Intelligent technologies : design and applications for society : proceedings of CITIS 2022

This book is oriented towards applications and perspectives on future developments connected to intelligent technologies. Specifying topics connected to industry, mobility, telecommunications, biomechanics, among others. The innovative character of the text allows relating technical experiences and advances that seek to improve the implication of new technologies at local, national and regional levels, demonstrating the advances towards the different fields of knowledge in the area of engineering. The potential readers of this work would be master and doctorate students, professors–researchers in the field of new technologies and companies connected to the development of engineering. The texts serve to illustrate new procedures, new cases and new techniques for the optimization of systems that optimize social progress. Preface Contents Health Evaluation of Biomechanical Conditions in Infants from 20 to 48 Months of Age in Gait 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Participants 2.2 Method 2.3 Data Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Comparison of Biomechanical Conditions in Persons with Overweight Between 18 and 35 Years Old to Obtain Characteristic Curves with the Use of Inertial Sensors 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Instruments 2.2 Method 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Inertial Sensors Based on Stabilometric Analysis for Postural Control in Elderly People: A Systematic Review 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Initial Search 2.2 Systematic Search Strategy and Document Selection Process 2.3 Inclusion Criteria 2.4 Exclusion Criteria 2.5 Data Extraction 3 Results 3.1 Elderly People Postural Control Diseases 3.2 Configuration and Sensor Variables 4 Discussion 4.1 Sensor Location 5 Conclusion References Graph Strength for Identification of Pre-training Desynchronization 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Experimental Setup 2.1 MI Databases Description and Pre-processing 3 Results 3.1 Clustering of Intra/Inter-subject Variability 4 Concluding Remarks References INFOTELECOM Low-Cost Fault Prediction System for a Rolling System on an Augmented Reality Platform with Cloud Communication 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 IoT Data Transmission 3 Results 3.1 IoT Platform and AR Application 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Nonlinear Fuzzy Control of Position and Velocity Using Crisp Outputs Implemented in a General-Purpose Microprocessor 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 System Model 2.2 System Characteristics 2.3 Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) 3 Results 3.1 Controller Non-linearity 3.2 SISO System 3.3 Complete System Model 3.4 Experimental Results 3.5 Base Speed Control 4 Conclusions References Analysis of a Network Interface for an On-Chip Network Architecture 1 Introduction 2 Embedded Systems 2.1 NOC 2.2 Switching Techniques for a NOC 3 NOC Proposal and Its Parameters 4 Results 4.1 Simulation 5 Analysis of Results 6 Conclusions and Future Work References Credit Default Risk Analysis Using Machine Learning Algorithms with Hyperparameter Optimization 1 Introduction 1.1 Related Work 2 Model Description 2.1 Data Set Analysis 2.2 Preprocessing of the Data Set 2.3 Model Training and Testing 3 Analysis and Results 3.1 Confusion Matrix 3.2 Comparison of Metrics 3.3 ROC AUC Metric 3.4 Reliability 4 Conclusions References Social, Labor and Cultural Integration of Immigrants: A Quali-Quantitative Approach to the Venezuelan-Ecuadorian Case 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Framework 2.1 Cultural Integration 2.2 Labor Integration 3 Methodological Strategy 4 Data Analysis, Triangulation, and Results 4.1 The Categories of Labor Integration 4.2 The Categories of Cultural Integration 4.3 Bayesian Statistics to the Rescue 4.4 Clustering Social Integration 4.5 The Most Frequent Characteristics 4.6 The Mechanisms of Social Integration 5 Conclusions and Recommendations References Study Case: LPWAN Propagation Power Estimation in Outdoor Scenarios, Based on the Okumura-Hata Model 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Modelo Okumura-Hata 3 Proposed Scenarios 3.1 Urban Scenario 3.2 Suburban Scenario 3.3 Rural Scenario 3.4 Software Used 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 LoRa Technology 4.2 NB-IoT Technology 4.3 Sigfox Technology 5 Conclusions 6 Recommendations References Industry Nonlinear Identification and Position Control of a Pneumatic System 1 Introduction 2 System Description 3 Methodology and Methods 3.1 Hammerstein-Wiener Modelling 3.2 Controllers Design 3.3 PID Controller 3.4 PID-Fuzzy Controller 3.5 MPC Controller 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Model Validation 4.2 PID Controller Response Analysis 4.3 PID-Fuzzy Controller Response Analysis 4.4 MPC Controller Response Analysis 4.5 Performance Evaluation of Controllers in the Pneumatic System 5 Conclusions References After-Sales and Customer Loyalty Strategies for Fixed Internet Through the Implementation of Virtual Assistance in the Ecuadorian Context 1 Introduction 1.1 Customer Loyalty and Factors to Be Considered 1.2 The Structure of Virtual Assistants 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Synthesis of Nanometric and Submicron Particles of Titanium Dioxide for the Formation of Nanostructured Films 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Synthesis of TiO2 Particles 2.3 Preparation of TiO2 Films 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 DLS and Raman Analysis 3.2 