ISTANBUL APPEARANCES : beauty and the making of middle-class femininities in urban turkey

In the twenty-first century, the consumption of beauty services and cosmetic surgery in Turkey has developed from an elite phenomenon to an increasingly common practice, especially among younger and middle-aged women. Turkey now ranks among the top countries worldwide with the highest number of cosmetic procedures, and with its cultural and economic capital, Istanbul has become a regional center for the beauty and fashion industries. Istanbul Appearances illustrates the profound effects of this growing market on urban residents' body images, gendered norms, and practices. Drawing upon extensive fieldwork carried out in beauty salons and clinics in different parts of the city, Liebelt explores how standards of femininity and female desire have shifted since the consolidation of power and authoritarian rule of the conservative, Islamic Justice and Development Party. Arguing that the politics of beauty are intricately bound up with the politics of race, class, gender, and sexuality, Liebelt shows that female bodies have become a major site for the negotiation of citizenship. It is in the numerous beauty salons and clinics that heteronormative ideals and images of gendered bodies become real, embodied in a complex array of emotional desires of who and what is considered not only beautiful but also morally proper. "Using ethnographic fieldwork carried out in beauty salons and clinics in different parts of Istanbul between 2011 and 2015, the manuscript argues that the study of embodied beauty offers unique insights into the gender dynamics and the politics of social and political reproduction amidst the recent conservative-authoritarian turn in Turkey"-- Provided by publisher Turkey ranks among the top countries worldwide with the highest number of cosmetic procedures, and with its cultural and economic capital, Istanbul has become a regional centre for the beauty and fashion industries. This book shows the profound effects of this growing market on urban residents' body images, gendered norms, and practices.