Intensive and critical care medicine : WFSICCM, World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine

The focus of this volume endorsed by World Federation of Societies on Intensive and Critical Care Medicine is the "state of the art" of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine as well as new insights into basic science, clinical research and therapeutic interventions. Structured in four parts, the volume opens with few chapters devoted to the beginning and development of the WSICCM, to procedures standardization, recommendations and quality of care improvement, with particular reference to the definition of clinical governance, professionalism and ethics. In the second part, the authors describe the practical clinical approach to critical illness; among the topics dealt with, the reader will find monitoring and management of shock states; acute pain management, airway management, ALI/ARDS and protective lung ventilation; the problem of weaning; antibiotics policy, sepsis and organ dysfunction. The third part of the book is related to some special conditions of countries with limited resources, such as management of obstetrics at high risk, malaria; AIDS, blood transfusion and its components. The last part of the book is structured to present some crucial issues of the intensive and critical care arena, in particular evidence-based practice, the role of the e-distance learning for information and the promotion of CME programs; last but not least, trauma care, disaster and natural disaster medicine are also discussed; a final chapter on the Guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) on Disaster Medicine is included. Comprehensive though easy-to-consult, updated and written by world-renowned experts, the volume will be a very useful tool in the daily practice of all health professionals working in the intensive and critical care environment. Front Matter....Pages i-xxiii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 History of Critical Care Medicine: The Past, the Present and the Future....Pages 3-17 The Mission of the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine (WFSICCM)....Pages 19-26 Front Matter....Pages 27-27 Professionalism....Pages 29-40 Ethics of Decision Making in Critical Care....Pages 41-46 Evidence-Based Medicine in Critical Care....Pages 47-57 Front Matter....Pages 59-59 Clinical Governance: Definitions and Recommendations....Pages 61-68 Optimization of Limited Resources and Patient Safety....Pages 69-80 Improving Quality of Care in ICUs....Pages 81-91 Scoring Systems....Pages 93-104 Front Matter....Pages 105-105 Nursing Workforce Management in Intensive Care....Pages 107-117 Intensive and Critical Care Nursing Perspectives....Pages 119-132 Front Matter....Pages 133-133 Central Nervous System Monitoring....Pages 135-141 Definition, Monitoring, and Management of Shock States....Pages 143-150 Plasma Volume Expansion: The Current Controversy....Pages 151-161 Predicting the Success of Defibrillation and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation....Pages 163-173 Acute Renal Failure....Pages 175-191 Front Matter....Pages 193-193 The Evolution of Imaging in Respiratory Dysfunction Failure....Pages 195-206 ALI, ARDS, and Protective Lung Ventilation....Pages 207-218 Front Matter....Pages 219-219 From Surveillance to Prevention....Pages 221-236 Antibiotic Policy in Critically Ill Patients....Pages 237-249 Front Matter....Pages 219-219 The Physiopathology of Antimicrobial Resistance on the Intensive Care....Pages 251-259 Infections in ICU: An Ongoing Challenge....Pages 261-272 Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract (SDD). Twenty-five Years of European Experience....Pages 273-283 Antifungal Management....Pages 285-296 Front Matter....Pages 297-297 Sepsis: Clinical Approach, Evidence-Based at the Bedside....Pages 299-313 Intra-Abdominal Infections: Diagnostic and Surgical Strategies....Pages 315-324 Surviving Sepsis Campaign and Bundles....Pages 325-331 Front Matter....Pages 333-333 The Trauma: Focus on Triage....Pages 335-351 Damage Control in Surgery....Pages 353-363 Front Matter....Pages 365-365 Emergency Mass Critical Care....Pages 367-378 Natural Disaster....Pages 379-390 The Needs of Children in Natural or Manmade Disasters....Pages 391-414 Front Matter....Pages 415-415 The Neuroendocrine Response to Sepsis....Pages 417-433 Blood Transfusion and Its Components....Pages 435-445 Pain Management in Neonates and Children....Pages 