SEM Analysis 3.3 Porosity Analysis 3.4 XRD Analysis 3.5 Absorbance Capacity 4 Conclusions References Classification of Mechanical Failures in Provoked Ignition Engine by Means of ANN and SVM 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Experimental Unit 2.2 Sampling 2.3 Conditions for Data Acquisition 2.4 Methodology for Data Acquisition 2.5 Obtaining the Attribute Matrix 2.6 Attribute Reduction 2.7 Selection of Attributes for the Training of the Artificial Neural Network 2.8 Neural Network Algorithm 2.9 Support Vector Machine Algorithm 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Hybrid IIoT & Arduino IoT Cloud Platform for Continuous Industrial Process Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Platform Architecture 2.2 High-Cost IoT Communication Peripherals 2.3 Low-Cost IoT Communication Peripherals 2.4 Design of Screens 2.5 Low Cost Cloud Configuration 2.6 Low-Cost Cloud Communication Configuration 2.7 High Cost Cloud Configuration 3 Results 3.1 Comparison of Low-Cost and High-Cost Clouds 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Discrete Loop Filter for Time-Synchronization: An Approach from Design to Real Implementation with RTL-SDR Systems 1 Introduction 2 Methodology: PLL, Loop Filter and NCO Design 3 Results and Discuss 4 Conclusions References Simulation by CFD of the Internal Baffles of the Condenser in a 300 L Heat Pump for Residential Water Heating with Refrigerants R717 and R744 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Analysis Description 2.2 Governing Equations 2.3 System Meshing 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Analysis of the Heat Exchanger with Refrigerant R717 3.2 Analysis of the Heat Exchanger with Refrigerant R744 4 Conclusions References Leveraging Modal Analysis for Multi-scenario Power System 1 Introduction 2 Modal Analysis of Electrical Power Systems 3 Methodology 4 Study System and Simulations 5 Discussion 6 Conclusions References Development of a System Based on an Artificial Vision to Determine the Length of Billets in the Cutting Process in Steel Mills 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Steel Industry 2.2 System Architecture 2.3 System Validation 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Evaluation of the Surface Quality Obtained in AISI 201 Stainless Steel by Fiber Laser Cutting in 2 mm Sheet 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Materials 2.1 Stainless Steel 201 2.2 Laser Cutting Machine 2.3 Rugometer Mitutoyo SJ-210 3 Experiment Design 4 Analysis and Results 4.1 Taguchi Method Analysis 4.2 Selection of Optimum Conditions for Taguchi Surface Roughness 4.3 Response Surface Method 5 Conclusions References Design and Construction of a Prototype Backpack-Type Ergonomic Cutting System with Exoskeleton for Oil Palm Fruit 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Anthropometric Measurements – Test Individuals 2.2 Proposed Model 2.3 Electronic Design 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Development of the Control System 3.2 Range of Movements 3.3 User Satisfaction Survey 4 Conclusions References Roughness Analysis on Concave Surface for Martensitic Steel AISI 420 Obtained in the 3D Machining Process 1 Introduction 2 Material and Machining Parameters 2.1 AISI 420 Stainless Steel 2.2 Machining Parameters of Study Parts 2.3 Machining Strategies for Convex Surfaces 2.4 Machining Tool 3 Roughness Results Over the Study Surface 3.1 ANOVA Statistical Analysis 3.2 Analysis of Variance 3.3 Optimum Machining Levels 3.4 Roughness Prediction 4 Validation and Discussion of the Predicting Equation 5 Conclusions References Environment Fog Collectors Systems with IoT Sensors in the Andes and Coastal Regions of Ecuador Southamerica and Data Processing 1 Introduction 1.1 Fog Collector Systems 1.2 IoT Approach for Environmental Monitoring 2 Methodology 2.1 Study Zone 2.2 Design, Installation, and Construction of the Fog Collector Systems 2.3 IoT System Implementation 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Fog Collector Systems Towers in Ecuador Installed by GICA 3.2 Fog Collector Systems with IoT Sensors and Data Processing 4 Conclusions References An IoT Device for Determining the Level of Chlorine Present in Water, Based on Electrochemical Reactions 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Measurement of Free Residual Chlorine 2.2 Design and Construction of the Device 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Quantification of Contaminants Through Infrared Spectrometry in Naphtha Engine Oils 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Equipment and Procedure 2.2 Selection of Engine Lubricating Oil 2.3 Characteristics of Pollutants 2.4 Optical Technique by FT-IR 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Measurement of Free Residual Chlorine in Drinking Water Using Clean Technologies “Oxidation and Reduction Potential” as an Alternative Technique to the Use of Chemical Reagents 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Development of the Free Chlorine Residual Calibration Curve 2.2 Measurement of Free Residual Chlorine with ORP Sensors 2.3 Voltage Readings 2.4 Determination of the Measurement Number to Perform 2.5 Voltage Readings 2.6 Statistic Analysis 3 Results 3.1 Free Chlorine Calibration Curve Values 3.2 Measured Values of Free Chlorine with ORP Sensor 3.3 Statistical Analysis 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Design and Implementation of a Photovoltaic System for the Simón Bolívar Basic Education School in the Community La Masa 2, Puna Gulf Island 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Beneficiary Information 2.2 Photovoltaic System