Interrogating Francoism : History and Dictatorship in Twentieth-Century Spain

Helen Graham here brings together leading historians of international renown to examine 20th-century Spain in light of Franco’s dictatorship and its legacy. Interrogating Francoism uses a three-part structure to look at the old regime, the civil war and the forging of Francoism; the nature of Franco’s dictatorship; and the ‘history wars’ that have since taken place over his legacy. Social, political, economic and cultural historical approaches are integrated throughout and ‘top down’ political analysis is incorporated along with ‘bottom up’ social perspectives. The book places Spain and Francoism in comparative European context and explores the relationship between the historical debates and present-day political and ideological controversies in Spain. In part a tribute to Paul Preston, the foremost historian of contemporary Spain today, Interrogating Francoism includes an interview with Professor Preston and a comprehensive bibliography of his work, as well as extensive further readings in English. It is a crucial volume for all students of 20th-century Spain. The book gathers an author team of internationally renowned experts on contemporary Spain and deploys a three-part structure to look at the monarchist regime; the Second Republic; the civil war and the forging of Francoism; the nature of Franco’s dictatorship, and the ‘history wars’ that have since taken place over the dictator’s legacy. The volume’s essays are always alert to the ways in which this legacy continues to shape historical perceptions and debate today, including of the pre-Francoist twentieth century. Social, political, economic and cultural historical approaches are integrated throughout the text and ‘top down’ political analysis is incorporated along with ‘bottom up’ social perspectives. The book places Spain and Francoism in comparative European context (especially the debates opened up since 1989 on the meanings of the Second World War), and explores for the first time in an integrated fashion the relationship between the historical debates and present-day political and ideological controversies in Spain. Cover page Halftitle page Title page Copyright page Dedication CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS WRITING SPAIN’S TWENTIETH CENTURY IN(TO) EUROPE The war in Spain Europe’s myths, Spain’s myths The end of Franco? Enduring Francoism: Spain from 1989 to the twenty-first century From memory wars to history wars: revisionism in the twenty-first-century Academy in Spain In defence of history: interrogating Francoism Notes PART I THE ENDURANCE OF THE OLD REGIME: STRUCTURES, MENTALITIES AND EVERYDAY LIFE CHAPTER 1 TWENTIETH-CENTURY CATHOLICISMS: RELIGION AS PRISON, AS HAVEN, AS ‘CLAMP’ The Restoration monarchy: roles, uses and meanings of Catholicism The 1930s: secularization and Catholic mobilization Religion and civil war The Franco dictatorship: continuity and change Myths, martyrs and memory: democracy and the present Conclusions Notes Further reading CHAPTER 2 BUILDING ALLIANCES AGAINST THE NEW? MONARCHY AND THE MILITARY IN INDUSTRIALIZING SPAIN Historiographical perspectives Praetorian politics in Restoration Spain Alfonso XIII: King of Swords Spain’s 1917 Towards a praetorian monarchy Notes Further reading CHAPTER 3 REFORM AS PROMISE AND THREAT: POLITICAL PROGRESSIVES AND BLUEPRINTS FOR CHANGE IN SPAIN, 1931–6 The republican-socialist coalition government of 1931–3 Reform in Spain 1931–3: a clash of projects and mentalities Enabling democracy? The erosion of the left, 1931–3 The ‘logic’ of progressive republicanism: anticlericalism as strategic error? Counter- reform 1934–6: the counter- revolution mobilized, the coalition for change atomized Spring 1936: the continuing fragmentation of reform, the unity of counter- reform Conclusion: the chances of reform Notes Further reading PART II MAKING DICTATORSHIP: DISCOURSE, POLICY AND PRACTICE CHAPTER 4 ‘PRODUCTIVE HATREDS’: RADICAL SEGREGATIONIST DISCOURSES AND THE MAKING OF FRANCOISM Notes Further reading CHAPTER 5 A COUP AGAINST CHANGE: REPRESSION IN SEVILLE AND THE ASSAULT ON CIVILIAN SOCIETY An Andalusian class war Queipo and the myth against change The victory of the elite The pacification of Seville’s worker districts The second ‘miracle of Seville’: economic repression ‘Re-educating’ the masses: the depoliticization of the working class The humanitarian catastrophe in the unofficial capital of insurgent Spain Conclusion Notes Further reading CHAPTER 6 NATURAL ALLIANCES: THE IMPACT OF NAZISM AND FASCISM ON FRANCO’S DOMESTIC POLICIES Fascism, military rebellion and Franco Under friendly ‘infl uence’ The allure of Nazi principles Subjugating ‘parliament’ Franco’s ‘secret legislation’: the beginning The Führerprinzip in action after the Second World War Secret legislation for after a war The primacy of ideology: Franco’s long dream of fascist autarky Conclusion: the enduring appeal of fascism Notes Further reading CHAPTER 7 STATES OF WAR: ‘BEING CIVILIAN’ IN 1940s SPAIN The forging of a new society of victors and vanquished Surviving imprisonment Surviving outside prison The road to the sierra Conclusion Notes Further reading PART III MAKING MEMORY: HISTORY AND THE FUTURE OF DICTATORSHIP CHAPTER 8 STORIES FOR AFTER A WAR: SOCIAL MEMORY AND THE MAKING OF URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL TRANSITION IN 1960s SPAIN Intimate violence, state- building and migration Social memory and the origins of the transition Conclusions Notes Further reading CHAPTER 9 DISREMEMBERING FRANCOISM: WHAT IS AT STAKE IN SPAIN’S MEMORY WARS? Notes Further reading BIBLIOGRAPHIES CHAPTER 10 BIOGRAPHIES FOR A CAUDILLO AFTER A WAR: A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL COMMENTARY ON BIOGRAPHIES OF FRANCO Praising a Caudillo: Francoist biographies Denouncing a Caudillo: anti-Francoist biographies during the years of the dictatorship Judging a Caudillo: a historiographical review of Franco biographies Notes CHAPTER 11 CUMULATIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE WORK OF PAUL PRESTON Books Edited books Articles Chapters in books Pamphlets CODA CHAPTER 12 INTERVIEW WITH PAUL PRESTON CHAPTER 13 PhDs SUPERVISED BY PAUL PRESTON (1) Theses successfully submitted and published, with the title of the resulting book (2) Theses successfully submitted and as yet unpublished INDEX Helen Graham Here Brings Together Leading Historians Of International Renown To Examine 20th-century Spain In Light Of Franco's Dictatorship And Its Legacy. Interrogating Francoism Uses A Three-part Structure To Look At The Old Regime, The Civil War And The Forging Of Francoism; The Nature Of Franco's Dictatorship; And The 'history Wars' That Have Since Taken Place Over His Legacy. Social, Political, Economic And Cultural Historical Approaches Are Integrated Throughout And 'top Down' Political Analysis Is Incorporated Along With 'bottom Up' Social Perspectives. The Book Places Spain And Francoism In Comparative European Context And Explores The Relationship Between The Historical Debates And Present-day Political And Ideological Controversies In Spain. In Part A Tribute To Paul Preston, The Foremost Historian Of Contemporary Spain Today, Interrogating Francoism Includes An Interview With Professor Preston And A Comprehensive Bibliography Of His Work, As Well As Extensive Further Readings In English. It Is A Crucial Volume For All Students Of 20th-century Spain. Part 1. The Endurance Of The Old Regime : Structures, Mentalities And Everyday Life. Twentieth-century Catholicisms : Religion As Prison, As Haven, As 'clamp' / Maria Thomas -- Building Alliances Against The New? Monarchy And The Military In Industrializing Spain / Francisco J. Romero Salvado -- Reform As Promise And Threat : Political Progressives And Blueprints For Change In Spain, 1931 -- 6 / Helen Graham -- Part 2. Making Dictatorship : Discourse, Policy And Practice -- 'productive Hatreds' : Radical Segregationist Discourses And The Making Of Francoism / Isabelle Rohr -- A Coup Against Change : Repression In Seville And The Assault On Civilian Society / Ruben Serem -- Natural Alliances : The Impact Of Nazism And Fascism On Franco's Domestic Policies / Angel Vinas -- States Of War : 'being Civilian' In 1940s Spain / Jorge Marco -- Part 3. Making Memory : History And The Future Of Dictatorship. Stories For After A War : Social Memory And The Making Of Urban And Industrial Transition In 1960s Spain / Michael Richards -- Disremembering Francoism : What Is At Stake In Spain's Memory Wars? / Julian Casanova -- Bibliographies: Biographies For A Caudillo After A War : A Bibliographical Commentary On Biographies Of Franco / Enrique Moradiellos ; Cumulative Bibliography Of The Work Of Paul Preston -- Coda: Interview With Paul Preston ; Phds Uupervised By Paul Preston. Edited By Helen Graham. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. A group of leading historians explore 20th-century Spanish history and historiography within the context of the origins, development and consequences of the Franco dictatorship