Intellectual Culture in Medieval Paris : Theologians and the University, C.1100–1330

"In the thirteenth century, the University of Paris emerged as a complex community with a distinctive role in society. This book explores the relationship between contexts of learning and the ways of knowing developed within them, focusing on twelfth-century schools and monasteries, as well as the university. By investigating their views on money, marriage and sex, Ian Wei reveals the complexity of what theologians had to say about the world around them. He analyses the theologians' sense of responsibility to the rest of society and the means by which they tried to communicate and assert their authority. In the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries, however, their claims to authority were challenged by learned and intellectually sophisticated women and men who were active outside as well as inside the university and who used the vernacular - an important phenomenon in the development of the intellectual culture of medieval Europe"-- Provided by publisher. Cover ......Page 1 Intellectual Culture in Medieval Paris......Page 3 Title ......Page 5 Copyright ......Page 6 Dedication ......Page 7 Contents......Page 9 Preface......Page 11 Acknowledgements......Page 14 Abbreviations......Page 15 Introduction......Page 17 1 The twelfth-century schools of northern France......Page 24 Competition, student power and the emergence of a new career......Page 25 The lure of logic......Page 33 Texts: interpreting authorities......Page 49 Sense perception......Page 53 Myth and poetry......Page 56 Diversity and conflict......Page 60 Towards universities......Page 63 2 The twelfth-century monasteries and Hugh of Saint Victor......Page 68 Anselm of Bec and Canterbury......Page 69 Bernard of Clairvaux......Page 75 William of Saint Thierry......Page 81 Hildegard of Bingen......Page 84 Conflict between monks and schoolmen......Page 88 Hugh of Saint Victor......Page 94 Institutionalization, cultural identity and a new discourse of learning......Page 103 Bonaventure......Page 140 Aquinas......Page 159 Conflict and condemnation......Page 177 4 Communication and control......Page 186 Self-image......Page 190 Generating a need for masters of theology and their judgements in Christian society......Page 200 Purgatory......Page 201 Hugh of Saint Victor......Page 207 Peter Lombard......Page 211 Peter Comestor......Page 214 Peter the Chanter......Page 217 William of Auvergne......Page 220 Aquinas......Page 228 Bonaventure......Page 233 Conclusion......Page 234 Ethic of intention......Page 236 Devil......Page 240 Quodlibetal disputations......Page 244 Preaching......Page 245 Confession......Page 255 Target audiences......Page 260 Conclusion......Page 261 5 Sex and marriage......Page 263 The nature of men and women......Page 264 Purpose......Page 266 Making a marriage: consent and consummation......Page 270 Marital affection......Page 274 Conjugal debt......Page 276 Sexual positions......Page 279 Times......Page 280 Sexual pleasure......Page 281 Marital problems......Page 288 The problems......Page 289 Discourse/language......Page 290 Problems for wife and husband, asked about both......Page 291 Problems for wife and husband, asked about the woman......Page 294 Alms......Page 298 Illicit sex, illegitimate children and telling the truth......Page 303 Usury......Page 305 6 Money......Page 309 Trade and the merchant......Page 312 Justice in exchange......Page 317 Condemnation of usury......Page 322 Justification of charging for credit......Page 334 Annuities: a case study......Page 339 Living with usury: tolerating a lesser evil......Page 361 Living with usury: usurious money......Page 364 Conclusion......Page 369 7 Anti-intellectual intellectuals in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries: a new context......Page 372 Jean de Meun and the Romance of the Rose......Page 373 Marguerite Porete and The Mirror of Simple Souls......Page 390 Eckhart......Page 408 Conclusion......Page 424 Bibliography......Page 431 Index......Page 453 Cover 1 Intellectual Culture in Medieval Paris 3 Title 5 Copyright 6 Dedication 7 Contents 9 Preface 11 Acknowledgements 14 Abbreviations 15 Introduction 17 1 The twelfth-century schools of northern France 24 Competition, student power and the emergence of a new career 25 The lure of logic 33 Texts: interpreting authorities 49 Sense perception 53 Myth and poetry 56 Diversity and conflict 60 Towards universities 63 2 The twelfth-century monasteries and Hugh of Saint Victor 68 Anselm of Bec and Canterbury 69 Bernard of Clairvaux 75 William of Saint Thierry 81 Hildegard of Bingen 84 Conflict between monks and schoolmen 88 Hugh of Saint Victor 94 3 The University of Paris in the thirteenth century 103 Institutionalization, cultural identity and a new discourse of learning 103 Bonaventure 140 Aquinas 159 Conflict and condemnation 177 4 Communication and control 186 Self-image 190 Generating a need for masters of theology and their judgements in Christian society 200 Purgatory 201 Hugh of Saint Victor 207 Peter Lombard 211 Peter Comestor 214 Peter the Chanter 217 William of Auvergne 220 Aquinas 228 Bonaventure 233 Conclusion 234 Ethic of intention 236 Devil 240 Means of communication 244 Quodlibetal disputations 244 Preaching 245 Confession 255 Target audiences 260 Conclusion 261 5 Sex and marriage 263 The nature of men and women 264 Marriage 266 Purpose 266 Making a marriage: consent and consummation 270 Marital affection 274 Marital sex 276 Conjugal debt 276 Sexual positions 279 Times 280 Sexual pleasure 281 Marital problems 288 The problems 289 Discourse/language 290 Problems for wife and husband, asked about both 291 Problems for wife and husband, asked about the woman 294 Problems for wives 298 Alms 298 Illicit sex, illegitimate children and telling the truth 303 Usury 305 6 Money 309 Exchange 312 Trade and the merchant 312 Justice in exchange 317 Usury 322 Condemnation of usury 322 Justification of charging for credit 334 Annuities: a case study 339 Living with usury: tolerating a lesser evil 361 Living with usury: usurious money 364 Conclusion 369 7 Anti-intellectual intellectuals in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries: a new context 372 Jean de Meun and the Romance of the Rose 373 Marguerite Porete and The Mirror of Simple Souls 390 Eckhart 408 Conclusion 424 Bibliography 431 Index 453 In the thirteenth century, the University of Paris emerged as a complex community with a distinctive role in society. This book explores the relationship between contexts of learning and the ways of knowing developed within them, focusing on twelfth-century schools and monasteries, as well as the university. By investigating their views on money, marriage and sex, Ian Wei reveals the complexity of what theologians had to say about the world around them. He analyses the theologians' sense of responsibility to the rest of society and the means by which they tried to communicate and assert their authority. In the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries, however, their claims to authority were challenged by learned and intellectually sophisticated women and men who were active outside as well as inside the university and who used the vernacular – an important phenomenon in the development of the intellectual culture of medieval Europe. Machine generated contents note: Introduction; 1. The twelfth-century schools of northern France; 2. The twelfth-century monasteries and Hugh of St Victor; 3. The University of Paris in the thirteenth century; 4. Communication and control; 5. Sex and marriage; 6. Money; 7. Anti-intellectual intellectuals in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries: a new context; Bibliography.