447-467 Obstetrics at High Risk....Pages 469-486 Intensive Care in the Elderly....Pages 487-500 Severe Malaria in the ICU....Pages 501-513 End-of-Life in the ICU....Pages 515-521 Front Matter....Pages 523-523 Designing Safe Intensive Care Units of the Future....Pages 525-541 Front Matter....Pages 523-523 How to Plan and Design a Clinical Research Project....Pages 543-561 Back Matter....Pages 563-573 Cover 1 Preface 5 Contents 9 List of Contributors 13 Abbreviations 18 Section I - Introduction and Mission 23 1 History of Critical Care Medicine:The Past, the Present and the Future 24 2 The Mission of the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine (WFSICCM) 39 Section II - Professionalism, Ethics and Evidence-Based Practice 47 3 Professionalism 48 4 Ethics of Decision Making in Critical Care 60 5 Evidence-Based Medicine in Critical Care 66 Section III - Clinical Governance 77 6 Clinical Governance: Definitions and Recommendations 78 7 Optimization of Limited Resources and Patient Safety 86 8 Improving Quality of Care in ICUs 98 9 Scoring Systems 109 Section IV - Nursing Perspectives 121 10 Nursing Workforce Management in Intensive Care 122 11 Intensive and Critical Care Nursing Perspectives 133 Section V - Central Nervous System, Circulation and Kidney 147 12 Central Nervous System Monitoring 148 13 Definition, Monitoring, and Management of Shock States 155 14 Plasma Volume Expansion: The Current Controversy 163 15 Predicting the Success of Defibrillation and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 174 16 Acute Renal Failure 185 Section VI - Respiratory System and Protective Ventilation 202 17 The Evolution of Imaging in Respiratory Dysfunction Failure 203 18 ALI, ARDS, and Protective Lung Ventilation 215 Section VII - Infections Surveillance, Prevention and Management 227 19 From Surveillance to Prevention 228 20 Antibiotic Policy in Critically Ill Patients 244 21 The Physiopathology of Antimicrobial Resistance on the Intensive Care 257 22 Infections in ICU: An Ongoing Challenge 266 23 Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract (SDD) Twenty-five Years of European Experience 278 24 Antifungal Management 289 Section VIII - Sepsis, Organ Dysfunction and the Bundles 301 25 Sepsis: Clinical Approach, Evidence-Based at the Bedside 302 26 Intra-Abdominal Infections: Diagnostic and Surgical Strategies 317 27 Surviving Sepsis Campaign and Bundles 327 Section IX - Trauma 334 28 The Trauma: Focus on Triage 335 29 Damage Control in Surgery 352 Section X - Limited Resource Disaster 363 30 Emergency Mass Critical Care 364 31 Natural Disaster 376 32 The Needs of Children in Natural or Manmade Disasters 388 Section XI - Special Clinical Conditions 412 33 The Neuroendocrine Response to Sepsis 413 34 Blood Transfusion and Its Components 430 35 Pain Management in Neonates and Children 441 36 Obstetrics at High Risk 462 37 Intensive Care in the Elderly 480 38 Severe Malaria in the ICU 494 39 End-of-Life in the ICU 507 Section XII - Environment and Clinical Research 514 40 Designing Safe Intensive Care Units of the Future 515 41 How to Plan and Design a Clinical Research Project 532 Subject Index 551 The World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine (WFSIC- CM) has reached the age of maturity. Physicians, nurses, and many others associated with the field of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine will be coming from all corners of the world to Florence, Italy in August, 2009 to celebrate the 10th quadrennial congress. Every 4 years for the last 36 years, congresses in the magnificent venues of London (1973), Paris (1977), Washington (1981), Jerusalem (1985), Kyoto (1989), Madrid (1993), Ottawa (1997), Sydney (2001), and Buenos Aires (2005) have sig- fied an ever-developing process which has resulted in the four pillars of the field of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine, namely partnership, ethics, professionalism, and competence. The first pillar is based on a stronger interdisciplinary collaboration and a mul- professional partnership in the field of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine. In recent decades, professional activity in medicine has been regulated by well-defined, universal principles, such as the welfare of the patient, autonomy, social justice, and the patient–physician relationship. The second pillar, ethics, has offered welcomed assistance to all these principles in establishing an ethics curriculum.