International Symposium Cerebral Ischemia and Calcium, Held in Prien/Chiemsee, Federal Republic of Germany, in June 1988

Although many books deal with isolated problems of calcium disturbance in relation to cardiac and cerebral function, this is the first to focus specifically on calcium metabolism and cerebral ischemia. Internationally acknowledged experts present recent data and new concepts in an interdisciplinary approach to the subject. They examine basic information on the pathophysiology of cellular events, the damage caused by excitotoxic substances, and the effects of calcium antagonistic drugs as measured in experimental animals. These contributions may help lead to possible therapeutic interference for the prevention of calcium imbalance. Front Matter....Pages I-XV Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Academic Hemianopia and the Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease....Pages 3-6 The Classification of Calcium Antagonists....Pages 7-15 Pharmacological Activities of Calcium Antagonists: Therapeutic Applications and Adverse Reactions....Pages 16-28 Cellular Movements and Distribution of Calcium....Pages 29-36 Front Matter....Pages 37-37 New Methods for Topographical Imaging of Physiologically Defined Boundary Zones in Focal Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 39-43 Experimental Hypoglycemia: Correlation Between EEG Abnormalities and Structural Alterations....Pages 44-51 Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability to Micromolecules After Focal Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 52-59 Mediation of Platelet and Coagulation Events by Blood Flow: Basic Mechanisms of Thrombosis in Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 60-68 Altered Cerebral Collaterals and Protection from Infarction....Pages 69-78 Physical Activity Determines Survival of Mongolian Gerbils from Forebrain Ischemia....Pages 79-82 Immunocytochemical Studies on Some Brain Regions in a Rat Model of Incomplete Cerebral Ischemia. Relationship to Behavior and Aging....Pages 83-96 Effects of Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia on Peptide Neuronal Populations in Different Brain Regions and on Behavioral Performances in Rats....Pages 97-104 Related Responses Between Dopamine Synapses and Astrocytes in the Rat Striatum After Global Cerebral Ischemia: A Morphometric and Microdensitometric Study....Pages 105-110 The Effects of Transient and Long-Term Ischemia on Tissue PO 2 in the Brain Cortex....Pages 111-119 Vasomotor Response and Blood-Brain Barrier Function of Rat Brain Studied in a Closed Cranial Window Preparation....Pages 120-123 Regional Cerebral Blood Flow After Cryoinjury of the Rabbit Brain....Pages 124-128 Front Matter....Pages 129-129 Calcium Antagonists in Brain Ischemia — Experimental Observations....Pages 131-138 In Vivo Fluorometric Measurement of Changes in Cytosolic Free Calcium from the Cat Cortex During Anoxia, Ischemia, and Postischemic Reperfusion....Pages 139-149 Calcium Antagonists and a Rapid Shift of Water from Extracellular to Intracellular Space After Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 150-154 A Fluorometric Technique for the In Vivo Measurement of Intracellular Calcium....Pages 155-161 Front Matter....Pages 129-129 Calcium Movements in Brain During Failure of Energy Metabolism....Pages 162-168 Glutamate Antagonism as a Pharmacological Approach to Prevent Calcium Influx in Focal Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 169-176 Calcium Antagonists and Experimental Focal Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 177-186 Effect of Calcium Antagonists on Cerebral Blood Flow, Protein Synthesis, and Histopathology After Global Ischemia of Gerbil Brain....Pages 187-195 The Effects of a Dihydropyridine Calcium Antagonist on Cerebral Blood Flow with and without Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion....Pages 196-205 Nimodipine Binding in Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 206-209 Calcium Overload and Brain Damage in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: Prevention by Nimodipine and by Parathyroidectomy....Pages 210-214 Neurotransmitters and Calcium During Hypoxia....Pages 215-222 Protective Effects of Calcium Antagonists Against Brain Damage Caused by Ischemia....Pages 223-231 Ultrastructural Calcium Cytochemistry in the Study of Ischemic Brain Injury....Pages 232-239 Roles of Calcium-Activated Enzymic Reactions in Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Injury....Pages 240-244 