Intelligence and Security Informatics: 12th Pacific Asia Workshop, PAISI 2017, Jeju Island, South Korea, May 23, 2017, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science Book 10241)

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th Pacific Asia Workshop on Intelligence and Security Informatics, PAISI 2017, held in Jeju Island, South Korea, in May 2017 in conjunction with PAKDD 2017, the 21st Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. The 8 revised full papers and one short paper were carefully reviewed and selected from 13 submissions. The papers cover topics such as information access and security, cybersecurity and infrastructure protection, data and text mining, and network based data analytics. Preface 6 Organizing Committee and Program Committee 7 Contents 8 Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection 9 The Cyberbullying Assessment of Capable Guardianship in Routine Activity Theory 10 Abstract 10 1 Introduction 10 1.1 Cyberbullying Depression as a Risk Factor for Suicide 10 1.2 Cyberbullying on Social Media 11 2 Literature Reviews 11 2.1 Bullying and Cyberbullying 11 2.1.1 Bullying 11 2.1.2 Cyberbullying 12 2.1.3 Comparison 12 2.2 Routine Activity Theory 13 2.2.1 Motivated Offenders 13 2.2.2 Suitable Targets 14 2.2.3 Absence of Capable Guardianship 14 3 Case Study 15 3.1 Suicide Case 15 3.2 Discussions and Analyses 15 3.2.1 Motivated Offenders 15 3.2.2 Suitable Targets 16 3.2.3 Absence of Capable Guardianship 17 4 A Purposed Capable Guardianship Strategy for Fighting Cyberbullying 17 4.1 Internet Users 18 4.1.1 Cyber-Surrounding Monitory 18 4.1.2 Warning Attention 18 4.1.3 Primary Report 18 4.2 Webmasters 19 4.2.1 Terms of Use 19 4.2.2 Red Box in Risky Place 19 4.2.3 Negative Point Deletion 19 4.3 Police Officers 19 4.3.1 Framework Development 20 4.3.2 Online Patrol 20 4.3.3 Stop Cyberbullying Campaign 20 5 Conclusion 20 References 20 The Hierarchy of Cyber War Definitions 22 Abstract 22 1 Introduction 22 2 Methodology 23 3 The Discourse of Definitions: Cyber War and Cyber Warfare 24 4 Explicit Definitions of Cyber War and Cyber Warfare 29 5 A Discourse Hierarchy 33 6 Conclusions 36 References 37 Differentiating the Investigation Response Process of Cyber Security Incident for LEAs 41 Abstract 41 1 Introduction 41 1.1 People: Governance on Digital Forensics 41 1.2 Process: ISO/IEC 27043: 2015 42 1.3 Technology: Helix3 Toolkits 42 2 Reviews 42 2.1 Crime Investigation and Forensic Science 42 2.1.1 Criminal Investigation at Scene 43 2.1.2 Forensic Science at Lab 43 2.2 Traditional Digital Forensics 43 2.2.1 Focus on Dead Forensics: Static Analysis of Image Evidence 43 2.2.2 Loss on Live Forensics: Dynamic Change of Digital Evidence 44 3 Differentiating ISO/IEC 27043: 2015 Process Class and Activity in Cyber Security Incident for LEAs 44 3.1 Preparation 46 3.1.1 Readiness Processes 46 3.2 Live Investigative Response for First Responders at Scene 46 3.2.1 Initialization Processes 46 3.2.2 Acquisitive Processes 47 3.3 Dead Forensic Analysis for Lab Managers at Lab 48 3.3.1 Acquisitive Processes 48 3.3.2 Investigative Processes 49 4 A Proposed Framework of Exploring ISO/IEC 27043: 2015 Activities to Lessen the Caseload Burden for LEAs 49 4.1 Experiment Design 50 4.1.1 Hardware 50 4.1.2 Software 50 4.2 Toolkit Environment 50 4.2.1 Windows Mode at Scene 50 4.2.2 Linux/Ubuntu Mode at Scene or Lab 51 4.3 Analysis Mode of Exploring ISO/IEC 27043: 2015 Activities 51 4.3.1 Analysis Mode 1: Live Investigative Response at Scene 51 4.3.2 Analysis Mode 2: Dead Forensic Analysis at Lab 52 5 Conclusions 54 Acknowledgment 54 References 54 `Security Theater': On the Vulnerability of Classifiers to Exploratory Attacks 56 1 Introduction 56 2 Related Work on Exploratory Attacks on Machine Learning Based Classifiers 59 3 Data Driven Attacks on Classifiers 60 3.1 The Anchor Points(AP) Attack 61 3.2 The Reverse Engineering(RE) Attack 63 4 Empirical Evaluation 64 4.1 Experimental Setup 64 4.2 Experiments with Symmetric Defender Model 66 4.3 Experiments with Non-symmetric Defender Model 67 5 Conclusion and Future Work 68 References 69 Network-Based Data Analytics 71 A Structural Based Community Similarity Algorithm and Its Application in Scientific Event Detection 72 1 Introduction 72 2 Related Works 73 2.1 Community Tracking 73 2.2 Graph Similarity 74 2.3 Properties a Convincing Community Similarity Algorithm should Satisfy 74 3 Methodology 75 3.1 The Basic Idea of the Novel Community Similarity Algorithm 75 3.2 The Measurement of Nodes' Influence 76 3.3 The Structural Based Community Similarity (SCS) Algorithm 77 3.4 Properties