Invasive Plant Species of the World : a Reference Guide to Environmental Weeds

Invasive plant species cause severe disruption to both natural and managed ecosystems, and with range expansions and increasing international trade these problems are only becoming more serious. Globally relevant, this book is a full-color reference guide to the major invasive plants. It includes fifty extra species since the first edition, covering a total of over 500 economically and environmentally important plants. This book provides a complete resource on the subject, supplying illustrations, synonyms, geographical distribution, habitats invaded, morphology, ecology and references for each species. With revised and updated species ranges presented as full color maps, this new edition includes newly established or improved control methods for each species. It also contains increased ecology and impact information, making this book an invaluable source of information for researchers in plant ecology, nature conservation, biological control, weed science and environmental management. Also an informative read for policy makers and practitioners, this book will additionally be a useful resource for developmental organizations and public health services concerned with invasive plants. Cover Invasive Plant Species of the World Copyright Contents Introduction Invasive Alien Species: Definition Sources of Information and Selection of Species Internet links Field guides and weed books on invasive plants Organization of the Book Changes to the First Edition Acknowledgements Abrus precatorius L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Acacia baileyana F. Muell. Invaded Habitats Ecology and Impacts Control Acacia cyclops A. Cunn. ex G. Don Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Ecology and Impacts Control Acacia longifolia (Andrews) Willd. Description Ecology and Impacts Control Acacia mangium Willd. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Acacia mearnsii De Wild. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Acacia pycnantha Benth. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Acacia saligna (Labill.) H.L. Wendl. Invaded Habitats Ecology and Impacts Control Acer negundo L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Acer platanoides L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Acer pseudoplatanus L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Adenanthera pavonina L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Aegilops triuncialis L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Agapanthus praecox subsp. orientalis F.M. Leight. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Agave americana L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Agave sisalana Perrine Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M. King & H. Rob. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Ageratina riparia (Regel) R.M. King & H. Rob. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Agrostis capillaris L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Agrostis stolonifera L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle Invaded Habitats Description Control Aira caryophyllea L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Akebia quinata (Thunb. ex Houtt.) Decne. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Albizia julibrissin Durazz. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande Invaded Habitats Ecology and Impacts Control Allium triquetrum L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Alstroemeria aurea Graham Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Alternanthera pungens Kunth Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Amelanchier spicata (Lam.) K. Koch Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Amorpha fruticosa L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Ampelopsis glandulosa (Wall.) Momiy. var. brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Momiy. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Andropogon gayanus Kunth Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Andropogon virginicus L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Angiopteris evecta (G. Forst.) Hoffm. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Annona glabra L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Anthoxanthum odoratum L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Control Control Aponogeton distachyos L. f. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Araujia sericifera Brot. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Arctotheca calendula (L.) Levyns Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Ardisia crenata Sims Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Ardisia elliptica Thunb. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Argemone ochroleuca Sweet Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Aristea ecklonii Baker Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J. Presl & C. Presl Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Arundo donax L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Asparagus asparagoides (L.) Druce Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Asparagus officinalis L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Asphodelus fistulosus L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Atriplex semibaccata R. Br. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Avena fatua L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Azolla filiculoides Lam. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Baccharis halimifolia L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Bauhinia variegata L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Berberis aquifolium Pursh Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Berberis darwinii Hook. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Berberis thunbergii DC. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Bidens pilosa L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Bischofia javanica Blume Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Brassica tournefortii Gouan Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Briza maxima L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Bromus inermis Leyss. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Bromus rubens L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Bromus tectorum L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Buddleja davidii Franch. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Butomus umbellatus L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Calophyllum antillanum Britton Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cardiospermum grandiflorum Sw. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Carduus acanthoides L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Carduus nutans L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Carduus pycnocephalus L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Carex kobomugi Ohwi Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N.E. Br. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Carrichtera annua (L.) DC. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Casuarina equisetifolia L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Casuarina glauca Sieber ex Spreng. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagnep. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cecropia peltata L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cedrela odorata L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Celtis sinensis Pers. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Centaurea calcitrapa L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Centaurea diffusa Lam. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Centaurea melitensis L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Centaurea solstitialis L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Centaurea stoebe subsp. micranthos L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Ceratophyllum demersum L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cestrum diurnum L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cestrum laevigatum Schltdl. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Chamaecytisus prolifer (L. f.) Link Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Chasmanthe floribunda (Salisb.) N.E. Br. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Chenopodium album L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Chloris virgata Sw. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.) Norl. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cinchona pubescens Vahl Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cinnamomum verum J. Presl Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Citharexylum spinosum L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Clematis vitalba L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Colubrina asiatica (L.) Brongn. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Conicosia pugioniformis (L.) N.E. Br. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Conium maculatum L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Coprosma repens A. Rich. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cortaderia jubata (Lemoine ex Carrière) Stapf Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cortaderia selloana (Schult. & Schult. f.) Asch. & Graebn. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cotoneaster divaricatus Rehder & E.H. Wilson Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cotoneaster glaucophyllus Franch. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cotoneaster pannosus Franch. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cotula coronopifolia L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cotyledon orbiculata L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Crassula helmsii (Kirk) Cockayne Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Crataegus monogyna Jacq. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cryptostegia grandiflora R. Br. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cupaniopsis anacardioides (A. Rich.) Radlk. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cyathea cooperi (Hook. ex F. Muell.) Domin Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cylindropuntia imbricata (Haw.) F.M. Knuth Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cynara cardunculus L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cyperus eragrostis Lam. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cyperus rotundus L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cytisus multiflorus (L’Hér.) Sweet Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Dactylis glomerata L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Datura stramonium L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Delairea odorata Lem. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Schott Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Dioscorea alata L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Dioscorea bulbifera L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Dipogon lignosus (L.) Verdc. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Dipsacus fullonum L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Dipsacus laciniatus L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Dolichandra unguis-cati (L.) L. G. Lohmann Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Echinochloa polystachya (Kunth) Hitchc. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Echium plantagineum L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Egeria densa Planch. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Ehrharta calycina Sm. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Ehrharta erecta Lam. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Elodea canadensis Michx. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Elymus repens (L.) Gould subsp. repens Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Erica arborea L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Erica lusitanica Rudolphi Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Erigeron karvinskianus DC. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Erodium botrys (Cav.) Bertol. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Hér. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Eucalyptus cladocalyx F. Muell. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Eucalyptus diversicolor F. Muell. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Eugenia uniflora L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Eupatorium cannabinum L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Euphorbia esula L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Euphorbia paralias L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Euryops multifidus (Thunb.) DC. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Festuca arundinacea Schreb. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Ficaria verna Huds. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Ficus carica L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Ficus microcarpa L. f. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Frangula alnus Mill. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Fraxinus uhdei (Wenz.) Lingelsh. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Fuchsia magellanica Lam. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Galega officinalis L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Galium aparine L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Genista linifolia L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Genista monspessulana (L.) L.A.S. Johnson Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Gladiolus undulatus L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Gleditsia triacanthos L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmb. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. ex R. Br. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. ex R. Br. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Gunnera tinctoria (Molina) Mirb. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Gymnocoronis spilanthoides (D. Don ex Hook. & Arn.) DC. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Hakea drupacea (C.F. Gaertn.) Roem. & Schult. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Hakea gibbosa (Sm.) Cav. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Hakea salicifolia (Vent.) B.L. Burtt Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Hakea sericea Schrad. & J.C. Wendl. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Hedera helix L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Hedychium flavescens Carey ex Roscoe Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Hedychium gardnerianum Sheppard ex Ker Gawl. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Helianthus tuberosus L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Hesperis matronalis L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Holcus lanatus L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Homalanthus populifolius Graham Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Hordeum marinum Huds. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Hordeum murinum L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. f. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) T. Anderson Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Hypericum androsaemum L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Hypericum perforatum L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Hypochaeris radicata Author Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Ilex aquifolium L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Impatiens glandulifera Royle Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Impatiens parviflora DC. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Ipomoea indica (Burm.) Merr. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Iris pseudacorus L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Jasminum dichotomum Vahl Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Jasminum fluminense Vell. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Jasminum humile L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Juncus acutus L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Juncus articulatus L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Juncus effusus L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Lagarosiphon major (Ridl.) Moss Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Lagurus ovatus L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Lantana camara L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Lathyrus tingitanus L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Lavandula stoechas L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Lepidium draba L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Lepidium latifolium L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Leptospermum laevigatum (Gaertn.) F. Muell. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Leycesteria formosa Wall. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Ligustrum robustum subsp. walkeri (Decne.) P.S. Green Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Ligustrum sinense Lour. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Ligustrum vulgare L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Rob Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Lolium perenne L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Lonicera japonica Thunb. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Lonicera morrowii A. Gray Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Lonicera tatarica L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Lotus corniculatus L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Lotus uliginosus Schkuhr Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Ludwigia grandiflora (Michx.) Greuter & Burdet Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) P.H. Raven Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Lupinus arboreus Sims Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Lupinus nootkatensis Sims Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Lycium ferocissimum Miers Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Lythrum salicaria L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Marrubium vulgare L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B.K. Simon & S.W.L. Jacobs Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Melastoma candidum D. Don Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Melia azedarach L. Invaded Habitats Descriptio Ecology and Impacts Control Melianthus comosus Vahl Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Melianthus major L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Melilotus albus Medik. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Melilotus indicus (L.) All. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Memecylon floribundum Blume Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Mentha pulegium L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Merremia tuberosa (L.) Rendle Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Miconia calvescens DC. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Mikania micrantha Kunth Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Mimosa pigra L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Moraea flaccida (Sweet) Steud. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Morella faya (Aiton) Wilbur Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Morus alba L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Myoporum laetum G. Forst. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Myosotis sylvatica Hoffm. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Myriophyllum spicatum L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Nandina domestica Thunb. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Nassella neesiana (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Nassella tenuissima (Trin.) Barkworth Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hack. ex Arechav. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Nephrolepis hirsutula (G. Forst.) C. Presl Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Neyraudia reynaudiana (Kunth) Keng ex Hitchc. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Nicotiana glauca Graham Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Nymphoides peltata (S.G. Gmel.) Kuntze Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Olea europaea L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Opuntia aurantiaca Lindl. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Ornithogalum umbellatum L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Oxalis latifolia Kunth Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Oxalis pes-caprae L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Oxalis purpurea L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Paederia foetida L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Panicum repens L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Parapholis incurva (L.) C.E. Hubb. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Paraserianthes lophantha (Willd.) I.C. Nielsen Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Parkinsonia aculeata L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Parthenium hysterophorus L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Paspalum conjugatum P.J. Bergius Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Paspalum dilatatum Poir. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Paspalum distichum L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Paspalum vaginatum Sw. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Passiflora edulis Sims Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Passiflora mixta L. f. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Passiflora tripartita (Juss.) Poir. var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm-Niels. & P. Jørg. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Pastinaca sativa L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Pennisetum macrourum Trin. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Pereskia aculeata Mill. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Phalaris aquatica L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Phalaris arundinacea L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Phalaris minor Retz. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Phleum pratense L. Invaded Habitats Description Ecology and Impacts Control Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Invaded Habitats De Since the publication of the first edition of this book in 2003, the status of many important invasive plants around the world has changed dramatically. Species have extended their ranges, new literature has been accumulated, and control methods have been improved. Research on some plant invaders has also focused on the species' ecology and impacts, confirming that invasive plants continue to pose serious threats to species and ecosystems. Given their range expansions and introduction via international trade, these problems will only become more serious in the future. Providing the latest information on the most important invasive plants, this new edition: - Contains 50 new species, chosen for their impacts on ecosystems and native species - Reviews the most significant new publications on ecology and species management - Updates introduced, invasive and native ranges, providing an easy-reference, full-colour map for each species - Provides new and improved control methods Including colour images of each species, this up-to-date reference guide on the most important plant invaders is an invaluable tool for both researchers and policy makers Invasive plant species cause severe disruption to natural and managed ecosystems. A full-colour reference guide to the major invasive plants, this book includes over 500 economically and environmentally important species. It provides illustrations, synonyms, geographical distribution, habitats invaded, morphology, ecology and references for each.