Introduction to Health and Safety in Construction, Second Edition: The handbook for construction professionals and students on NEBOSH and other construction courses

Introduction to Health and Safety in Construction covers the specific challenges faced by the construction industry as well as the basics of occupational safety and health in general. The coverage of this book has been directly matched to the Certificate course in Construction Safety and Health from NEBOSH. However, the comprehensive coverage of health and safety topics in a construction context make it relevant for other courses in Construction Design and Management, Construction Safety and Health, and the Built Environment, both in the UK and overseas, as well as for construction professionals who are looking for an introduction to health and safety which addresses the specific problems encountered in their industry. In its second edition the book has been updated to incorporate changes in legislation, regarding: Noise Vibration COSHH Work at Height Fire Safety Construction Design and Management Asbestos The text is highly illustrated in full colour, easy to read and includes self-assessment questions taken directly from NEBOSH examinations. A chapter on study skills offers support for professionals returning to study. The text is also supported with checklists, report forms and record sheets, making it a valuable reference tool for construction managers, supervisors, designers, building and civil engineers to consult on the day to day issues of health and safety. * Fully covers the syllabus for the NEBOSH National Certificate in Construction Safety and Health * Student-friendly presentation in full colour packed with illustrations and photographs * Includes a summary of the main legislation, ideal as a reference for students as well as for all managers in the construction industry Front cover......Page 1 Introduction to Health and Safety in Construction......Page 4 Copyright page......Page 5 Table of contents......Page 6 Preface......Page 14 Acknowledgements......Page 16 About the authors......Page 17 List of principal abbreviations......Page 18 Illustrations credits......Page 20 1.1 Introduction......Page 30 1.2 Some basic definitions......Page 31 1.3 The legal framework for health and safety......Page 32 1.4 The legal system in England and Wales......Page 33 1.6 European Courts......Page 34 1.7 Sources of law (England and Wales)......Page 35 1.9 Levels of statutory duty......Page 36 1.10 The influence of the European Union (EU) on health and safety......Page 37 1.11 The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974......Page 39 1.13 The main legal instruments relating to construction work......Page 42 1.14 Role and function of external agencies......Page 43 1.16 The health and safety problem in the construction industry......Page 44 1.17 Moral, legal and financial arguments for health and safety management......Page 45 1.18 The framework for health and safety management......Page 48 1.19 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 1......Page 50 2.2 Legal requirements......Page 52 2.3 Key elements of a health and safety policy......Page 53 2.4 Review of health and safety policy......Page 54 Appendix 2.1 – Health and Safety Policy checklist......Page 56 3.1 Introduction......Page 60 3.4 Employees’ responsibilities......Page 61 3.5 Organizational health and safety responsibilities......Page 62 3.6 Role and functions of health and safety and other advisers......Page 63 3.7 Persons in control of premises......Page 64 3.9 The supply chain......Page 65 3.10 Contractors......Page 67 3.11 Joint occupation of premises......Page 73 3.12 Cooperation with the workforce......Page 74 3.13 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 3......Page 75 Appendix 3.1 – Typical organizational responsibilities......Page 76 Appendix 3.2 – Checklist for supply chain health and safety management......Page 78 4.2 Definition of a health and safety culture......Page 80 4.3 Safety culture and safety performance......Page 81 4.4 Human factors and their influence on safety performance......Page 82 4.5 Human errors and violations......Page 86 4.6 The development of a positive health and safety culture......Page 89 4.7 Effective communication......Page 90 4.8 Health and safety training......Page 91 4.9 Internal influences......Page 93 4.10 External influences......Page 94 4.11 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 4......Page 96 5.2 Legal aspects of risk assessment......Page 98 5.4 Some definitions......Page 99 5.8 The management of risk assessment......Page 101 5.9 The risk assessment process......Page 102 5.10 Risk control measures......Page 103 5.14 Monitoring and review......Page 104 5.15 Special cases......Page 105 5.16 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 5......Page 106 Appendix 5.1 – Hazard checklist......Page 107 Appendix 5.2 – Example of a risk assessment record......Page 108 6.2 Principles of prevention......Page 110 6.3 Hierarchy of risk control......Page 111 6.4 Controlling health risks......Page 114 6.5 Safe systems of work......Page 116 6.7 Permits to work......Page 119 6.8 Emergency procedures......Page 123 6.9 First aid at work......Page 124 6.10 