Calculation Software 3 Implementation of the Solar Photovoltaic System 3.1 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Photovoltaic Energy for Mobility and Building Operation in Unconditioned Equatorial Households: A Case of Study in Quito 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Household Description 2.2 Energy Used in a Residential Household 2.3 Energy for Urban Private Mobility 2.4 PV Production Model 2.5 Modeling Scenarios 3 Results 3.1 Energy Required for Mobility 3.2 Energy Required for Household Activities 3.3 Energy Requirement of the Household for the Three Scenarios 3.4 PV System 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Mobility Estimation of Areas with the Highest Accident Rate on the Cuenca-Loja Road According to the Driving Maneuvers 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Experimental Overview 2.2 Plot Route 2.3 Calculation of Curvature at Points on the Route 2.4 Testing Radius of Curvature 2.5 Calculation of the Skidding Speed 2.6 Calculation of the Rollover Speed 2.7 Braking Distance Calculation 2.8 Classification of Roads: Straight Road, Medium Curves, and Dangerous Curves in Urban and Rural Areas. 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Comparison of the Driver’s Speed and the Limited Speed to Determine the Accident Zones 3.2 Driver Behavior Classification 3.3 Measures of Central Tendency Applied to the Driver Based on the Safety Index 4 Conclusions and Future Works References Efficiency Increase of Supercharged Engines 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Methodology 2.2 Experimental Design 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Power and Load Ratio 3.2 Study Variables 3.3 Results Optimization 3.4 Comparison of the Estimated Values with Respect to the Simulated Ones 4 Conclusions and Future Works References FOC Control Design of VSI-SiC Power Converter for an Electric Traction System 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 VSI Topology 2.2 PWM Modulation Technique 2.3 Design and Methodology for FOC Control 2.4 Modeling of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor 2.5 FOC Control Design Methodology 2.6 Obtaining the Transfer Functions and Constants KP and KI 2.7 Power Losses 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References A Toyota Corolla Hybrid GUI Based on Simulink and LabVIEW for Live-Data Acquisition and Monitoring System 1 Introduction 1.1 Overview 2 CAN Bus in Hybrid Vehicles 2.1 PID – Parameter Identification 2.2 Reverse Engineering 3 Methodology 3.1 Hardware 3.2 Vehicle 3.3 Comparison and Magnitude Adjustment 3.4 GUI in LabVIEW 3.5 Simulink 4 Results 4.1 Validation 5 Discussion 6 Conclusions References Multiagent Algorithm for the Generation of Path Matrix of the Linear System Y = AX, Used in the Estimation of the Origin-Destination Matrix 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 3 Multiagent System Framework 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Public Lighting System Management Adapted to Remote Management: A Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Methodology and Resources 2.1 Proposed System 2.2 Communication 2.3 Gateway Modules Controllers 2.4 Consumption of Energy 2.5 Technical Analysis 2.6 Economic Analysis 2.7 Regulations and Simulation 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Education Monitoring and Adaptation of Assessment Activities in a VLE Supported by Learning Analytic 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Materials 2.1 Learning Activities as a Focus for Evaluation 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Simulation of Synchronous and Asynchronous Generators Models for a Virtual Electrical Machines Laboratory 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Tests on Synchronous Generators 2.2 V Curves 2.3 Capability Curves 2.4 Dynamic Behavior of the Synchronous Machine 2.5 The Induction Generator 3 Results 3.1 Tests on Synchronous Generators 3.2 V Curves 3.3 Capability Curves 3.4 Dynamic Behavior of the Synchronous Machine 3.5 The Asynchronous Generator 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Virtual Laboratory for Induction Motor Simulation 1 Introduction 2 AC Induction Motor 2.1 Operating Principle 2.2 Mathematical Model of the Three-Phase Induction Motor 2.3 Mathematical Model of the Single-Phase Induction Motor 3 Methodology for the Development of the Module 3.1 Compilation of Information from the Physical Laboratory of Electrical Machines 3.2 Simulation Software 4 Implementation of the Simulation Module 5 Analysis of Results 6 Discussion 7 Conclusions References Homogeneity of Engineering Courses from an Assignment Management Model in Virtual Learning Environments 1 Introduction 1.1 Planning Management of Virtual Environments 2 Material and Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Author Index This book is oriented towards applications and perspectives on future developments connected to intelligent technologies. Specifying topics connected to industry, mobility, telecommunications, biomechanics, among others. The innovative character of the text allows relating technical experiences and advances that seek to improve the implication of new technologies at local, national and regional levels, demonstrating the advances towards the different fields of knowledge in the area of engineering. The potential readers of this work would be master and doctorate students, professors, researchers in the field of new technologies and companies connected to the development of engineering. The texts serve to illustrate new procedures, new cases and new techniques for the optimization of systems that optimize social progress