Introduction to infrastructure

Copyright......Page 6 Foreword......Page 9 Preface......Page 13 About the Authors......Page 19 Brief Table of Contents......Page 23 Detailed Table of Contents......Page 25 Introduction......Page 31 The Prevalence of Infrastructure......Page 33 Infrastructure Systems......Page 35 Funding Infrastructure......Page 36 Sustainability......Page 37 Construction......Page 39 Water Resources......Page 40 Integration with Other Professions......Page 41 Integration with the Public......Page 42 Licensure......Page 43 Life-Long Learning......Page 44 Teamwork and Leadership......Page 45 The Future of Civil and Environmental Engineering......Page 46 About This Book......Page 47 Introduction......Page 50 Hydrologic Cycle and Hydrologic Budget......Page 51 Watersheds......Page 55 Rivers......Page 56 Wetlands......Page 58 Geologic Formations......Page 59 Groundwater......Page 63 Climate Change......Page 65 Prelude to Chapters 3 through 5......Page 70 Introduction......Page 71 Foundations......Page 72 Skyscrapers......Page 73 Bridges (ASCE 2009 Grade: C)......Page 74 Dams (ASCE 2009 Grade: D)......Page 78 Levees and Floodwalls (ASCE 2009 Grade: D- )......Page 80 Retaining walls......Page 83 Introduction......Page 87 Roads (ASCE 2009 Grade: D-)......Page 88 Intersections and Interchanges......Page 91 Parking......Page 93 Mass Transit (ASCE 2009 Grade: D)......Page 95 Non-Motorized Transportation......Page 99 Aviation (ASCE 2009 Grade: D)......Page 100 Waterways (ASCE 2009 Grade: D-)......Page 101 Locks......Page 102 Tunnels......Page 103 Rail (ASCE 2009 Grade: C-)......Page 105 Introduction......Page 109 Energy Generation......Page 110 Drinking Water (ASCE 2009 Grade: D-)......Page 112 Storage......Page 113 Treatment......Page 114 Distribution......Page 115 Wastewater (ASCE 2009 Grade: D-)......Page 116 Conveyance......Page 117 Treatment......Page 119 Collection and Conveyance......Page 120 Culverts......Page 121 Storage......Page 122 Treatment......Page 123 Parks and Recreation (ASCE 2009 Grade: C-)......Page 125 Transfer......Page 127 Recycling and Reuse......Page 128 Landfills......Page 129 Incinerators......Page 130 Brownfields......Page 131 Introduction......Page 134 Trailers and Storage Containers......Page 135 Excavators......Page 136 Loaders......Page 137 Skidsteers......Page 138 Earthmovers......Page 139 Blasting Equipment......Page 140 Dewatering......Page 141 Concrete Forms......Page 142 Falsework......Page 143 Utilities......Page 144 Erosion Control......Page 145 Introduction......Page 150 Systems Overview......Page 153 Intra-Sector Systems......Page 156 Inter-Sector Systems......Page 158 The "Big Picture'' System......Page 161 Introduction......Page 167 Themes......Page 170 Roads......Page 171 Canals......Page 173 Bridges......Page 175 Water Distribution......Page 177 Water Treatment......Page 179 Wastewater Conveyance......Page 180 The Future......Page 181 Introduction......Page 186 The Nature of Analysis......Page 188 The Analysis Process......Page 189 Case Study: Creation of the Rational Method......Page 195 Construction Engineering Analysis Application-Gantt Charts......Page 197 Environmental/Water Resources Engineering Analysis Application-Open Channels......Page 198 Geotechnical Engineering Analysis Application-Soil Size Analysis......Page 200 Municipal Engineering Analysis Application-Stormwater Runoff......Page 203 Structural Engineering Analysis Application-Tension and Compression in Beams......Page 204 Transportation Engineering Analysis Application-Pavement Analysis......Page 206 Introduction......Page 211 The Design Process......Page 212 Problem (Need) Identification......Page 213 Collection of Background Information......Page 214 Development of Alternative Designs......Page 215 Evaluation of Designs......Page 216 Selection of Best Design......Page 217 Implementation of Solution......Page 219 Regulations......Page 220 Safety Factors......Page 221 Design Life......Page 222 Case Study: Chicago River Reversal......Page 223 Construction Engineering Design Application-Cut and Fill......Page 225 Environmental Engineering Design Application-Septic Systems......Page 227 Geotechnical Engineering Design Application-Footings......Page 231 Municipal Engineering Design Application-Land Development......Page 234 Transportation Engineering Design Application-Inlet Spacing......Page 236 Introduction......Page 242 The Need for Planning......Page 244 Infrastructure Planning......Page 248 Transportation Planning......Page 251 Land Use Planning......Page 254 Regional Planning......Page 257 Emergency Planning......Page 259 Population Projections......Page 261 Introduction......Page 267 Background......Page 268 Energy Trends and Predicting Demand......Page 269 Sources of Energy......Page 273 Environmental Impacts......Page 274 Energy as an Infrastructure Consideration......Page 277 Transportation Sector Energy Use......Page 278 Buildings......Page 279 Wastewater Treatment......Page 280 Landfills......Page 281 Introduction......Page 284 The Needs of the World......Page 287 Resource Demand......Page 292 Measures of Sustainability......Page 296 The Role of Civil and Environmental Engineers in Promoting Sustainability......Page 297 Sustainable Design......Page 298 Green Buildings......Page 299 Water Reuse......Page 302 Introduction......Page 307 The Relationship Between Infrastructure and the Economy......Page 309 Funding Local Projects......Page 310 Funding State and Federal Projects......Page 314 Consideration of Project Economics......Page 316 Introduction......Page 323 Environmental Protection......Page 324 Land Development......Page 329 Wastewater Treatment......Page 330 Dams......Page 331 The Good (Bad?) Ole Days......Page 332 Environmental Regulations......Page 333 Environmental Complexity......Page 335 Introduction......Page 340 Social Impact Assessment......Page 343 Displacement......Page 344 Neighborhood Cohesion......Page 345 Health......Page 348 Environmental Justice......Page 349 Introduction......Page 354 Ethics and Engineering......Page 355 Codes of Ethics......Page 357 Ethical Decision-Making Framework......Page 360 Case Study......Page 361 Corruption......Page 363 Introduction......Page 370 Economic Impacts and Infrastructure Security......Page 373 Critical Infrastructure......Page 374 Water Security......Page 376 Energy Security......Page 379 Transportation Security......Page 380 Risk Considerations......Page 382 Chapter 19: Other (No Less Important) Considerations......Page 386 Protecting the Public......Page 387 Protecting Operations and Maintenance Workers......Page 388 Protecting Construction Workers......Page 389 Maintenance Considerations......Page 393 Constructability Considerations......Page 394 Aesthetic Considerations......Page 398 Political Considerations......Page 399 Legal Considerations......Page 403 Torts......Page 404 Contracts......Page 405 Property Law......Page 406 Introduction......Page 411 Construction Engineering: Critical Path Method......Page 412 Environmental Engineering: Air Pollution......Page 413 Geotechnical Engineering: Katrina Floodwalls......Page 416 Structural Engineering: Deflection of Beams......Page 418 Transportation Engineering: Transportation Impact Study......Page 422 Introduction......Page 427 Construction Engineering: Concrete Mix and Formwork......Page 428 Environmental Engineering: Primary Treatment of Wastewater......Page 434 Geotechnical Engineering: Floodwalls......Page 437 Structural Engineering: Design of Structural Members......Page 440 Transportation Engineering: Horizontal Curves......Page 443 Chapter Opener Photo Credit......Page 449 Index......Page 451