Integration in respiratory control : from genes to systems ; [Oxford Conference on Modeling and Control of Breathing, 19-24 September 2006. Lake Louise. Alberta, Canada

Like the geological treasures that surely must lie below the Athabasca glacier, some of the answers to key questions about the control of respiration remain buried. But bit by bit, year by year the ice is melting and perhaps in some areas the rocks are starting to be revealed. With a mission to advance our understanding of the emerging th th gems of respiration, the X Oxford Conference was held between 19–24 September (2006) next to the turquoise and tranquil waters of Lake Louise, in the middle of Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada. Since its inauguration 30 years ago in Oxford, the Oxford Conference on mo- ling and control of breathing has been held every three years in locations spanning the globe (a list of past conferences and publications that have emerged is included in the pages that follow). The series has provided key opportunities for respiratory scientists to meet with colleagues, discuss recent advances and celebrate their field. The 2006 Lake Louise meeting was Canada’s second Oxford Conference; the th previous Canadian meeting (the VII Oxford Conference) was held in 1997 at the Grandview Inn in Huntsville (Ontario) and was chaired by Richard Hughson, David Cunningham and Jim Duffin. Front Matter....Pages i-xxxi History of Measuring O 2 and CO 2 Responses....Pages 3-8 J.S. Haldane and Some of His Contributions to Physiology....Pages 9-15 Control of the Exercise Hyperpnea: The Unanswered Question....Pages 16-21 A Peripheral Oxygen Sensor Provides Direct Activation of an Identified Respiratory CPG Neuron in Lymnaea ....Pages 25-29 Environmental Hyperoxia and Development of Carotid Chemoafferent Function....Pages 30-34 HSP70 Reduces Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Neural Suppression via Regulating Expression of Syntaxin....Pages 35-40 Effect of Systemic Administration of the Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor L-NMMA on the Human Ventilatory Response to Hypoxia....Pages 41-45 Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on Carotid Body Response to Hypoxia in Animals....Pages 46-50 Mutation of the von Hippel-Lindau Gene Alters Human Cardiopulmonary Physiology....Pages 51-56 Intravenous Endothelin-1 and Ventilatory Sensitivity to Hypoxia in Humans....Pages 57-62 Key Roles for AMP-activated Protein Kinase in the Function of the Carotid Body?....Pages 63-68 Stimulatory Actions of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) in Rat Carotid Glomus Cells....Pages 69-74 Post-hypoxic Unstable Breathing in the C57BL/6J Mouse: Effects of Acetazolamide....Pages 75-79 Catecholaminergic Modulation of the Respiratory Rhythm Generator in the Isolated Brainstem—Spinal Cord Preparation from Neonatal Rat....Pages 83-87 What Role Do Pacemakers Play in the Generation of Respiratory Rhythm?....Pages 88-93 Pre-Bötzinger Complex Neurokinin-1 Receptor Expressing Neurons in Primary Cell Culture....Pages 94-98 Belt-and-Suspenders as a Biological Design Principle....Pages 99-103 Two Modes of Respiratory Rhythm Generation in the Newborn Rat Brainstem-Spinal Cord Preparation....Pages 104-108 Possible Roles of the Weakly Inward Rectifying K + Channel Kir4.1 (KCNJ10) in the Pre-Bötzinger Complex....Pages 109-113 Contribution of Pacemaker Neurons to Respiratory Rhythms Generation in vitro ....Pages 114-118 Emergent Bursting in Small Networks of Model Conditional Pacemakers in the pre-Bötzinger Complex....Pages 119-124 Brain Nuclei Controlling the Spinal Respiratory Motoneurons in the Newborn Mouse....Pages 127-132 Superoxide Dismutase-1 Influences the Timing and Post-hypoxic Stability of Neonatal Breathing....Pages 133-138 Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities in the Brainstem of Prenatal Mice Lacking the Prader-Willi Syndrome Gene Necdin....Pages 139-143 Consequences of Prenatal Exposure to Diazepam on the Respiratory