-St. Paul Regional Transportation Management Center -- 2.3.2.6 Arizona Department of Transportation Traffic Operations Center -- 2.4 Work stations and video display walls -- 2.5 Physical and virtual attributes of a TMC -- 2.5.1 Physical attributes -- 2.5.2 Virtual attributes -- 2.6 Freeway management center systems and software -- 2.6.1 Operating systems -- 2.6.2 Software applications and interfaces -- 2.6.3 Connected vehicle impacts -- 2.7 Role of TMCs in supporting emergency management -- 2.7.1 Role of Transportation Management Centers in Emergency Operations Guidebook -- 2.7.2 Information-Sharing Guidebook for Transportation Management Centers, Emergency Operations Centers, and Fusion Centers -- 2.8 Future trends for TMCs -- 2.9 Summary -- References -- 3. Sensor applications to ITS Intelligent transportation systems, supported by data-gathering sensors and vehicle communications, increase safety, efficiency, predictability of traffic flow and potentially air quality. This book addresses the impact of automated and connected vehicles, systems engineering, and national ITS architectures in the US, Europe, Japan, and elsewhere.