Intelligent Manufacturing and Energy Sustainability: Proceedings of ICIMES 2023 (Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 372)

This book includes best selected, high-quality research papers presented at the International Conference on Intelligent Manufacturing and Energy Sustainability (ICIMES 2023) held at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malla Reddy College of Engineering & Technology (MRCET), Hyderabad, India, during June 23–24, 2023. It covers topics in the areas of automation, manufacturing technology, and energy sustainability and also includes original works in the intelligent systems, manufacturing, mechanical, electrical, aeronautical, materials, automobile, bioenergy, and energy sustainability. ICIMES 2023 Committees Preface Contents About the Editors 1 A Multi-objective Optimization Model for Economic-Environmental Operation of Microgrid 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Proposed Model of Microgrid 1.3 Microgrid Components 1.3.1 Modelling of WT and PV Units 1.3.2 Modelling of Micro Turbine (MT) 1.3.3 Modelling of Diesel Generator 1.4 Problem Formulation 1.4.1 Islanded Mode 1.4.2 Grid Connected Mode 1.4.3 Constraints 1.4.4 Maximum Fuzzy Satisfaction Method 1.5 Results and Discussions 1.6 Conclusion References 2 A Review of Biodegradable Oil Derived from Biomass for Internal Combustion Engine Lubrication 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Sources of Bio-Based Engine Lubricants 2.1.2 Advantages and Limitations of Biomass Derived Engine Biolubricant 2.1.3 Current Status of Biomass Derived Biolubricant as Alternative for IC Engines 2.1.4 Thermal Stability and Low Temperature Performance of Biomass Derived Engine Biolubricant 2.1.5 Literature Gap and Scope for Future Researchers Work. 2.2 Conclusion References 3 Advancing Scientific Research in Computer Science by ChatGPT and LLaMA—A Review 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Related Works 3.3 AI Modelling Datasets 3.3.1 ChatGPT Software Testing Dataset 3.3.2 Human ChatGPT Comparison Corpus Dataset 3.4 AI Approaches 3.4.1 Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) 3.4.2 Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) 3.4.3 Autoregressive Models (ARMs) 3.4.4 Flow-Based Generative Models (FBGMs) 3.4.5 Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) 3.4.6 Generative Stochastic Networks (GSNs) 3.4.7 Generative Moment Matching Networks (GMMNs) 3.4.8 Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks (DCGANs) 3.5 Chat GPT-3 and LLaMA-I Examples 3.5.1 Chat GPT-3 3.5.2 LLaMA-I 3.6 Discussion and Conclusion References 4 An Effective Traffic Guidance and Support for Emergency Vehicles Using RFID Technology 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Background of the Research 4.3 Proposed System 4.4 Conclusion References 5 Analytical Study of the Propagation of GPS Constellation 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 Constellation Design 5.1.2 Ephemerides 5.2 Results and Discussion 5.2.1 30-Satellite Orbit 5.2.2 Ground Track 5.2.3 Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP) 5.3 Conclusion and Future Scope References 6 Angular RxJS for E-commerce Development 6.1 Introduction 6.1.1 Angular for E-commerce Development 6.1.2 RxJS for E-commerce Development 6.1.3 Significance of Study 6.2 Angular and Its Features for E-commerce Development 6.2.1 Angular Modules and Components 6.2.2 Angular Routing and Navigation 6.2.3 Angular Forms and Templates 6.2.4 Angular Animations 6.3 RxJS and Its Features for E-commerce Development 6.3.1 Reactive Programming and Observables 6.3.2 RxJS Operators and Functions 