Introduction to Botany

Foreword Glossary Introduction to the Introduction Plants, Botany, and Kingdoms Taxonomy Styles of Life and Basic Chemistry Photosynthesis Discovery of Photosynthesis Light Stage Enzymatic Stage C4 Pathway True respiration Symbiogenesis and the Plant Cell Introduction to Cells Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Cell wall, Vacuoles, and Plasmodesmata Other Parts of the Cell Protein Synthesis: from the Nucleus to the Ribosomes Other Vesicles Cellular Skeleton Multicellularity, the Cell Cycle and the Life Cycle Mitosis and the Cell Cycle Syngamy and Meiosis Sexual Process and the Syngamy Meiosis Life cycle of the Unicellular Eukaryote Life cycle of the Multicellular Eukaryote Origin of Death Sporic, Zygotic and Gametic Life Cycles Evolution of Life Cycles Life Cycle of Vegetabilia Tissues and Organs; or how the Plant is built Tissues Epidermis and Parenchyma Supportive Tissues: Building Skyscrapers Meristems: the Construction Sites Vascular Tissues Periderm Absorption Tissues Other Tissues Organs and Organ Systems The Leaf Morphology of the Leaf Anatomy of the Leaf Ecological Forms of Plants The Stem Morphology of the Stem Anatomy of the Primary Stem The Root Morphology of the Root Anatomy of the Root Water and Sugar Transportation in Plants Growing Diversity of Plants Bryophyta: the mosses Pteridophyta: the ferns Diversity of pteridophytes Heterospory: Next step on land The Origin of Trees and Seeds Secondary Stem Branching Shoot Life Forms Architectural Models Approach Modified Shoot Raunkiaer's Approach Dynamic Approach Origin of the Seed Seed Structure and Germination Spermatophyta: seed plants The Origin of Flowering Spermatophyta 2.0 The Flower and the Fruit The Flower The Inflorescence Pollination The Fruit Three plant families you wanted to know but were too afraid to ask Leguminosae, or Fabaceae—legume family Compositae, or Asteraceae—aster family Gramineae, or Poaceae—grass family Plants and Earth Geography of Vegetation Geography of Vegetabilia Methods of Taxonomy and Diagnostics Cladistics Phenetics Dichotomous keys Problems Some useful literature