Instrumentation : Theory and Applications

Discusses the interfacing of industrial systems involving physical variables, with measuring, processing, decision making, monitoring, recording, networked data transfer and control systems. Based on the experience of teaching instrumentation over the years the pedagogy of engineering education has been adopted, in deference to the approach followed by most texts available. The theory is presented first followed by applications in a systematic manner with a number of examples. An exhaustive coverage of sensors and transducers, signal conditioning including amplifiers, active filters, signal converters, data converters and linearization of characteristics and networking have been included for graduating engineers of all disciplines and use of practicing engineers for self-study. The language, mathematics and electronics have been deliberately kept simple for the reader to enjoy the subject matter. Dedication 6 Preface 8 Contents 12 A: FUNDAMENTALS OF MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION 16 1. Instrumentation Systems 16 2. System Specifications and Tools for Analysis 29 3. Measurement Principles 65 B: TRANSDUCER INSTRUMENTATION 95 4. Sensors and Transducers 95 5. Passive Transducers 119 6. Active and Digital Transducers 181 C: ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION 288 8. Signal Conditioning and Data Conversion 288 9. Telemetry and Networked Systems 383 Appendix A. Instrumentation Symbols 423 Appendix B. Compensation of Lead Resistance by Muller’s Method 427 Appendix C. Basics of Operational Amplifiers (OP-amps) 429 Appendix D. Units and Conversions 438 Appendix E. Thermocouple Tables 440 Appendix F. Journals in Instrumentation Engineering 454 Appendix G. Websites for Data Sheets, Component Manufacturers and Technical Information 455 Appendix H. Answers to Selected Problems for Exercise 459 Appendix I. Glossary of Common Terms 474 Appendix J. Bibliography 479 Subject Index 483 Annotation INSTRUMENTATION: Theory and Applications discusses the interfacing of industrial systems involving physical variables, with measuring, processing, decision making, monitoring, recording, networked data transfer and control systems. Based on the experience of teaching instrumentation over the years the pedagogy of engineering education has been adopted, in deference to the approach followed by most texts available. The theory is presented first followed by applications in a systematic manner with a number of examples. An exhaustive coverage of sensors & transducers, signal conditioning including amplifiers, active filters, signal converters, data converters and linearization of characteristics and networking have been included for graduating engineers of all disciplines and use of practicing engineers for self-study. The language, mathematics and electronics have been deliberately kept simple for the reader to enjoy the subject matter