Introduction to the Anatomy and Physiology of Children : A Guide for Students of Nursing, Child Care and Health

An introduction to normal, healthy physical development for professionals who specialize in working with children. Janet McGregor, an experienced nurse teacher, guides the reader through the key changes in body systems and functions from birth through adolescence. Topics covered include: the skeletal system; the nervous system; the cardiovascular system; the respiratory system; the renal system; the digestive system; the reproduction system; the immune system; and co-ordination of the systems. Each chapter ends with a scenario which encourages the student to apply the information provided to real-life situations and a question designed to extend, through further reading, the students' knowledge and understanding of the specific system. This introductory text has been written for nurses following the child branch of the DipHE in Nursing, for student midwives, health visitors and school nurses, for nursery nurses, and any person caring for children who aims to promote their healthy development. Book Cover......Page 1 Title......Page 4 Contents......Page 5 List of illustrations......Page 14 Preface......Page 16 Child physical needs......Page 18 Child development theories......Page 19 The nature nurture debate......Page 20 Genetic inheritance......Page 21 A healthy environment......Page 22 The need for protective care......Page 23 The need for food......Page 26 The need for temperature control......Page 29 The need for activity and rest......Page 30 Physiology knowledge in practice......Page 31 The skeletal system......Page 34 Embryology......Page 35 Genetic inheritance......Page 38 Hormones of growth......Page 40 Diet calcium for bone growth......Page 43 Changes in bone due to exercise......Page 44 Physical activity play......Page 45 Body shape changes......Page 46 Physiology knowledge in practice......Page 49 The nervous system......Page 52 Brain growth embryology......Page 53 Nerve growth......Page 54 The eye......Page 57 The ear......Page 58 Birth onwards......Page 59 The nerves......Page 60 Reflexes......Page 61 Psychological maturation......Page 63 Sleep......Page 65 Temperature control......Page 68 Physiology knowledge in practice......Page 70 The cardiovascular system......Page 72 Heart embryology......Page 73 Circulation changes in the heart at birth......Page 76 Changes in the cardiovascular system in childhood......Page 77 Exercise and cardiovascular function......Page 79 Children's blood......Page 81 Common blood tests......Page 82 Routine diet supplement......Page 83 The respiratory system......Page 86 Embryology......Page 87 Surfactant......Page 88 The lungs at birth......Page 89 Baby breathing......Page 90 Apnoea......Page 91 Respiratory resuscitation......Page 92 The small child's breathing......Page 95 Respiration during exercise......Page 96 Sleep and breathing......Page 99 Physiology knowledge in practice......Page 102 The renal system......Page 104 Embryology......Page 105 The kidney and urine production at birth......Page 106 Fluid requirements in the first week......Page 108 Continence......Page 109 Bed wetting enuresis......Page 111 Water balance......Page 112 Urine......Page 113 Dehydration......Page 116 Replacement of body electrolytes by diet......Page 117 Physiology knowledge in practice......Page 118 The digestive system......Page 120 Embryology......Page 121 The stomach......Page 124 The gut......Page 127 Weaning......Page 128 Failure to thrive......Page 129 Calorie needs as basic metabolic rate (BMR) changes......Page 130 Teeth......Page 131 Liver maturation......Page 132 Bowels......Page 133 Physiology knowledge in practice......Page 136 The reproductive system......Page 138 Embryology......Page 139 Changes at birth......Page 141 Body composition and sex differences......Page 142 Changes in the reproductive system at puberty......Page 144 Exercise and secondary amenorrhea......Page 149 Physiology knowledge in practice......Page 150 The immune system......Page 152 Protection from micro-organisms......Page 153 Acquisition of immunity......Page 154 Stress......Page 159 Immunisation......Page 163 Physiology knowledge in practice......Page 166 Coordinating the systems......Page 168 Thyroid gland effect in growth......Page 169 Foetal growth......Page 170 The school-aged child......Page 171 Vision......Page 172 Hearing......Page 173 Weight......Page 174 Height......Page 175 The role of the thyroid in all tissue development......Page 176 The importance of the hypothalamus in linking the physical with the psychological person......Page 179 The happiness factor......Page 180 Physiology knowledge in practice......Page 183 Glossary......Page 186 Bibliography......Page 190 Index......Page 200 An Introduction to the Anatomy and Physiology of Children is an excellent introduction to normal, healthy physical development for professionals who specialise in working with children. Janet McGregor, an experienced nurse teacher, guides the reader through the key changes in body systems and functions from birth through adolescence. An Introduction to the Anatomy and Physiology of Children covers:*the skeletal system*the nervous system*the cardiovascular system*the respiratory system*the renal system*the digestive system*the reproduction system*the immune system*co-ordination of the systems.Each chapter ends with a scenario which encourages the student to apply the information provided to real-life situations and a question designed to extend, through further reading, the students' knowledge and understanding of the specific system. This introductory text has been written for nurses following the child branch of the DipHE in Nursing, for student midwives, health visitors and school nurses, for nursery nurses, and any person caring for children who aims to promote their healthy development. "This is an introduction to normal, healthy physical development for professionals who specialise in working with children. The author, an experienced nurse teacher, guides the reader through the key changes in body systems and functions from embryo to birth through childhood and adolescence." "Concise and clearly written, this introductory text will be essential reading for nurses following the child branch of the DipHE in Nursing, for student midwives, health visitors, school nurses and nursery nurses."--Jacket Published in 2002, 'Introduction to the Anatomy and Physiology of Children' is a valuable addtion to Allied Health.