International Handbook of Juvenile Justice

This comprehensive reference work presents an in-depth analysis of juvenile justice systems across the world. The second edition of this __Handbook__ has been updated with 13 new chapters, now covering a total of 34 countries, across North and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East from an international and comparative perspective. The __International Handbook of Juvenile Justice__ is the result of research conducted by a group of outstanding scholars working in the field of juvenile justice. It reflects a collective concern about trends in juvenile justice over the past two decades, trends that have begun to blur the difference between criminal and juvenile justice. Also new to the second edition, each chapter is formatted to increase the comparative aspect of the book, highlighting: * · The legal status of juveniles * · Age of majority * · The country’s stance toward the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child * · Trends in juvenile crime over the period 2004-2014 * · Causes of juvenile crime * · Policing and juveniles * · Courts and juveniles * · Custodial rules for juveniles (detention, prison, mixing juveniles with adults) * · Alternative sanctions for juveniles: home confinement, restorative justice, restitution, etc. * · Differences in treatment of boys and girls This seminal work highlights similarities and differences between the various systems, and will be an important reference for researchers in criminology and criminal justice, particularly interested in juvenile delinquency and youth crime, as well as related disciplines like sociology, social work, and public policy. "This ... reference work presents an ... analysis of juvenile justice systems across the world. The second edition of this Handbook has been updated with 13 new chapters, now covering a total of 34 countries, across North and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East from an international and comparative perspective ... [This book] reflects a collective concern about trends in juvenile justice over the past two decades, trends that have begun to blur the difference between criminal and juvenile justice. Also new to the second edition, each chapter is formatted to increase the comparative aspect of the book, highlighting: the legal status of juveniles; age of majority; the country's stance toward the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child; trends in juvenile crime over the period 2004-2014; causes of juvenile crime; policing and juveniles; courts and juveniles; custodial rules for juveniles (detention, prison, mixing juveniles with adults); alternative sanctions for juveniles: home confinement, restorative justice, restitution, etc.; and differences in treatment of boys and girls. This ... work highlights similarities and differences between the various systems, and will be an important reference for researchers in criminology and criminal justice, particularly interested in juvenile delinquency and youth crime, as well as related disciplines like sociology, social work, and public policy."-- Back cover This comprehensive reference work presents an in-depth analysis on the juvenile justice systems of 19 different countries, both in EU-member states (old and new) and in the United States and Canada. The book is the result of research conducted by a group of outstanding scholars working in the field of juvenile justice. The book reflects a collective concern about trends in juvenile justice over the past two decades; trends that have begun to blur the difference between criminal and juvenile justice. The last chapter highlights similarities and differences between the various systems, identifying three clusters of countries with a similar approach to juvenile justice. In particular, differences are found between the Anglo-Saxon countries, and continental Europe. The former have a more formal "justice" approach, with a strong emphasis on the accountability of juveniles, "just desert" principles, and retribution, while the latter still operate on a "welfare" philosophy. Two special systems, the Scottish Hearing system and the Scandinavian model, are presented as well Front Matter....Pages i-x Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Ghana....Pages 3-28 Kenya....Pages 29-43 Uganda....Pages 45-68 Front Matter....Pages 69-69 Brazil....Pages 71-89 Canada....Pages 91-114 Mexico....Pages 115-134 USA....Pages 135-152 Front Matter....Pages 153-153 China....Pages 155-172 India....Pages 173-194 Japan....Pages 195-216 Front Matter....Pages 217-217 Austria....Pages 219-238 Belgium....Pages 239-265 Denmark....Pages 267-286 England and Wales....Pages 287-304 Germany....Pages 305-326 Ireland....Pages 327-344 Poland....Pages 345-370 Scotland....Pages 371-394 Slovenia....Pages 395-419 Spain....Pages 421-444 Front Matter....Pages 217-217 Sweden....Pages 445-471 Switzerland....Pages 473-494 Front Matter....Pages 495-495 Palestine....Pages 497-525 Turkey....Pages 527-540 Back Matter....Pages 541-549