Parameters, Respiratory Network Activity and Gene Expression of α1 and α2 Subunits of GABA A Receptor in Newborn Rat....Pages 144-148 Modulation of Perinatal Respiratory Rhythm by GABA A - and Glycine Receptor-mediated Chloride Conductances....Pages 149-153 Laryngeal Stimulation by an Acid Solution in the Pre-term Lamb....Pages 154-158 Necdin Gene, Respiratory Disturbances and Prader-Willi Syndrome....Pages 159-164 Quantitative Analysis of the Oxygen Transfer in the Human Acinus....Pages 167-172 Role of Diffusion Screening in Pulmonary Diseases....Pages 173-178 A dp/dt Method to Assess Dynamic Properties of Lung Mechanoreceptors....Pages 179-183 Pulmonary Gas Exchange in Anatomically-Based Models of the Lung....Pages 184-189 Multi-scale Models of the Lung Airways and Vascular System....Pages 190-194 Modeling Structure-Function Interdependence of Pulmonary Gas Exchange....Pages 195-200 Ventilatory Control during Intermittent High-Intensity Exercise in Humans....Pages 203-208 Exercise-induced Respiratory Muscle Work: Effects on Blood Flow, Fatigue and Performance....Pages 209-212 Phase Relations Between Rhythmical Movements and Breathing in Wind Instrument Players....Pages 213-217 The Effect of Two Different Intermittent Hypoxia Protocols on Ventilatory Responses to Hypoxia and Carbon Dioxide at Rest....Pages 218-223 Respiratory Long-Term Facilitation: Too Much or Too Little of a Good Thing?....Pages 224-227 Contribution of Endothelin-1 and Endothelin A and B Receptors to the Enhanced Carotid Body Chemosensory Responses Induced by Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia....Pages 228-232 Intermittent Hypoxia Induces Respiratory Long-Term Facilitation in Postnatal Rats....Pages 233-238 Respiratory Control, Respiratory Sensations and Cycling Endurance After Respiratory Muscle Endurance Training....Pages 239-244 Non-dimensional Quantification of the Interactions Between Hypoxia, Hypercapnia and Exercise on Ventilation in Humans....Pages 245-248 Elevated Body Temperature Exaggerates Laryngeal Chemoreflex Apnea in Decerebrate Piglets....Pages 249-254 Effects of Systemic Administration of Mirtazapine on Respiratory Muscle Activity in Sleeping Rats....Pages 257-261 Control of Genioglossus Muscle by Sleep State-Dependent Neuromodulators....Pages 262-267 Significance of Multiple Neurochemicals that Regulate Respiration....Pages 268-273 Disinhibition of the Dorsomedial Hypothalamus Increases the Frequency of Augmented Breaths in the Anesthetized Rat....Pages 274-278 Major Components of Endogenous Neurotransmission Underlying the Discharge Activity of Hypoglossal Motoneurons in vivo ....Pages 279-284 Control of Ventilation in Diving Birds....Pages 287-292 Evolutionary Trends in Respiratory Mechanisms....Pages 293-298 A Computer Model of Mammalian Central CO 2 Chemoreception....Pages 301-305 A Mathematical Model of pH i Regulation in Central CO 2 - Chemoreception....Pages 306-311 Plasticity in the Brain: Influence of Bilateral Carotid Body Resection (bCBR) on Central CO 2 Sensitivity....Pages 312-316 Glial Modulation of CO 2 Chemosensory Excitability in the Retrotrapezoid Nucleus of Rodents....Pages 317-321 The Carotid Chemoreceptors are a Major Determinant of Ventilatory CO 2 Sensitivity and of PaCO 2 During Eupneic Breathing....Pages 322-326 The Retrotrapezoid Nucleus and Central Chemoreception....Pages 327-332 The Chemosensitive Response of Neurons from the Locus Coeruleus (LC) to Hypercapnic Acidosis with Clamped Intracellular pH....Pages 333-337 CO 2 -sensitivity of GABAergic Neurons in the Ventral Medullary Surface of GAD67-GFP Knock-in Neonatal Mice....Pages 338-342 Multiple Central Chemoreceptor Sites: Cell Types and function in vivo ....Pages 343-347 Intrinsic Chemosensitivity of Individual Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (NTS) and Locus Coeruleus (LC) Neurons from Neonatal Rats....Pages 348-352 Chemosensitive Neuronal Network Organization in the Ventral Medulla Analyzed by Dynamic Voltage-Imaging....Pages 353-357 The Effects of a Respiratory