مقدمه‌ای بر کاربردهای الکترونیک پزشکی

Medical electronics, or more specifically the instrumentation used in physiological measurement, has changed significantly over the last few years. Developments in electronics technology have offered new and enhanced applications, especially in the areas of data recording and analysis and imaging technology. These changes have been accompanied by more stringent legislation on safety and liability. This book is designed to meet the needs of students on the growing number of courses, undergraduate and MSc. It is a concise and accessible introduction offering a broad overview that encompasses the various contributing disciplines. Cover 1 Frontmatter 2 Half Title Page 2 Title Page 4 Copyright 5 Table of Contents 6 Preface 8 Chapter 1: Introduction 10 Chapter 2: Anatomy and Physiology 14 2.1. Introduction 14 2.2. Anatomical Terminology 15 2.3. Structural Level of the Human Body 17 2.4. Muscular System 21 2.5. Skeletal System 28 2.6. The Nervous System 29 2.7. The Cardio-Vascular System 37 2.8. Respiratory System 43 Chapter 3: Physics 47 3.1. The Nature of Ionising Radiation 47 3.2. Physics of Radiation Absorption, Types of Collision 51 3.3. Radiation Measurement and Dosimetry 52 3.4. Outline of the Application of Radiation in Medicine - Radiology, Radiotherapy 54 3.5. Physics of NMR 54 3.6. Ultrasound 60 3.7. Physics of Ultrasound 61 3.8. The Doppler Effect 69 3.9. Generation and Detection of Ultrasound 75 Chapter 4: Physiological Instrumentation 84 4.1. Introduction 84 4.2. Measurement Systems 85 4.3. Transducers 91 4.4. Biopotentials 93 4.5. Blood Pressure Measurement 104 Chapter 5: Imaging Fundamentals and Mathematics 118 5.1. Purpose of Imaging 118 5.2. Mathematical Background 119 5.3. Imaging Theory 125 5.4. Image Processing 130 Chapter 6: Imaging Technology 133 6.1. Projection X Radiography 133 6.2. Computerised Tomography 143 6.3. Gamma Camera 149 6.4. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging 152 6.5. Ultrasound Imaging 157 6.6. Doppler Ultrasound 171 Chapter 7: Computing 178 7.1. Classification of Computers 179 7.2. Outline of Computer Architecture 179 7.3. Data Acquisition 189 7.4. Computer Networks 190 7.5. Databases 194 7.6. Clinical Expert Systems 205 7.7. Privacy, Data Protection and Security 209 7.8. Practical Considerations 211 Chapter 8: Hospital Safety 213 8.1. Electrical Safety 213 8.2. Radiation hazards 221 8.3. Ultrasound Safety 223 Backmatter 224 References 224 Index 228 Back Cover 234