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 6......Page 127 Appendix 6.1 – Fire notice......Page 128 Appendix 6.2 – Job safety analysis form......Page 129 Appendix 6.3 – Example of a safety method statement form......Page 130 Appendix 6.4 – Essential elements of a permit-to-work form......Page 131 7.1 Introduction......Page 132 7.2 General hazards and controls......Page 133 7.3 Initial site assessment......Page 135 7.4 Site controls......Page 136 7.5 Provision of welfare facilities......Page 139 7.6 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 7......Page 140 Appendix 7.1 – A typical set of site rules......Page 141 8.2 The Work at Height Regulations 2004 (WAHR)......Page 144 8.3 Construction hazards and controls from working at height......Page 146 8.4 Working above ground or where there is a risk of falling......Page 150 8.5 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 8......Page 164 Appendix 8.1 – Inspection report form......Page 166 Appendix 8.3 – A checklist for a safety inspection of a scaffold......Page 168 Appendix 8.4 – Examples of safe systems of work used in roof work......Page 169 9.2 Excavations – hazards and control......Page 170 9.3 Confined spaces......Page 179 9.4 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 9......Page 183 Appendix 9.1 – Inspection report for excavation......Page 184 Appendix 9.2 – An example of safe digging practice......Page 186 Appendix 9.3 – Typical excavation work risk assessment......Page 187 Appendix 9.4 – Typical confined spaces risk assessment......Page 188 10.1 Introduction......Page 190 10.3 Pre-demolition investigation and survey......Page 191 10.4 Demolition method statement......Page 192 10.5 Management of the demolition and general controls......Page 194 10.6 Specific issues......Page 195 10.7 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 10......Page 197 Appendix 10.1 – Checklist for a safe system of work......Page 198 11.2 Hazards to pedestrians......Page 200 11.3 Control strategies for pedestrian hazards......Page 202 11.4 Hazards to the general public and the associated controls in construction activities, including street works......Page 205 11.5 Hazards in vehicle operations......Page 207 11.6 Control strategies for safe vehicle operations......Page 208 11.7 The management of vehicle movements......Page 209 11.8 Hazards and controls of vehicles on construction sites......Page 210 11.9 Managing occupational road safety......Page 211 11.10 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 11......Page 216 12.2 Suitability of work equipment and CE marking......Page 218 12.4 Information, instruction and training......Page 220 12.5 Maintenance and inspection......Page 221 12.6 Operation and working environment......Page 222 12.7 Users’ and hirers’ responsibilities......Page 223 12.8 Hand-held tools......Page 224 12.9 Mechanical machinery hazards......Page 226 12.10 Mobile work equipment......Page 228 12.12 Examples of machinery hazards......Page 230 12.13 Practical safeguards......Page 232 12.14 Other safety devices......Page 235 12.15 Application of safeguards to the range of machines......Page 236 12.17 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 12......Page 243 13.2 Manual handling hazards and injuries......Page 244 13.3 Manual handling risk assessments......Page 246 13.4 Types of mechanical handling and lifting equipment......Page 249 13.6 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 13......Page 258 Appendix 13.1 – Manual handling of loads assessment checklist......Page 260 Appendix 13.2 – A typical risk assessment for an excavator to be used for lifting......Page 263 Appendix 13.3 – A typical risk assessment for the use of lifting equipment......Page 264 14.2 Principles of electricity and some definitions......Page 266 14.3 Electrical hazards and injuries......Page 268 14.4 General control measures for electrical hazards......Page 273 14.5 The selection and suitability of equipment......Page 274 14.6 Inspection and maintenance strategies......Page 276 14.7 Portable electrical appliances testing......Page 277 14.8 Protection against contact with live overhead power lines......Page 280 14.9 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 14......Page 281 15.1 Introduction......Page 282 15.2 The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order (RRFSO) – Requirements......Page 283 15.3 Basic principles of fire......Page 285 15.4 Methods of extinction......Page 286 15.6 Principles of heat transmission and fire spread......Page 287 15.7 Common causes of fire and consequences......Page 289 15.8 Fire risk assessment......Page 290 15.9 Fire detection and warning......Page 296 15.10 Means of escape in case of fire......Page 297 15.11 Principles of fire protection in buildings......Page 299 15.12 Provision of fire-fighting equipment......Page 300 15.13 Maintenance and testing of fire-fighting equipment......Page 301 15.15 Fire procedures and people with a disability......Page 302 15.16 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 15......Page 303 Appendix 15.1 – Fire risk assessment as recommended in Fire Safety Guides published by the Department for Communities and Local Government in 2006......Page 304 Appendix 15.2 – Example form for recording significant findings