Introduction to English Phonetics and Phonology (Textbooks in English Language and Linguistics (TELL, #1))

This comprehensive textbook provides a practical introduction to English phonetics and phonology. Assuming no prior background, the author outlines all of the core concepts and methods of phonetics and phonology and presents the basic facts in a clear and straightforward manner. In sections marked as advanced reading it is shown how these concepts and methods are applied in language acquisition and language teaching. The textbook contains exercises, an index, suggestions for further reading and many audio examples on the accompanying CD-ROM. An essential text for students embarking on the study of English sounds at B.A. level and beyond. Cover ......Page 1 Acknowledgments......Page 6 Table of Contents......Page 8 1 Introduction: Phonetics and Phonology......Page 12 1.1 Phonetics and phonology......Page 13 1.2 Sounds and (etters......Page 16 1.3 The structure of this book......Page 17 1.4 Exercises......Page 18 1.5 Further reading......Page 19 2.1 The respiratory system......Page 20 2.2 The phonatory system......Page 23 2.3 The articulatory system......Page 30 2.4 Classifying speech sounds......Page 35 2.5 Articulation in connected speech......Page 40 2.6 The role of the brain......Page 44 2.7 Learning the production of speech......Page 47 2.7.1 Speech production in first language acquisition (advanced reading)......Page 48 2.7.2 Speech production in second language acquisition and teaching(advanced reading)......Page 49 2.8 Methods of researching speech production (advanced reading)......Page 51 2.9 Exercises......Page 54 2.10 Further reading......Page 55 3 The Phonology ofEnglish: Phonemes, Syllables and Words......Page 56 3.1 The phonemes of English......Page 57 3.1.1 The consonants of RP and GA and their transcription......Page 60 3.1.2 The allophonic variation of consonants in RP and GA......Page 63 3.1.3 The vowels of RP and GA and their transcription......Page 67 3.1.4 Phonemic and phonetic transcription......Page 74 3.1.5 Phonetic features (advanced reading)......Page 77 3.2 The English syllable......Page 82 3.2.1 Types of syllables and phonotactic rules of English......Page 83 3.2.2 Syllabification in English......Page 89 3.2.3 Stress and speech rhythm in English......Page 90 3.3 The phonologieal word in English......Page 95 3.3.1 Word stress in English......Page 96 3.3.2 Phonological processes occurring at the level of the pword (advancedreading)......Page 102 3.4 Theories of the acquisition of English phonology (advanced reading)......Page 103 3.4.1 English phonology in first language acquisition......Page 104 3.4.2 English phonology in second language acquisition......Page 105 3.5 Exercises......Page 108 3.6 Further reading......Page 109 4 The Phonology of English: Intonation......Page 112 4.1 Intonational phrasing in English......Page 113 4.2 Nucleus placement in English......Page 118 4.3 English tones and their usage......Page 123 4.3.1 The tones of English and their transcription......Page 124 4.3.2 The function of English tones and tunes......Page 128 4.3.3 Pitch range, key and register......Page 133 4.4.1 The acquisition of English intonation in first language acquisition......Page 137 4.4.2 The acquisition of English intonation in second language acquisition......Page 138 4.4.3 Teaching English intonation......Page 140 4.5 Exercises......Page 141 4.6 Further Reading......Page 142 5 Acoustic properties of English......Page 144 5.1 Acoustic properties of sound......Page 145 5.1.1 Acoustic properties of sound waves......Page 146 5.1.2 Simple and complex waveforms (advanced reading)......Page 149 5.2 The acoustic properties of English vowels......Page 157 5.3 The acoustic properties of English consonants......Page 163 5.4 Acoustic aspects of connected speech in English (advanced reading)......Page 170 5.5.1 The acoustic properties of intonation phrases in English......Page 173 5.5.2 The acoustic properties of accents in English......Page 175 5.5.3 Measuring pitch and pitch movement in English......Page 177 5.6 Acoustic properties of L2 learner English and the use of acousticphonetics in pronunciation teaching (advanced reading)......Page 181 5.7 How to make a good speech recording......Page 184 