Acidosis on Human Heart Rate Variability....Pages 361-365 Neurokinin-1 Receptor Activation in the Bötzinger Complex Evokes Bradypnea and is Involved in Mediating the Hering-Breuer Reflex....Pages 366-370 Brainstem Catecholaminergic Neurons Modulate both Respiratory and Cardiovascular Function....Pages 371-376 Responses of Brainstem Respiratory Neurons to Activation of Midbrain Periaqueductal Gray in the Rat....Pages 377-381 Computational Model of TASK Channels and PKC-Pathway Dependent Serotonergic Modulatory Effects in Respiratory-Related Neurons....Pages 382-386 Modulation of Hering-Breuer Reflex by Ventrolateral Pons....Pages 387-392 Respiratory Network Complexity in Neonatal Rat in vivo and in vitro ....Pages 393-398 Fast Oscillatory Rhythms in Inspiratory Motor Discharge: A Mathematical Model....Pages 401-406 Burst-to-Burst Variability in Respiratory Timing, Inspiratory-Phase Spectral Activity, and Inspiratory Neural Network Complexity in Urethane-Anesthetized C57BL/6 Mice in vivo ....Pages 407-412 Effects of Hypercapnia on Non-nutritive Swallowing in Newborn Lambs....Pages 413-417 CPAP Inhibits Non-nutritive Swallowing Through Stimulation of Bronchopulmonary Receptors....Pages 418-422 Glutamatergic Neurotransmission is Not Essential for, but Plays a Modulatory Role in, the Production of Gasping in Arterially-Perfused Adult Rat....Pages 423-427 Potential Mechanism for Transition Between Acute Hypercapnia During Sleep to Chronic Hypercapnia During Wakefulness in Obstructive Sleep Apnea....Pages 431-436 Biochemical Control of Airway Motor Neurons During Rapid Eye Movement Sleep....Pages 437-441 Prediction of Periodic Breathing at Altitude....Pages 442-446 A Negative Interaction Between Central and Peripheral Respiratory Chemoreceptors May Underlie Sleep-Induced Respiratory Instability: A Novel Hypothesis....Pages 447-451 Ventilatory Response to Hypercapnia in Pre-menopausal and Post-menopausal Women....Pages 452-457 Oxidative Stress Impairs Upper Airway Muscle Endurance in an Animal Model of Sleep-Disordered Breathing....Pages 458-462 Ventilatory and Blood Pressure Responses to Isocapnic Hypoxia in OSA Patients....Pages 463-468 Modeling of Sleep-Induced Changes in Airway Function: Implication for Nocturnal Worsening of Bronchial Asthma....Pages 469-474 The Effects of Wakefulness State on the Temporal Characteristics of Ventilatory Variables in Man....Pages 475-479 Cerebral Blood Flow and Ventilatory Sensitivity to CO 2 Measured with the Modified Rebreathing Method....Pages 480-485 Naloxone Reversal of Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression with Special Emphasis on the Partial Agonist/Antagonist Buprenorphine....Pages 486-491 The Pulse Oxygen Saturation: Inspired Oxygen Pressure (SpO 2 :P 1 O 2 ) Diagram: Application in the Ambulatory Assessment of Pulmonary Vascular Disease....Pages 492-496 Hypocapnia and Airway Resistance in Normal Humans....Pages 497-502 Disturbances of Breathing in Rett Syndrome: Results from Patients and Animal Models....Pages 503-507 NHE3 in the Human Brainstem: Implication for the Pathogenesis of the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?....Pages 508-513 The Ventilatory Response to Exercise Does Not Differ Between Obese Women With and Without Dyspnea on Exertion....Pages 514-518 Back Matter....Pages 519-541 Comprises the proceedings of the 10th Oxford Conference held at Lake Louise, Alberta, Canada, from the 19th to the 24th of September, 2006. This series of meetings was originally begun to bring physiologists and mathematicians together, in order to address critical issues in understanding the control of breathing. This volume includes the latest findings and developments at the genomic, cellular, and system levels that pertain to the physiology of cardio-respiratory control, including integrative physiology and modeling, central integration and neuromodulation, rhythm generation and plasticity, chemosensory transduction and signaling, pre- and post-natal development, and post-genomic perspectives