6.3.3 Real-Time Data Streams and Updates 6.3.4 Use Cases for RxJS in E-commerce Development 6.4 Filtering and Sorting in E-commerce with RxJS 6.4.1 Challenges in Implementing Filtering and Sorting 6.4.2 Using RxJS for Dynamic Filtering and Sorting 6.4.3 Code Example 6.5 Conclusions References 7 Application of Artificial Intelligence Method for Predicting of Compressive Strength and Materials Required for Self-Compacting Concrete 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Objectives 7.3 Materials Used 7.4 Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) 7.4.1 Data Employed 7.5 ANN Modeling 7.5.1 Prediction of Material Quantities for Different Mixes Using ANN 7.5.2 Prediction of Compression Strength Using ANN 7.6 Experimental Procedure 7.6.1 Production of SCC and Its Fresh Property Tests 7.6.2 Non-destructive Test 7.7 Results and Discussions 7.7.1 Predicted Output Values of ANN 7.7.2 Fresh Property Test Results of SCC 7.7.3 NDT Test Results 7.7.4 Compression Strength Test Results 7.7.5 Comparison of Compression Strength Results 7.8 Conclusion References 8 CFD of HVAC System to Simulate the Vertical Farm Facility Using OpenFOAM 8.1 Introduction 8.1.1 K-Epsilon Turbulence Model 8.2 Literature Review 8.3 Methodology 8.3.1 Design 8.3.2 Meshing 8.3.3 Boundary Conditions 8.4 Results and Discussions 8.4.1 Velocity 8.4.2 Temperature 8.4.3 Energy 8.4.4 Dissipation Rate 8.5 Conclusion and Future Work References 9 Computational Analysis and Comparative Study on Ballistic Impact Properties of Composite Materials 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Methodology 9.3 Results and Discussion 9.4 Conclusion References 10 Computational Modelling on Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Forced Convection Cooling 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Methodology 10.3 Results and Discussion 10.3.1 Effect of Battery Discharge Rate 10.3.2 Effect of Air Flow Rate 10.4 Conclusion References 11 Computational Studies on Single-Wall Rotating Vaneless Diffuser of a Centrifugal Compressor Stage 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Computational Methodology 11.3 Results and Discussion 11.4 Conclusion References 12 Conceptual Design and Structural Analysis of a Multipurpose Agricultural Robot 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Robot Architecture and Conceptual Design 12.2.1 Transplanting Mechanism 12.2.2 Weeding Mechanism 12.3 Working 12.4 Static Structural Analysis 12.5 Conclusion and Scope for Future Work References 13 Condition Based Assessment and Diagnostics of Transformer in Smart Grid Network Using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System Framework 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System 13.2.1 Transformer Insulation Deformation in Smart Grid Network 13.3 Results and Discussion 13.3.1 Transformer Paper Deformation Under Moisture and IFT Examination 13.3.2 Transformer Insulation Deformation Under DER and EV Penetration 13.3.3 Limitations and Future Scopes of the Proposed Research Work 13.4 Conclusion References 14 Cooling High-Powered LEDs Using an Innovative Fully Automated Heat Pipe System 14.1 Introduction 14.1.1 Efficiency of Hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermoelectric Generator from a Condensate Heat Pipe 14.1.2 Heat Pipe 14.1.3 The Cooling System’s Regulatory Apparatus 14.1.4 Thermoelectric Generators 14.2 Numerical Investigation 14.2.1 Proposed Layout Setup 14.3 Result and Discussion 14.4 Conclusion References 15 Coupling Code for Real-Time Simulation of a Wave Energy Converter 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Code Overview 15.3 