Intellectuals and the Search for National Identity in Twentieth-Century Brazil

This book discusses twentieth-century Brazilian political thought, arguing that while Rio de Janeiro intellectuals envisaged the state and the national bourgeoisie as the means to overcome dependency on foreign ideas and culture, São Paulo intellectuals looked to civil society and the establishment of new academic institutions in the search for national identity. Ronald H. Chilcote begins his study by outlining Brazilian intellectuals'attempt to transcend a sense of inferiority emanating from Brazilian colonialism and backwardness. Next, he traces the struggle for national identity in Rio de Janeiro through an account of how intellectuals of varying political persuasions united in search of a political ideology of national development. He then presents an analysis by São Paulo intellectuals on racial discrimination, social inequality, and class differentiation under early capitalism and industrialization. The book concludes with a discussion on how Brazilian intellectuals challenged foreign thinking about development through the state and representative democratic institutions, in contrast to popular and participatory democratic practices. Cover Half-title page Title page Copyright page Dedication Contents Preface List of Acronyms Introduction: The Intellectual in Theory and Practice 1 Intellectuals and Political Thought in Twentieth-Century Brazil Early Intellectuals 1930 to 1945: Seeking National Unity through the State 1945 to 1964: Envisaging a Democratic National Bourgeoisie and Confronting Imperialism and Dependency 1964 to the 1980s: From Modernizing Authoritarianism to the Democratic Opening From Oligarchy to Republicanism and Partisan Ideologies: Historical Syntheses and Overviews 2 Developmental Nationalism and the Rio Movement Profiles of ISEB Intellectuals The Late Generation of ISEB Activists The ISEB and the ESG Nationalism and the Rio Left Press Cadernos do Povo and Other Popular Pamphlets Later Rio Intellectuals Other Cultural Outlets 3 Nationalism and Marxism in the São Paulo Movement Caio Prado Júnior and a New Understanding Florestan Fernandes, Sociology, and Academic Transformation Antônio Cândido and the Search for National Identity in Literature The Capital Group: Confrontation with Mainstream Social Science The Second Capital Group Scholarly Endeavors under Military Rule: The CEBRAP and the CEDEC Progressive Paulista Journals in the Democratic Opening More Recent Intellectual Endeavors 4 Capitalism and the Bourgeois Revolution: Understanding Development and Underdevelopment The Bourgeois Revolution and the Advent of Capitalism in Brazil Development and Progressive Thought Theoretical Perspectives 5 The Pursuit of Democracy Intellectuals and the State Intellectuals and Labor Intellectuals and Social Movements Intellectuals and Revolutionary Struggle, Resistance, and Revolt Conclusion Interviews with Brazilian Intellectuals References Index "Intellectuals and the Search for National Identity in Twentieth-Century Brazil. This book discusses twentieth-century Brazilian political thought, arguing that while Rio de Janeiro intellectuals envisaged the state and the national bourgeoisie as the means to overcome dependency on foreign ideas and culture, Sao Paulo intellectuals looked to civil society and the establishment of new academic institutions in the search for national identity. Ronald H. Chilcote begins his study by outlining Brazilian intellectuals' attempt to transcend a sense of inferiority emanating from Brazilian colonialism and backwardness. Next, he traces the struggle for national identity in Rio de Janeiro through an account of how intellectuals of varying political persuasions united in search of a political ideology of national development. He then presents an analysis by Sao Paulo intellectuals on racial discrimination, social inequality, and class differentiation under early capitalism and industrialization. Lastly, the book concludes with a discussion on how Brazilian intellectuals challenged foreign thinking about development through the state and representative democratic institutions, in contrast to popular and participatory democratic practices. Ronald H. Chilcote is Professor of Economics and Political Science at the University of California, Riverside. He is a founder and managing editor of the bimonthly journal Latin American Perspectives and is the author or editor of more than two dozen major books"-- Provided by publisher