The Effects of Experimental Anoxia on Glycolysis, Energy Status, Cytosolic Free Calcium, and Glutamate Release from Isolated Nerve Terminals....Pages 245-256 Ionized Free Calcium Concentration and Deformability in Platelets....Pages 257-265 Calcium 45 Accumulation in the Dentate Hilus: Possible Effect of NMDA Receptor Blockers....Pages 266-273 Vascular and Direct Effects on Cerebral Energy Metabolism of Emopamil....Pages 274-281 Cytoprotective Characteristics of Dihydropyridine Calcium Antagonists in a Rat Model of Stroke: Implications for Clinical Trials....Pages 282-291 Effect of Diltiazem on the Cortical Microcirculation in Acutely Produced Cerebral Ischemia in Cats....Pages 292-298 Comparison of the Effects of Flunarizine and Nimodipine on Cerebral and Temporal Arteries with Comments on Their Clinical Use in Cerebrovascular Disorders....Pages 299-306 The Effect of Calcium Antagonists in Experimental Atherosclerosis, the Underlying Cause of Heart and Cerebral Vascular Diseases....Pages 307-312 Thrombosis on Stenosis: Mechanisms of Thrombus Growth and Embolization on Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques....Pages 313-322 Front Matter....Pages 129-129 Suppression of Brain and Adrenal Gland Arteriosclerosis by Calcium Antagonism in Hypertensive Rats (Skelton Hypertension)....Pages 323-327 Extracellular Ion Activities During Ischemia and Reperfusion of the Rat Brain: Influences of Drugs....Pages 328-336 Front Matter....Pages 337-337 Density of Functioning Cerebral Capillaries in Stroke Patients, Determined by PET....Pages 339-349 Nimodipine Clinical Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke....Pages 350-357 Nimodipine in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Controlled Trial....Pages 358-361 Calcium Blocker Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke....Pages 362-366 A Pilot Study of Nicardipine for Acute Ischemic Stroke. The Nicardipine Study Group....Pages 367-372 An Open Study with Intravenous Application of Flunarizine in Acute Stroke....Pages 373-377 CBF Decreases in Ischemic Areas After Calcium Antagonist Treatment in Acute Stroke....Pages 378-383 The Effect of Nimodipine on ICP and CBF in the Awake Patient....Pages 384-388 Front Matter....Pages 389-389 Calcium Entry Blockers in Migraine: The State of the Art....Pages 391-397 Nimodipine, a Calcium Entry Blocker, Platelets, and Migraine....Pages 398-402 Treatment of Acute Migraine Attacks with Intravenous Flunarizine....Pages 403-409 Treatment of Migraine and Cluster Headache with Calcium Antagonists....Pages 410-418 Calcium Entry Blockers in Migraine Prophylaxis — A Critical Review of Therapeutic Trials....Pages 419-425 Front Matter....Pages 427-427 Calcium, Neuronal Hyperexcitability, and Ischemic Neuronal Injury....Pages 429-439 Calcium Accumulation in Ischemia and Seizures: Cause or Result of Cell Death?....Pages 440-448 Aspects of Calcium Ions in Cortical Spreading Depression....Pages 449-457 Depression of Focal and Generalized Tonic-Clonic Epileptic Activity by the Organic Calcium Antagonist Verapamil....Pages 458-461 Flunarizine, a Useful Adjuvant for Therapy-Resistant Epilepsy Patients....Pages 462-469 Front Matter....Pages 427-427 Review of Flunarizine in Epilepsy....Pages 470-479 Front Matter....Pages 481-481 The Effects of Flunarizine on Survival Following Prolonged Cerebral Ischemia in the Gerbil....Pages 483-493 Cerebroprotective Effects of a Parenteral Flunarizine Formulation....Pages 494-500 Studies on the Efficacy and Mechanism of Action of a Calcium Blocker After Global Ischemia....Pages 501-508 Calcium Antagonists in Acute Cerebral Damage: Therapy or Risk for the Brain?....Pages 509-518 Front Matter....Pages 519-519 Calcium Channel Blockade in Cerebral Vasospasm....Pages 521-526 Cerebral Ischemia Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage — The Efficacy of Nimodipine as Therapy....Pages 527-546 Treatment of Symptomatic Cerebral Vasospasm After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Intraarterial Perfusion with Nimodipine....Pages 547-555 Effect of Nimodipine on CO 2 Reactivity of Patients with Normal and Spastic Basal Cerebral Arteries: A Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound Study....Pages 556-562 Treatment of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with Oral Nimodipine: Preliminary Report of the British Aneurysm Trial....Pages 563-567 Front Matter....Pages 569-569 Impaired Calcium Homeostasis and Calcium Antagonists in Muscle Diseases....Pages 571-578 Back Matter....Pages 579-588