Theoretical Calculations 15.4 Conclusions References 16 Damage Identification on Aircraft Wing Using Convolutional Neural Network Based Pattern Recognition 16.1 Introduction 16.1.1 Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) 16.1.2 Damage Identification 16.1.3 Machine Learning (Neural Network Pattern Recognition) 16.2 Structural Health Monitoring Using Machine Learning 16.3 Methodology 16.3.1 Numerical Simulation 16.3.2 Image Classification Using Machine Learning 16.3.3 Components Used 16.4 Result and Discussion 16.4.1 Numerical Simulation 16.4.2 Experimental Results 16.5 Conclusion References 17 Design and Numerical Analysis of Electromagnetic Rail Gun for Defense Applications 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Literature Review 17.3 Working and Principle 17.4 Design of Rail Gun 17.5 Results and Discussions 17.6 Conclusion References 18 Design of Energy Efficient Reversible Full Adder and Ripple Carry Adder for Digital Computing Applications 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Full Adder 18.3 Ripple Carry Adder 18.4 Reversible Logic Gates 18.4.1 Feynman Gate 18.4.2 Toffoli Gate 18.4.3 New Gate 18.5 Proposed Full Adder 18.6 Proposed Ripple Carry Adder 18.7 Comparision with Normal Gates and Reversible Gates 18.8 Simulation Results and Discussion 18.9 Conclusion References 19 Design of Low Power 11T SRAM Cell Using CNTFET Technology 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Brief Review of CNTFET Technology 19.3 Related Literature 19.4 Proposed 11T SRAM Cell Using CNTFET 19.5 Results and Discussion 19.6 Conclusion References 20 Designing of Photovoltaic System Using Matlab 20.1 Introduction 20.1.1 Working 20.1.2 Factors Affecting the Development of the FPV System 20.2 Literature Review 20.3 Designing a Model of 200 W PV Module in MATLAB 20.3.1 Indian FSPV Projects for the 2019–2020 Budget Year 20.4 Comparative Studies 20.5 Conclusions References 21 Development of a Pellet Rotation System for Automated Visual Inspection 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Development of Pellet Rotation System 21.2.1 Rotating a Body 21.2.2 Electrical Actuation System 21.2.3 Mechanical Actuation System 21.3 Working of Pellet Rotation System 21.4 Automated Visual Inspection 21.5 Conclusion References 22 Development of Conceptual Model for the Introduction Stage of Lean Intelligent Manufacturing Using Simulation Model Based on the Identification of the Appropriate Technologies of Industry 5.0 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Method 22.3 A Simulation Analysis Based on the VSM 22.4 Conceptual Model for Identifying the Appropriate Technologies of Industry 5.0 Based on the Lean Intelligent Manufacturing 22.5 Conclusion References 23 DSP Based Inbuilt Active PFC Battery Charger 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Battery Chargers for Electric Vehicles 23.3 Chargers Topologies 23.4 Model Setup of DSP Based Charger 23.5 Result and Analysis 23.6 Conclusion References 24 Effect of Rotor Tip and Stator Hub Clearance on Aero Performance in Axial Flow Compressors for Aero Gas Turbine Engines 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Methodology 24.2.1 CFD Code Validation Study 24.2.2 Solid Modeling of Blade Geometry in Flow Domain 24.2.3 Grid Generation and Grid Convergence Study 24.2.4 Boundary Condition 24.2.5 Solution Methodology 24.3 Results and Discussion 24.4 Conclusions References 25 Efficiency Enhancement and Energy Optimization in Alloy Steel Drilling: An Experimental and Statistical Analysis 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Materials and Methods 25.2.1 Description of the