Intellectual Property : Economic and Legal Dimensions of Rights and Remedies

This book addresses several aspects of the law and economics of intellectual property rights (IPRs) that have been underanalyzed in the existing literature. It begins with a brief overview of patents, trade secrets, copyrights, and trademarks, and the enforcement and licensing of IPRs, focusing on the remedies available for infringement (injunctions, various forms of damages, and damages calculation issues); the standard of care (strict liability versus an intent- or negligence-based standard); and the rules for determining standing to sue and joinder of defendant for IPR violations. The authors demonstrate that the core assumption of IPR regimes - that IPRs maximize certain social benefits over social costs by providing a necessary inducement for the production and distribution of intellectual products - have several important implications for the optimal design of remedies, the standard of care, and the law of standing and joinder. Cover......Page 1 Half-Title......Page 3 Title......Page 5 Copyright......Page 6 Dedication......Page 7 Contents......Page 9 Acknowledgments......Page 11 one Introduction......Page 13 where this book will take us......Page 14 patents and trade secrets......Page 19 patent law......Page 20 patent policy......Page 25 trade secrets......Page 35 copyright......Page 38 trademarks......Page 44 property rules and liability rules......Page 50 the patent incentive......Page 54 deterring infringement......Page 57 implications of the simple model......Page 59 identifying the patentee's injury......Page 61 implications of the basic model for patent damages......Page 67 further refinements to the model......Page 69 challenging the but-for causation standard......Page 73 extending the model to trade secrets, copyrights, and trademarks......Page 78 conclusion......Page 80 four Departures from the General Theory......Page 82 restitution in patent law......Page 83 statutory damages in copyright law......Page 86 statutory damages in practice......Page 92 the registration requirement......Page 95 limitations upon restitutionary damages in trademark law......Page 96 five Liability Standards for IPRs......Page 108 patent law: remedies are contingent upon the receipt of actual or constructive notice......Page 111 copyright law: liability is contingent upon proof of copying......Page 114 trademark law......Page 116 trade secrets......Page 117 should independent discovery be a defense to an infringement claim?......Page 118 the maurer-scotchmer thesis......Page 120 1. Strict Liability......Page 125 2. Simple Negligence......Page 127 3. Contributory Negligence......Page 130 strict liability with notice or knowledge as a precondition to damages recovery......Page 132 The Relevant Considerations......Page 133 Section 287 and Other Alternatives......Page 136 conclusion......Page 143 six Who Is an Infringer?......Page 144 patents, copyrights, and trademarks......Page 147 an economic analysis of the patent rule......Page 150 1. Trade Secret Law......Page 156 2. Copyright......Page 159 3. Trademarks......Page 163 4. The Internet......Page 164 conclusion......Page 170 seven Who Should Be Entitled to Sue for Infringement?......Page 172 standing and joinder in patent law......Page 174 copyrights......Page 191 trademarks......Page 195 the assignor-assignee relationship......Page 198 lump-sum fees......Page 199 continuing royalty payments......Page 202 the licensor-exclusive licensee relationship......Page 208 lump-sum fees......Page 210 per-unit royalties......Page 211 profit-sharing......Page 213 objections......Page 214 conclusions......Page 218 eight Calculating Monetary Damages......Page 220 the problem in perspective......Page 221 compensatory damages in u.s. patent cases......Page 223 Substitutability......Page 226 Apportionment......Page 227 The Panduit Factors......Page 229 lost profits: toward adoption of a "but for" standard......Page 232 Market-Share Damages and the Death of Apportionment......Page 233 Lost Profits on Sales of Unpatented Goods......Page 234 reasonable royalties......Page 240 cause-in-fact......Page 245 lost profits: some mathematical examples......Page 247 Infringement: The Cournot Case......Page 248 Infringement: The Bertrand Case......Page 251 Infringement: Chamberlinian Behavior......Page 253 reasonable royalties revisited......Page 254 proximate cause: some general considerations......Page 255 the case of the idle patent......Page 258 complementary goods......Page 266 tying......Page 271 nine Concluding Remarks......Page 275 Cases......Page 279 Books, Articles, and Treatises......Page 285 U.S. Constitutional, Statutory, and Other Legislative Materials......Page 294 Other Materials......Page 295 Index......Page 297 "This book addresses several aspects of the law and economics of intellectual property rights (IPRs) that have been underanalyzed in the existing literature. It begins with a brief overview of patents, trade secrets, copyrights, and trademarks, and the enforcement and licensing of IPRs, focusing on the remedies available for infringement (injunctions, various forms of damages, and damages calculation issues); the standard of care (strict liability versus an intent- or negligence-based standard); and the rules for determining standing to sue and joinder of defendant for IPR violations"--Jacket This book addresses several aspects of the law and economics of intellectual property rights (IPRs) that have been underanalyzed in the existing literature. The authors demonstrate that the core assumption of IPR regimes--that IPRs maximize certain social benefits over social costs by providing a necessary inducement for the production and distribution of intellectual products--has several important implications for the optimal design of remedies, the standard of care, and the law of standing and joinder. The Law And Economics Of Iprs -- A General Theory Of Damages Rules -- Departures From The General Theory -- Liability Standards For Iprs -- Who Is An Infringer? -- Who Should Be Entitled To Sue For Infringement? -- Calculating Monetary Damages. Roger D. Blair, Thomas F. Cotter. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 267-283) And Index. Introduction The law and economics of IPRs A general theory of damages rules Departures from the general theory Liability standards for IPRs Who is an infringer? Who should be entitled to sue for infringement? Calculating monetary damages Concluding remarks.