International handbook of violence research / 1

An international manual is like a world cruise: a once-in-a-lifetime experience. All the more reason to consider carefully whether it is necessary. This can hardly be the case if previous research in the selected field has already been the subject of an earlier review-or even several competing surveys. On the other hand, more thorough study is necessary if the intensity and scope of research are increasing without comprehensive assessments. That was the situation in Western societies when work began on this project in the summer of 1998. It was then, too, that the challenges emerged: any manual, espe­ cially an international one, is a very special type of text, which is anything but routine. It calls for a special effort: the "state of the art" has to be documented for selected subject areas, and its presentation made as compelling as possible. The editors were delighted, therefore, by the cooperation and commitment shown by the eighty-one contributors from ten countries who were recruited to write on the sixty-two different topics, by the con­ structive way in which any requests for changes were dealt with, and by the patient re­ sponse to our many queries. This volume is the result of a long process. It began with the first drafts outlining the structure of the work, which were submitted to various distinguished colleagues. Friedheim Neidhardt of Berlin, Gertrud Nunner-Winkler of Munich, and Roland Eckert of Trier, to name only a few, supplied valuable comments at this stage. Front Matter....Pages i-xii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Violence: The Difficulties of a Systematic International Review....Pages 3-11 The Concept of Violence....Pages 13-39 The Long-Term Development of Violence: Empirical Findings and Theoretical Approaches to Interpretation....Pages 41-59 Front Matter....Pages 61-61 Poverty and Violence....Pages 67-82 Ethnic Segregation and Violence....Pages 83-96 A Comparative Examination of Gender Perspectives on Violence....Pages 97-117 Violence and the Rise of the State....Pages 121-137 Holocaust....Pages 139-169 Violence within the Military....Pages 171-187 Violence in Prisons/Torture....Pages 189-205 Violence and the Police....Pages 207-224 Ethnopolitical Conflict and Separatist Violence....Pages 227-245 Ethnic Violence....Pages 247-260 The Socio-Anthropological Interpretation of Violence....Pages 261-290 Civil Wars....Pages 291-308 Terrorism....Pages 309-321 Violence from Religious Groups....Pages 323-338 Vigilantism....Pages 339-349 Pogroms....Pages 351-367 Violence and New Social Movements....Pages 369-382 Front Matter....Pages 61-61 The Social Psychology of Aggression and Violence....Pages 459-478 Emotions and Aggressiveness....Pages 479-493 Learning of Aggression in the Home and the Peer Group....Pages 495-509 Violence and the Media....Pages 511-541 Patterns and Explanations of Direct Physical and Indirect Nonphysical Aggression in Childhood....Pages 543-565 Evolutionary Psychology of Lethal Interpersonal Violence....Pages 569-588 The Nature-Nurture Problem in Violence....Pages 589-607 Sociological Approaches to Individual Violence and Their Empirical Evaluation....Pages 611-656 Youth Violence and Guns....Pages 657-677 Organized Crime and Violence....Pages 679-699 Understanding Cross-National Variation in Criminal Violence....Pages 701-716 Violence against Children....Pages 719-735 Violence in Intimate Relationships....Pages 737-752 Suicide....Pages 753-765 Violence against the Socially Expendable....Pages 767-783 Violence against Ethnic and Religious Minorities....Pages 785-799 Hate Crimes Directed at Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgendered Victims....Pages 801-815 Violence and the New Left....Pages 383-398 Right-Wing Extremist Violence....Pages 399-436 Large-Scale Violence as Contentious Politics....Pages 437-454 Front Matter....Pages 61-61 Fear of Violent Crime....Pages 1131-1149 Public Opinion and Violence....Pages 1151-1166 Groups, Gangs and Violence....Pages 1167-1180 Violence in the Family....Pages 837-862 Violence in School....Pages 863-884 Work-Related Violence....Pages 885-902 Violence and Sport....Pages 903-920 The State Monopoly of Force....Pages 1043-1056 The Monopoly of Legitimate Violence and Criminal Policy....Pages 1057-1077 Freedom to Demonstrate and the Use of Force....Pages 1079-1096 The Right to Resist....Pages 1097-1111 Individual Violence Justification Strategies....Pages 1113-1127 Violence on the Roads....Pages 923-935 Juvenile and Urban Violence....Pages 937-952 Political Cultural Studies and Violence....Pages 957-972 The Role of Elites in Legitimizing Violence....Pages 973-987 Violence in Contemporary Analytic Philosophy....Pages 989-1004 Sacrifice and Holy War: A Study of Religion and Violence....Pages 1005-1021 Violence and the Glorification of Violence in the Literature of the Twentieth Century....Pages 1023-1039 Trauma and Violence in Children and Adolescents: A Developmental Perspective....Pages 817-832 Front Matter....Pages 61-61 Escalation and De-Escalation of Social Conflicts: The Road to Violence....Pages 1181-1199 Front Matter....Pages 1201-1201 Potentials and Limits of Qualitative Methods for Research on Violence....Pages 1203-1218 Strategies and Problems in Quantitative Research on Aggression and Violence....Pages 1219-1237 Back Matter....Pages 1239-1288 An international manual is like a world cruise: a once-in-a-lifetime experience. All the more reason to consider carefully whether it is necessary. This can hardly be the case if previous research in the selected field has already been the subject of an earlier review-or even several competing surveys. On the other hand, more thorough study is necessary if the intensity and scope of research are increasing without comprehensive assessments. That was the situation in Western societies when work began on this project in the summer of 1998. It was then, too, that the challenges emerged: any manual, espeƯ cially an international one, is a very special type of text, which is anything but routine. It calls for a special effort: the "state of the art" has to be documented for selected subject areas, and its presentation made as compelling as possible. The editors were delighted, therefore, by the cooperation and commitment shown by the eighty-one contributors from ten countries who were recruited to write on the sixty-two different topics, by the conƯ structive way in which any requests for changes were dealt with, and by the patient reƯ sponse to our many queries. This volume is the result of a long process. It began with the first drafts outlining the structure of the work, which were submitted to various distinguished colleagues. Friedheim Neidhardt of Berlin, Gertrud Nunner-Winkler of Munich, and Roland Eckert of Trier, to name only a few, supplied valuable comments at this stage The International Handbook of Violence Research: *brings together 62 articles written by famous authors from ten different countries; *describes the long term development of relevant research and addresses current tendencies; *pays special attention to sociological research, i.e. to violence as a social phenomenon; *deals with various socio-structural relations and their impact on violence, socialization and the learning of violence, experiences of violence and violent activities, results of victimology, violence in the public space, and the use of violence by political groups or by state institutions; *covers the whole dynamic process of violent activities: discourses, justifications, and interpretations of violence; *provides analyses based on socio-psychological, historical, political and legal research or with a background in socio-biology or cultural studies; *paints a complex picture that displays an area of complicated research on questions of order, destruction and power