5.8 Exercises......Page 186 5.9 Further Reading......Page 187 6.1 The outer ear......Page 190 6.2 The middle ear......Page 191 6.3 The inner ear......Page 192 6.4 The internal auditory system......Page 194 6.5 The perception of loudness, pitch and voice quality......Page 197 6.6 Measuring hearing sensitivity......Page 200 6.7 Theories of speech perception (advanced reading)......Page 202 6.8.1 Speech perception in first language acquisition......Page 207 6.8.2 Speech perception in second language acquisition and teaching......Page 208 6.10 Further reading......Page 213 7 List of References......Page 214 8 Index......Page 224 Cover 1 Acknowledgments 6 Table of Contents 8 1 Introduction: Phonetics and Phonology 12 1.1 Phonetics and phonology 13 1.2 Sounds and (etters 16 1.3 The structure of this book 17 1.4 Exercises 18 1.5 Further reading 19 2 Speech production 20 2.1 The respiratory system 20 2.2 The phonatory system 23 2.3 The articulatory system 30 2.4 Classifying speech sounds 35 2.5 Articulation in connected speech 40 2.6 The role of the brain 44 2.7 Learning the production of speech 47 2.7.1 Speech production in first language acquisition (advanced reading) 48 2.7.2 Speech production in second language acquisition and teaching(advanced reading) 49 2.8 Methods of researching speech production (advanced reading) 51 2.9 Exercises 54 2.10 Further reading 55 3 The Phonology ofEnglish: Phonemes, Syllables and Words 56 3.1 The phonemes of English 57 3.1.1 The consonants of RP and GA and their transcription 60 3.1.2 The allophonic variation of consonants in RP and GA 63 3.1.3 The vowels of RP and GA and their transcription 67 3.1.4 Phonemic and phonetic transcription 74 3.1.5 Phonetic features (advanced reading) 77 3.2 The English syllable 82 3.2.1 Types of syllables and phonotactic rules of English 83 3.2.2 Syllabification in English 89 3.2.3 Stress and speech rhythm in English 90 3.3 The phonologieal word in English 95 3.3.1 Word stress in English 96 3.3.2 Phonological processes occurring at the level of the pword (advancedreading) 102 3.4 Theories of the acquisition of English phonology (advanced reading) 103 3.4.1 English phonology in first language acquisition 104 3.4.2 English phonology in second language acquisition 105 3.5 Exercises 108 3.6 Further reading 109 4 The Phonology of English: Intonation 112 4.1 Intonational phrasing in English 113 4.2 Nucleus placement in English 118 4.3 English tones and their usage 123 4.3.1 The tones of English and their transcription 124 4.3.2 The function of English tones and tunes 128 4.3.3 Pitch range, key and register 133 4.4 The acquisition and teaching of English intonation (advanced reading) 137 4.4.1 The acquisition of English intonation in first language acquisition 137 4.4.2 The acquisition of English intonation in second language acquisition 138 4.4.3 Teaching English intonation 140 4.5 Exercises 141 4.6 Further Reading 142 5 Acoustic properties of English 144 5.1 Acoustic properties of sound 145 5.1.1 Acoustic properties of sound waves 146 5.1.2 Simple and complex waveforms (advanced reading) 149 5.2 The acoustic properties of English vowels 157 5.3 The acoustic properties of English consonants 163 5.4 Acoustic aspects of connected speech in English (advanced reading) 170 5.5 The acoustic properties of English intonation 173 5.5.1 The acoustic properties of intonation phrases in English 173 5.5.2 The acoustic properties of accents in English 175 5.5.3 Measuring pitch and pitch movement in English 177 5.6 Acoustic properties of L2 learner English and the use of acousticphonetics in pronunciation teaching (advanced reading) 181 5.7 How to make a good speech recording 184 5.8 Exercises 186 5.9 Further Reading 187 6 Speech perception 190 6.1 The outer ear 190 6.2 The middle ear 191 6.3 The inner ear 192 6.4 The internal auditory system 194 6.5 The perception of loudness, pitch and voice quality 197 6.6 Measuring hearing sensitivity 200 6.7 Theories of speech perception (advanced reading) 202 6.8 Speech perception and language acquisition (advanced reading) 207 6.8.1 Speech perception in first language acquisition 207 6.8.2 Speech perception in second language acquisition and teaching 208 6.9 Exercises 213 6.10 Further reading 213 7 List of References 214 8 Index 224