International Review of Research in Mental Retardation, Volume 29 (International Review of Research in Mental Retardation)

International Review of Research in Mental Retardation is an ongoing scholarly look at research into the causes, effects, classification systems, syndromes, etc. of mental retardation. Contributors come from wide-ranging perspectives, including genetics, psychology, education, and other health and behavioral sciences. Cover; Contents; Contributors; Preface; Chapter 1. Behavioral Phenotypes: Going Beyond the Two-Group Approach; I. How do Persons with Mental Retardation Differ from One Another?; II. Behavioral Phenotypes: Current Definitions and Findings; III. The Future: Five Unresolved Issues; IV. Conclusions; References; Chapter 2. Prenatal Drug Exposure and Mental Retardation; I. Introduction; II. Findings from Early Prenatal Cocaine Exposure Studies; III. Direct and Indirect Pathways; IV. Current Findings; V. Prenatal Drug Exposure and the Etiology of Mental Retardation; VI. Conclusions; References Chapter 3. Spina Bifida: Genes, Brain, and DevelopmentI. Nature of Spina Bifida; II. A Multi-Disciplinary Research Program; III. Overall Outcomes in School-Age Children; IV. Neural Phenotype of SBM: Relationships with Cognitive and Motor Functions; V. Developmental Factors: A Life Span Approach; VI. Conclusions and Future Directions; References; Chapter 4. The Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Expression of Stereotyped, Self-Injurious Behaviors in Developmental Disorders; I. The BG System: Function and Dysfunction; II. BG Pathology and Developmental Disorders III. Animal Models of Stereotyped Self-InjuryIV. Future Directions and Conclusions; References; Chapter 5. Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease in Down Syndrome; I. Age; II. Apolipoprotein E Genotype; III. Brain Reserve Capacity Hypothesis; IV. Gender and Estrogen; V. Folate Metabolism, B-Group Vitamins, and Risk of AD In DS: A Hypothesis in Search of Data; VI. Conclusions; References; Chapter 6. Precursors of Mild Mental Retardation in Children with Adolescent Mothers; I. Developmental Delays during Infancy and Early Childhood II. The Emergence of Mild Mental Retardation and Learning DisabilitiesIII. The Importance of Early Parenting; IV. Pathways to Developmental Delays; V. Summary and Recommendations; References; Chapter 7. The Ecological Context of Challenging Behavior in Young Children with Developmental Disabilities; I. Challenging Behavior and Children with Developmental Disabilites; II. The Ecological Context of Challenging Behaviors; III. Environtype: The Ecological Context of Behavior; IV. Interaction: Transactional Models; V. An Ecological Model of Intervention; VI. Conclusions; References Chapter 8. Employment and Intellectual Disability: Achieving Successful Employment OutcomesI. Perceptions of Disability Including Intellectual Disability at the Macro Level and Implications for Employment; II. Practices that Promote Successful Employment Outcomes for People with Intellectual Disability; III. Maximizing the Achievement of Successful Employment Outcomes: Future Directions; IV. Conclusions; References; Chapter 9. Technology Use and People with Mental Retardation; I. Importance of Technology Use to People with Mental Retardation Content: Board of Associate Editors Page ii Contributors Pages ix-xi Preface Pages xiii-xvi Behavioral Phenotypes: Going Beyond the Two-Group Approach Original Research Article Pages 1-30 Robert M. Hodapp Prenatal Drug Exposure and Mental Retardation Original Research Article Pages 31-61 Robert E. Arendt, Julia S. Noland, Elizabeth J. Short, Lynn T. Singer Spina Bifida: Genes, Brain, and Development Original Research Article Pages 63-117 Jack M. Fletcher, Maureen Dennis, Hope Northrup, Marcia A. Barnes, H.Julia Hannay, Susan H. Landry, Kim Copeland, Susan E. Blaser, Larry A. Kramer, Michael E. Brandt, David J. Francis The Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Expression of Stereotyped, Self-Injurious Behaviors in Developmental Disorders Original Research Article Pages 119-158 Howard C. Cromwell, Bryan H. King Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease in Down Syndrome Original Research Article Pages 159-196 Lynn Ward Precursors of Mild Mental Retardation in Children with Adolescent Mothers Original Research Article Pages 197-228 John G. Borkowski, Julie J. Lounds, Christine Willard Noria, Jennifer Burke Lefever, Keri Weed, Deborah A. Keogh, Thomas L. Whitman The Ecological Context of Challenging Behavior in Young Children with Developmental Disabilities Original Research Article Pages 229-260 Anita A. Scarborough, Kenneth K. Poon Employment and Intellectual Disability: Achieving Successful Employment Outcomes Original Research Article Pages 261-289 Kaye Smith, Carlene Wilson, Lynne Webber, Joseph Graffam Technology Use and People with Mental Retardation Original Research Article Pages 291-337 Michael L. Wehmeyer, Sean J. Smith, Susan B. Palmer, Daniel K. Davies, Steven E. Stock Index Pages 339-352 Contents of Previous Volumes Pages 353-364 Annotation International Review of Research in Mental Retardation is an ongoing scholarly look at research into the causes, effects, classification systems, syndromes, etc. of mental retardation. Contributors come from wide-ranging perspectives, including genetics, psychology, education, and other health and behavioral sciences Presents a research into the causes, effects, classification systems, syndromes, etc of mental retardation. This book features contributions from wide-ranging perspectives, including genetics, psychology, education, and other health and behavioral sciences.