Experimental Setting 25.2.2 Experiment Design 25.3 Optimization of ÄECm/c for Drilling of ST 52.3 25.3.1 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for ÄECm/c 25.3.2 Response Surface Model (RSM) of ÄECm/c 25.3.3 Confirmatory Experiments and Parameters Used in the Industry 25.4 Conclusions References 26 Efficient and Cost-Effective Renewable Energy Integration of Photovoltaic and Hydro in Rural India Using HOMER Pro: A Case Study of Chupki, Punjab 26.1 Introduction 26.2 Literature Survey 26.3 Materials and Methods 26.3.1 Study Location 26.3.2 Data Collection and Load Profile 26.3.3 Resource Assessment 26.4 Hybrid System Designing and Simulation 26.5 Implications, Conclusions and Future Scope 26.5.1 Implications 26.5.2 Conclusions 26.5.3 Future Scope References 27 Emerging Power Quality Challenges due to Integration of Renewable Energy Sources in AC/DC Microgrids 27.1 Introduction 27.2 Integration of Renewable Energy Sources 27.3 PV Systems 27.3.1 PV Cell Model 27.3.2 PV Operating Characteristics 27.3.3 Incremental Conductance MPPT Technique 27.3.4 Fuzzy Logic Controller 27.4 Wind Energy Conversion System 27.4.1 Mechanical Power Measurement-Based Modified MPPT Technique 27.5 Conclusion References 28 Evaluation of Mechanical Properties in Friction Stir Welding of Aluminium AA6061 with Various Tool Pin Profiles at Different Process Parameters 28.1 Introduction 28.2 Methodology 28.3 Experimentation and Materials 28.3.1 CATIA Design and Manufacturing of Tool Pin Profiles 28.3.2 Process Parameters and Materials 28.4 Testing 28.4.1 UTM Testing 28.4.2 Macro-Hardness Testing 28.4.3 Izod Impact Testing 28.4.4 Liquid Penetrant Testing (LPT) 28.5 Results and Discussions 28.5.1 UTM Test 28.5.2 Macro-Hardness Test 28.5.3 Izod Impact Test 28.6 Conclusions References 29 Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Flow Acoustics Over Different Co-annular Nozzle Shapes 29.1 Introduction 29.2 Literature Survey 29.3 Methodology 29.3.1 Computational Setup 29.3.2 Experimental Setup 29.4 Results and Discussion 29.5 Conclusion References 30 Experimental Investigations on Aerodynamics Parameters of Combined Tubercles with Vortex Generator on NACA 0015 Wing Airfoils 30.1 Introduction 30.2 Experimental Investigation 30.3 Results and Discussion 30.4 Conclusion References 31 Fabrication and Characterization of Carbon Nano Tube Reinforced with Alumina Matrix Material 31.1 Introduction 31.2 Methodology 31.2.1 Sol–Gel Technique for Producing Al2O3/CNT 31.2.2 Nano-Composites with CNT Reinforcement in an Al2O3 Matrix Are Consolidated and Characterized 31.3 Results and Discussion 31.4 Conclusion References 32 Flow Prediction Models for a Mini Hydroelectric Power Station 32.1 Introduction 32.2 Problem 32.3 Development 32.3.1 Results 32.3.2 Discussion 32.4 Conclusions References 33 Geothermal Gradient in India—Comparison and Current Status 33.1 Introduction 33.2 Literature Survey 33.3 Geothermal Energy in India 33.4 Methodology 33.5 GHG Emission Analysis Using RETscreen 33.6 Conclusion References 34 Hardness and Wear Studies of AA 7075-B4C-Gr Composite Produced by Stir Casting Technique 34.1 Introduction 34.2 Materials and Method 34.2.1 Materials 34.2.2 Method of Fabrication of Composite 34.2.3 Hardness 34.2.4 Heat Treatment 34.2.5 Wear Test 34.3 Results and Discussion 34.3.1 Hardness 34.3.2 Wear Test 34.4 Conclusion References 35 Investigations on the Influence of Stacking Sequence on the Mechanical Properties of Kevlar/Jute Composite Laminates 35.1 Introduction 35.2 Materials and Methods 35.3 Results and Discussion 35.4 Conclusion References 36 Modelling and Simulation of Electric Vehicle-to-Load (V2L) Configuration Using MATLAB 36.1 Introduction 36.2 Literature Review 36.2.1 Problem Formulation and Novelty of Work 36.3 Methodology 36.3.1 Controller Topology 36.3.2 Proportional Integral 36.4 Proposed Methodology for Inverter Applications 36.5 Simulation Results 36.6 Conclusion References 37 Modelling, Simulation and Analysis of a High-Speed Wing of the UAV 37.1 Introduction 37.2 Geometric Modelling of the Wing 37.3 Finite Element Modelling of the Wing 37.4 Results and Discussion 37.4.1 Modal Analysis 37.4.2 Linear Static Structural Analysis 37.4.3 Buckling Analysis 37.5 Conclusion References 38 Net Zero Energy Building: A Case Study of Jaisalmer 38.1 Introduction 38.1.1 Net Plus or Positive Energy Building 38.1.2 Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) 38.1.3 Net Zero Energy Building (NZEB) 38.2 Literature Review 38.3 The Rajkumari Ratnavati Girls School 38.3.1 History and Location 38.3.2 Structure Design and Sustainability 38.4 Passive Design Strategies 38.4.1 Orientation 38.4.2 Building Material 38.4.3 Ventilation 38.4.4 GYAAN Centre: A Unique Trifecta of Architecture 38.5 Conclusion References 39 Numerical Simulations of the Cutting Forces in an End Milling Process with Process Damping, Tool Runout and Variable Pitch Effects 39.1 Introduction 39.2 Modeling of Cutting Force Simulations 39.2.1 Effects of Process Damping 39.2.2 Tool Run-Out and Cutting Force Modelling 39.2.3 Cutting Force Modelling Considering the Influence of Pitch 39.3 Results and Discussions 39.4 Conclusions References 40 Optimization of Blade Geometry for Two Bladed Savonius Wind Turbine 40.1 Introduction 40.2 Experimental Setup 40.3 Results and Discussion 40.3.1 Effect of Overlap 40.3.2 Effect of Blade Arc Angle 40.4 Conclusions References 41 Optimizing Electrical System Performance with Machine Learning: An Analysis of Algorithms 41.1 Introduction 41.2 Machine Learning Algorithms 41.3 Analyzing the Electrical Data Using Machine Learning Algorithms 41.4 Conclusion References 42 Performance Analysis of a Parabolic Trough Collector 42.1 Introduction 42.2 Types of Solar Collectors 42.3 Literature Review 42.4 Methodology 42.5 Parameters of a Parabolic Trough System 42.6 Site Selection and Load Estimation 42.7 Simulation 42.7.1 TRNSYS® Simulation Model 42.7.2 Pump 42.7.3 Tee Piece Connector and Diverter 42.7.4 PCM Horizontal Storage Tank 42.8 Steady State Analysis 42.9 Results and Discussion 42.10 Conclusion References 43 PLL Based Photovoltaic System of LCL Three-Phase Grid Connected Inverter with and Without SVPWM Technique 43.1 Introduction 43.2 Solar PV Module 43.3 Isolated DC–DC Converter 43.4 Incremental Conductance Algorithm (INC) 43.5 DC Link 43.6 Three Phase Grid Tied LCL Inverter 43.6.1 Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) 43.6.2 LCL Filter Design 43.6.3 DQ Theory 43.7 SPWM Technique 43.8 SVPWM Technique 43.9 Conclusion References 44 Predicting Compressive Strength of Self-Repairing Concrete Using Artificial Neural Networks 44.1 Introduction 44.2 Research Significance 44.3 Specimen Fabrication and Test Procedure 44.3.1 Data Set Development for ANN 44.4 Preparation of Concrete Specimens 44.4.1 Input and Output Data Sets 44.5 Results and Discussion 44.5.1 Network Training 44.5.2 ANN Model Development 44.6 Conclusion References 45 Predicting the Strength Properties of LWC Using Response Surface 45.1 Introduction 45.2 Research Significance 45.3 Specimen Fabrication and Test Procedure 45.4 Experimental Observations 45.5 Response Surface Method 45.5.1 Residual Plots 45.5.2 Effect of Cement, Metakaolin, Silica Fume and Vermiculite on CS, STS and FS 45.6 Performance Evaluation 