as published in 2006 by the Department for Communities and Local Government......Page 305 16.2 Forms of chemical agent......Page 306 16.4 Classification of hazardous substances and their associated health risks......Page 307 16.5 Routes of entry to the human body......Page 308 16.6 Health hazards of specific agents......Page 312 16.7 Requirements of the COSHH Regulations......Page 315 16.8 Details of a COSHH assessment......Page 316 16.9 The control measures required under the COSHH Regulations......Page 320 16.11 Maintenance and emergency controls......Page 326 16.12 Control of asbestos......Page 327 16.13 Environmental considerations......Page 329 16.14 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 16......Page 331 17.2 Task and workstation design......Page 334 17.3 Work environment issues......Page 342 17.4 Noise......Page 343 17.5 Heat and radiation hazards......Page 349 17.6 The causes and prevention of workplace stress......Page 352 17.7 The causes and prevention of workplace violence......Page 354 17.8 The effects of alcohol and drugs......Page 357 17.9 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 17......Page 358 18.1 Introduction......Page 360 18.2 Reasons for incident/accident investigation......Page 361 18.3 Which incidents/accidents should be investigated?......Page 362 18.4 Investigations and causes of incidents......Page 363 18.5 Legal recording and reporting requirements......Page 365 18.7 Internal systems for collecting and analysing incident data......Page 367 18.9 Pratice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 18......Page 369 Appendix 18.1 – Injury report form......Page 371 Appendix 18.2 – Information for insurance/compensation claims......Page 373 19.2 The traditional approach to measuring health and safety performance......Page 376 19.3 Why measure performance?......Page 377 19.4 What to measure......Page 378 19.6 Proactive or active monitoring – how to measure performance......Page 379 19.9 Report writing......Page 382 19.10 Review and audit......Page 384 19.11 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 19......Page 387 Appendix 19.1 Workplace inspection exercises......Page 388 Appendix 19.2 – Checklist of items to be covered in a construction site inspection......Page 389 20.2 The legal framework......Page 394 20.3 List of Acts and Regulations summarized......Page 395 20.4 Health and Safety at Work etc Act (HSW Act) 1974......Page 397 20.5 Environmental Protection Act 1990......Page 399 20.6 The New Roads and Street Works Act 1991......Page 404 20.7 Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations 2002......Page 407 20.8 Asbestos (Licensing) Regulations 1983 as amended in 1998......Page 413 20.9 Draft Control of Asbestos Regulations 2006......Page 415 20.10 Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 2002......Page 423 20.11 Confined Spaces Regulations 1997......Page 426 20.12 Construction (Design and Management) (CDM) Regulations 1994 and Amendment Regulations 2000......Page 428 20.13 Draft Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2006......Page 433 20.15 Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) (CHSW) Regulations 1996......Page 440 20.16 Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996......Page 444 20.17 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) 2002 and 2005 Amendment......Page 445 20.18 Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations (DSEAR) 2002......Page 449 20.19 Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992......Page 452 20.20 Electricity at Work Regulations 1989......Page 454 20.21 Employers’ Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act 1969 and Regulations 1998......Page 456 20.22 Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005......Page 458 20.23 Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981......Page 466 20.25 Ionising Radiations Regulations 1999......Page 467 20.26 Control of Lead at Work Regulations 2002......Page 469 20.27 Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998......Page 471 20.28 Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999......Page 475 20.29 Manual Handling Operations Regulations (MHO) 1992......Page 477 20.30 Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005......Page 480 20.31 Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992......Page 484 20.32 Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (except part IV)......Page 486 20.33 The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995......Page 491 20.34 Safety Representatives and Safety Committees Regulations 1977......Page 493 20.35 Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996......Page 494 20.36 Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 1992......Page 497 20.37 Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005......Page 500 20.38 Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992......Page 502 20.39 Work at Height Regulations 2005......Page 505 20.40 Other relevant Regulations in brief......Page 509 21.3 Planning for study......Page 514 21.7 Revision......Page 515 21.9 How does memory work?......Page 516 21.10 How to deal with exams......Page 518 21.11 The examiners’ reports......Page 519 21.13 References......Page 520 Index......Page 522