International Trends in University Governance: Autonomy, self-government and the distribution of authority (International Studies in Higher Education)

Governance is becoming increasingly important in universities just as it is in the wider world of commerce and banking. Historically, universities were run by their academic communities but as mass higher education has taken root, as university research has become a critical element in national economies and as the demand for more accountability both financial and in academic performance has grown, pressure has mounted for a ‘modernisation’ of governance structures. One aspect of ‘modernisation’, particularly important in many European systems, and in Japan, has been the decision by governments to give institutions greater autonomy, more control over their budgets and legal responsibility for the employment of their staff. International trends to introduce greater competition between institutions, to encourage greater institutional differentiation and give greater play to market forces has led to an emphasis on leadership, a more systematic involvement of external stakeholders and a more ‘corporate style of governance. At the same time this has often led to a sense of loss of collegiality, a redistribution of authority and a growing gap between the ‘centre’ and the ‘periphery’ within universities. This book analyses governance change in nine major higher education systems, Australia, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Norway, the UK and the USA, each account being the result of independent research by a leading authority in the field and describes how a convergence of governance structures has been mediated by the historical, cultural, political and social characteristics of the different systems. Michael Shattock is a leading authority on university governance; this study offers the most up to date account of governance reform in a range of higher education systems, an analysis of the common trends and an assessment of their impact on the idea of a university. It will be essential reading for academics, postgraduates and practitioners in higher education. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Contributors Series editors’ introduction: International studies in higher education 1 The context of ‘modernising’ reforms in university governance The Humboldtian model: Germany, Norway and Finland 2 New forms of university governance in Germany: autonomy, self-governance and the distribution of authority 3 Troublesome institutional autonomy: governance and the distribution of authority in Norwegian universities 4 Finnish university reform: background, conditioning circumstances and... the reality The Napoleonic model: France and Italy 5 The impact of recent reforms on the institutional governance of French universities 6 Autonomy for what? The university mission in a centralised higher education system: the case of Italy The Japanese model: Japan 7 Reforming national universities in Japan: implications for governance The historically incorporated model: the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States 8 University governance in the UK: bending the traditional model 9 International, hierarchical and market influences on Australian university governance 10 Academic governance in the US: implications of a ‘commons’ perspective 11 Autonomy, self-government and the distribution of authority: international trends in university governance Index