45.7 Conclusions References 46 Properties, Applications, Defects, and Failures of Magnetorheological Fluids 46.1 Introduction 46.1.1 Magnetorheological Fluid 46.2 Properties of Magnetorheological Fluid 46.3 Applications of Magnetorheological Fluid 46.3.1 Dampers 46.3.2 Brakes 46.3.3 Clutches 46.3.4 Fixtures 46.3.5 Designing of the Prosthetic Devices 46.3.6 Dental Implants 46.4 Defects and Failures of MR Fluid 46.4.1 Hard Cake 46.4.2 Clumping Effect 46.4.3 Particle Oxidation 46.4.4 Fluid Particle Separation (FPS) 46.5 Conclusion References 47 Properties, Preparation, Applications and Handling of Aerogels 47.1 Introduction 47.1.1 Aerogels 47.2 Properties of Silica Aero Gels 47.2.1 Thermal Properties 47.2.2 Optical Properties 47.2.3 Acoustic Properties 47.2.4 Mechanical Properties 47.2.5 Dielectric Properties 47.3 Preparation of Aerogels 47.3.1 Preparation of Cell 47.3.2 Ageing of Gel 47.3.3 Drying 47.4 Applications of Aerogels 47.4.1 Flight Vehicle Application 47.4.2 Aerogels Application in Field of Construction 47.4.3 Cherenkov Detectors 47.4.4 Acoustic Applications 47.4.5 Aerogels Used in Catalysis 47.4.6 Aerogels in Microelectronics 47.4.7 Aerogels in Gases and Liquids Purification 47.4.8 Detection of Harmful Microorganisms 47.4.9 Biomedical Applications of Aerogels 47.4.10 Influence of Aerogels on Superfluidity 47.4.11 Aerogels as Cosmic Dust Collectors 47.5 Aerogels in Microelectronics 47.6 Conclusion References 48 Role of Machine Learning in Sustainable Manufacturing Practices: An Outline 48.1 Introduction 48.2 Application of Machine Learning in Sustainable Manufacturing 48.2.1 Waste Management 48.2.2 Energy Optimization 48.2.3 Renewable Energy 48.2.4 Supply Chain Optimization 48.2.5 Predictive Maintenance 48.2.6 Carbon Footprint Reduction 48.2.7 Water Conservation 48.2.8 Sustainable Product Design 48.3 Future of Machine Learning in SMPs 48.4 Concluding Remarks References 49 Study of Hydrogen Combustion in a Mini Annular Combustion Chamber Using CFD 49.1 Introduction 49.2 Numerical Methodology 49.3 Results and Discussion 49.4 Conclusion References 50 Synthesis and Characterization of MWCNT Ink Using Gum Arabic 50.1 Introduction 50.2 Experimental Section 50.2.1 Materials 50.2.2 Synthesis of MWCNT Ink Using Gum Arabic. 50.3 Characterization Techniques 50.4 Results and Discussion 50.4.1 Particle Size Analyser 50.4.2 Zeta Potential Measurement 50.4.3 UV–Visible Spectroscopy 50.4.4 Electrochemical Analysis 50.5 Conclusion References 51 Technological Reconversion of a Climatic Chamber for the Artificial Rearing of Fruit Flies of the Species (Anastrepha striata) 51.1 Introduction 51.2 Development 51.2.1 Climatic Chamber 51.2.2 Biological Material 51.2.3 Fly Breeding 51.2.4 Adult and Larval Diet Formulations 51.2.5 Generational Analysis 51.2.6 Data Analysis 51.3 Results 51.4 Conclusions References 52 Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation Based Artwork Restoration Using Generative Adversarial Networks 52.1 Introduction 52.2 Related Work 52.2.1 Image Restoration 52.2.2 Artwork Restoration 52.3 Dataset Description and Workflow 52.4 System Architecture 52.5 Training and Results 52.5.1 Experimental Setup 52.5.2 Evaluation Metrics 52.5.3 Visual Analysis 52.6 Conclusions References 53 Wear Behaviour and Hardness of CNT Reinforced Alumina Composites 53.1 Introduction 53.2 Methodology 53.2.1 Sol–Gel Technique for Producing Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Alumina Composite Powders 53.2.2 Characterization of Al2O3/CNT’s 53.3 Results and Discussion 53.3.1 Hardness and Wear Resistance 53.3.2 Effect of Process Parameters on Wear Behaviour 53.4 Conclusion References