a Convincing Community Similarity Algorithm should Satisfy 79 4 Experiments 79 4.1 Experiments on Synthetic Data Set 79 4.2 Experiments on Scholarly Data Set 83 5 Conclusions 86 References 87 Link Prediction in Temporal Heterogeneous Networks 88 1 Introduction 88 2 Literature Review 90 2.1 Link Prediction Literature for Heterogeneous Networks 90 2.2 Temporal Link Prediction 91 3 Link Prediction in Heterogeneous Environment 91 3.1 Problem Statement 91 3.2 Notation 92 3.3 Non-temporal Measures Proposed for Heterogeneous Networks 92 3.4 Temporal Measures Proposed for Heterogeneous Networks 94 4 Implementation of Heterogeneous Measures for Bibliographic Networks 95 4.1 Performance Evaluation 97 4.2 Evaluation Measures 98 4.3 Experimental Setting 98 4.4 Results and Discussion 98 5 Conclusion 101 References 102 NetRating: Credit Risk Evaluation for Loan Guarantee Chain in China 104 1 Introduction 104 2 Related Works 105 2.1 Researches About the Guarantee Chain in China 105 2.2 Researches About the Financial Networks 106 2.3 Traditional Financial Risk Management 106 3 Methodologies 107 3.1 Credit Rating 107 3.2 NetRating Based on the k-shell Decomposition Method 107 3.3 NetRating Based on the Directed k-shell Decomposition Method 109 4 Experiments 110 4.1 Data Set and Pre-processing 110 4.2 Evaluation of the NetRating Strategy 110 4.3 Evaluation of the Directed NetRating Strategy 111 5 Conclusions 112 References 113 Information Access and Security 114 VQ Coding in Data Hiding Using Correlated Neighboring Blocks in Security Performance 115 1 Introduction 115 2 Related Work 116 2.1 Vector Quantization (VQ) 116 2.2 Huffman Code 117 2.3 Codestream-Based VQ Information Hiding Method 118 3 Our Proposed Elastic Indicator VQ Information Hiding Method 119 3.1 The Encoding Process 120 3.2 The Decoding Process 123 3.3 Variable Selections and the Encoding/Decoding Process of key 124 4 Experimental Results 128 4.1 Compression 129 4.2 Security 130 5 Conclusions 131 References 131 Idology and Its Applications in Public Security and Network Security 133 Abstract 133 1 Introduction 134 2 Several Definitions Relevant to Identification 134 2.1 Identity, Subject, Object, and Idology 134 2.2 Symmetric Identity and Asymmetric Identity 136 2.2.1 Symmetric Identities 136 2.2.2 Asymmetric Identities 138 2.2.3 Conversion of a Symmetric Identity to an Asymmetric Identity 139 2.3 Comparison Between a Symmetric Identity and an Asymmetric Identity 140 2.4 Comparison Between a Symmetric Identity and an Asymmetric Identity 140 3 Foundation of Lightweight Asymmetric Identities 141 3.1 Optimized REESSE1+ Signing Scheme 141 3.1.1 Key Generation Algorithm 142 3.1.2 Digital Signing Algorithm 142 3.1.3 Signature Authentication Algorithm 143 3.2 Juna Hash Function 143 3.2.1 Initialization Algorithm 144 3.2.2 Compression Algorithm 144 4 United Verification Platform for BFIDs and Identification Systems 145 4.1 Topological Structure of the Platform 145 4.2 Software Composition of an Identification System 146 5 Applications of Idology 147 5.1 Applications in Public Security 147 5.2 Applications in Network Security 149 6 Conclusion 151 Acknowledgment 151 References 151 Author Index 154 Front Matter....Pages I-VII Front Matter....Pages 1-1 The Cyberbullying Assessment of Capable Guardianship in Routine Activity Theory....Pages 3-14 The Hierarchy of Cyber War Definitions....Pages 15-33 Differentiating the Investigation Response Process of Cyber Security Incident for LEAs....Pages 34-48 ‘Security Theater’: On the Vulnerability of Classifiers to Exploratory Attacks....Pages 49-63 Front Matter....Pages 65-65 A Structural Based Community Similarity Algorithm and Its Application in Scientific Event Detection....Pages 67-82 Link Prediction in Temporal Heterogeneous Networks....Pages 83-98 NetRating: Credit Risk Evaluation for Loan Guarantee Chain in China....Pages 99-108 Front Matter....Pages 109-109 VQ Coding in Data Hiding Using Correlated Neighboring Blocks in Security Performance....Pages 111-128 Idology and Its Applications in Public Security and Network Security....Pages 129-149 Back Matter....Pages 151-151 This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Pacific Asia Workshop on Intelligence and Security Informatics, PAISI 2013, held in Beijing, China, in August 2013 in conjunction with the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 2013). The 4 revised full papers presented together with 7 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on information sharing and data/text mining; terrorism informatics; network-based data analytics; and information access and security.