Islamic Alternatives: Non-Mainstream Religion in Persianate Societies: 16 (Gottinger Orientforschungen, III. Reihe: Iranica)

Islamic Alternatives are the proceedings of a symposium which was held in April 2014 within the framework of a research project entitled The Khaksar Order between Ahl-e Haqq and Shiite Sufi Order, funded by the German Research Foundation. The tradition and belief system of the Khaksar is closely connected to several cultural and religious traditions across a vast geographical area in the Orient: the territory of Persianate societies, which might also be called 'the territory of wandering dervishes'. The extensive historical and cultural relations and associations, the similarities between the Khaksar Order and the Futuwwa tradition or religious communities (such as the Ahl-e Haqq (Yarsan) and Bektashi order in different geographical territories), the relationship between this order and Dervish groups in Pakistan and Central Asia on the one hand and its connection with the official orthodox Shia on the other hand are the main topics dealt with in the present book. The commonalities and cultural relations of these numerous and diverse cultural traditions as well as the heterodox movements in this region are so substantial that understanding the related aspects of each helps us gain a deeper knowledge of the whole subject matter. This symposium and the present proceedings attempt to gather as many specialists of these diverse but associated themes as possible in order to achieve a better understanding of these concepts. Cover 1 Title Page 4 Copyright 5 Table of Contents 6 Body 18 List of Plates 8 Preface 12 Early Shiʿism and Futuwwa 16 Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi (Paris): New Remarks on Secrecy and Concealment in Early Imāmī Shiʿism: the Case of khatm al -nubuwwa – Aspects of Twelver Shiʿi Imamology XII 18 Mohsen Zakeri (Göttingen): From Futuwwa to Mystic Political Thought – The Caliph al-Nāṣir li-Dīn Allāh and Abū Ḥafṣ Suhrawardī’s Theory of Government 44 Ahl-e Ḥaqq (Yāresān) 68 Philip G. Kreyenbroek (Göttingen): Some Remarks on the Early History of the Ahl-e Ḥaqq 70 Martin van Bruinessen (Utrecht): Between Dersim and Dālahū – Reflections on Kurdish Alevism and the Ahl-e Ḥaqq Religion 80 Yiannis Kanakis (Exeter): Yāresān Religious Concepts and Ritual Repertoires as Elements of Larger Net-works of Socio-Political ‘Heterodoxy’ – Some Thoughts on Yāresān, Shiite and Qizilbash/Bektashi Sources and Symbolism 110 Cultural Anthropological Analysis 122 Jürgen Wasim Frembgen (Munich): Beyond Muslim and Hindu – Sacred Spaces in the Thar Desert of Pakistan 124 Alexandre Papas (Paris): Dog of God: Animality and Wildness among Dervishes 136 Thierry Zarcone (Paris): Sacred Stones in Qalandariyya and Bektashism 154 Khāksār 174 Mehran Afshari (Tehran): Quṭb al-Dīn Ḥaydar-e Tūnī and his Connection to the Ḥaydariyya and Khāksāriyya 176 Shahrokh Raei (Göttingen): Some Recent Issues and Challenges in the Khāksār Order 182 Folk Sufism 196 Razia Sultanova (Cambridge): Female Folk Sufism in the Central Asian Space-Time Continuum 198 Index 218 Plates 15