Internet of Things Using Single Board Computers : Principles of IoT and Python Programming

Rapidly prototype and program new IoT and Edge solutions using low-cost Maker tech, such as those from Arduino, Raspberry Pi and Nvidia. With a focus on the electronics, this book allows experienced computer science students as well as researchers, practitioners, and even hobbyists to dive right into actual engineering of prototypes and not just theoretical programming and algorithms. You'll learn to interface sensors, work with various communication mediums, incorporate wired and wireless communication protocols, and more with these single board computers. All while working in the popular Python programming language. Additionally, you'll discover both scripting-based and drag and drop solutions for different problems. As well as a variety of useful, data gathering approaches. Then you can apply what you've learned to IoT projects and troubleshooting Industry 4.0 problems. The rapid growth of technology and new development initiatives has made the Internet of Things and Edge analytics an inevitable platform in all engineering domains. The need for sophisticated and ambient environments controlled by tech has resulted in an exponential growth of automation and artificial intelligence. Internet of Things Using Single Board Computers reflects these recent developments while providing a low-cost, easy ramp into the fields of IoT using single board computers and Python programming. What You'll Learn Program Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and Nvidia boards for rapid prototyping in IoT and Edge environments Interface sensors, communication mediums, and wired and wireless communications into your programs and projects. Study practical applications of these low-cost solutions in fields such as home automation, smart cities, electrical vehicle charging, and more. Who This Book is For Engineers and hobbyists working on Internet of Things prototypes and applications. Basic skills in electronics and a working knowledge of Python are recommended. Engineers and scientists working on smart environment projects and smart city applications will also benefit. Table of Contents About the Author About the Technical Reviewer Acknowledgments Preface Chapter 1: An Overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Sensors Sensors Energy-based Generator Conversion Signal Output Analog Discrete Mode of Operation Electronic Sensors Mechanical Optical Electrical Thermal Chemical Radiation Biological Connectivity Bluetooth Zigbee Wi-Fi LoRa Wired Communication I2C SPI Serial Communication Machine Intelligence Active Management Sensor Fusion Smart Devices Human-Computer Interaction Context Awareness Actuators IoT and Smart City Applications Automobile Sensors Smart Home Sensors Smart Transportation Sensors Summary References Chapter 2: IoT Sensors and Their Interfacing Protocols Vision and Imaging Sensors Light Rings Shop Floor and Production Line Inspections Line Scan Cameras 3D Depth Cameras Event/Production Line Triggering Sensors That Measure Temperature Thermocouples Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) Temperature Thermistor Sensors Semiconductor Temperature Sensors Thermometers Radiation Sensors Proximity Sensors Inductive Field Sensors Magnetic Field Sensors Light Sensors/Photodetectors Types of Photoelectric Sensors Ultrasonic Proximity Sensors Pressure Sensors Position Sensors Photoelectric Sensors Particle Sensors Types of Particle Sensors Aerosol Particle Sensors Solid Particle Sensors Liquid Particle Sensors Metal Detectors Level Sensors Leak Detectors Humidity Sensors Gas and Chemical Sensors Gas Detectors Carbon Monoxide (MQ7) Detectors Force Sensors Force Sensor Types Flow Sensors Mass Flow Sensors Velocity Flow Sensors Flaw Sensors Flame Detectors Voltmeter and Ammeter Sensors Contact Sensors Non-Contact Sensors Sensor Communication Protocols Summary References Chapter 3: Programming SBCs Arduino Programming Raspberry Pi Introduction to Raspberry Pi GPIO Access Interfacing DHT Interfacing Pi cam to Raspberry Pi zero w Pi Camera Specifications Pi Camera Access Interfacing PIR Sensor Python File Concepts Spreadsheet Concepts Communication Concepts Socket Socket Modules A Simple Server A Simple Client Wired and Wireless Programming Concepts Connect Wi-Fi Using Python Setting up a New Wi-Fi Network’s XML Configuration Wired Programming Concepts Node-RED Node-RED Features Node-RED Architecture Node-RED Applications MQTT Protocols Google Sheets Programming (gspread) Firebase Programming Matplotlib Getting Started Multiple Subplots in a Figure Alternative Method for Creating Multiple Plots Bar Graphs Grouped Bar Graphs Stacked Bar Graphs Horizontal Bar Graph Scatter Plot Scatter Custom Symbol Spectrum Representation Coherence of Two Signals Cross-Correlation Graph Autocorreleation Graph Changing Figure Size in Different Units Scale Pie Charts Nested Pie Charts Labeling a Pie and a Donut Style Sheets FiveThirtyEight Style Sheet Solarized Light Style Sheet 3D Graphs Plotting 2D Data on a 3D Plot Creating 2D Bar Graphs in Different Planes Creating a 3D Histogram of 2D Data 3D Surfaces Animation Live Line Graph Oscilloscope Live References Chapter 4: Wireless Connectivity in IoT Introduction Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) RFID Protocol XBEE Radios with Arduino Bluetooth with Arduino Arduino with a GSM Modem Arduino with Firebase Cloud Connectivity References Chapter 5: The Internet of Things Through the Raspberry Pi Introduction Cluster Computing with Raspberry Pi Zero W Message Passing Interface (MPI) Networking with RPis for Simple MPI Scripts Simple MPI Programming Types of Communication in Cluster Computing Persistent Communication Broadcasting Scattering Gathering A Simple Web Service–Based Home Automation Using a Flask Server References Chapter 6: Home Electrification and Node-RED References Chapter 7: Supply Chain Management: Industry 4.0 and MQTT Applications Introduction Working Principle Publisher Source Code Subscriber Source Code Summary References Chapter 8: Raspberry Pi–Based Go/No-Go Kit Design Using the RPi Camera and Image Processing Algorithms Introduction References Chapter 9: Programming Water-Quality Sensors Introduction References Chapter 10: IoT-Based Shrimp Farming References Index