Invertebrate Neural Networks : Special Topic Issue: Neurosignals 2004, Vol. 13, No. 1-2

Human intelligence has evolved from ancestral invertebrate neural systems. Present-day invertebrates hold neural circuitries in various degrees of complexity, an understanding of which may help us to decipher the basis of our own systems. This special issue contains six reviews covering various lineages of invertebrates gathered here to offer the specialist and non-specialist inspiring insights into a wide spectrum of invertebrate systems with enormous potentials in the post-genomic era. Scientists involved in the frontiers of neuroscience research will find this publication useful reading as it summarizes lessons from the invertebrate models on primary topics like control of complex behaviour, synaptic plasticity, and network guidance and formation. Contents......Page 4 Editorial......Page 5 Introduction......Page 6 Slow Swimming......Page 9 Extrinsic Factors Affecting the Output of the Slow Swimming Pacemakers......Page 10 Directionality of Slow Swimming......Page 11 Escape Swimming......Page 12 Tentacle Contractions Accompanying Slow Swimming......Page 14 Piggyback Interactions......Page 15 Pathways Mediating Feeding Behavior......Page 16 Evolution of Escape Circuitry......Page 17 Aglantha as a 'Model'......Page 18 References......Page 19 Introduction......Page 21 The Insect Stomatogastric Nervous System: Gross Anatomy and Development......Page 22 Physiological Role of the Insect Stomatogastric Nervous System and Frontal Ganglion......Page 23 The Role of the Frontal Ganglion in the Control of Molt-Related Behavior......Page 25 Stomatogastric Neural Circuits......Page 27 Neuromodulation of the Frontal Ganglion Central Pattern Generator......Page 29 The Insect Stomatogastric Nervous System and Frontal Ganglion as a Source of Neurosecretion......Page 32 Concluding Remarks......Page 33 References......Page 34 Introduction......Page 38 Checkpoint Decision at the CNS Midline......Page 39 CNS Fascicles......Page 40 Branching......Page 41 Axon Branching......Page 42 Dendritic Branching......Page 43 Photoreceptors......Page 45 Future Directions......Page 46 Acknowledgements......Page 47 References......Page 48 Introduction......Page 51 Overview......Page 52 Multifunctional Networks with Flexible Boundaries......Page 54 Mechanisms Supporting Motor Pattern Generation and Pattern Flexibility......Page 56 Peripheral Integration via Sensory Feedback......Page 57 The Ventilatory CPG Is Composed of Interneurons and Motor Neurons......Page 58 Starting,Stopping,and Changing the Frequency of Ventilatory Rhythms......Page 60 Ventilatory Rhythms Maintain Phase as Their Cycle Frequency Changes......Page 61 Network Synaptic Connectivity......Page 62 Active Neuron Properties Underlie the in vitro Rhythm......Page 64 Cellular Basis of Pattern Generation within a Single Segment......Page 65 Proprioceptive Feedback......Page 66 References......Page 67 Introduction......Page 71 Feeding Behaviors Most Extensively Studied at the Circuit Level......Page 72 Circuitry for Ingestive Radula Movements: Biting......Page 73 Generation of Radula Protraction and Retraction......Page 75 Connectivity in the Opening/Closing Circuitry......Page 80 Sensory Feedback to the Feeding Central Pattern Generator: The Bite to Bite-Swallow Transformation......Page 82 Without the Cerebral Ganglion (e.g. Stimulation of the Esophageal Nerve)......Page 83 Concluding Remarks......Page 84 References......Page 85 Introduction......Page 88 The Giant Fiber Network......Page 89 The Chromatophore System Control Network......Page 90 The Statocyst Network......Page 91 Synaptic Interaction between Mechanosensory Hair Cells......Page 92 Central and Efferent Projection of the Statocyst Nerves......Page 93 Synaptic Interactions within the Visual System of Cephalopods......Page 94 Networks Involved in Learning and Memory......Page 95 The Tactile Memory System......Page 96 References......Page 97