Inside Improvisation vol 5. Thesaurus Of Intervallic Melodies

David Morrow and Anthony Weston build on Weston’s acclaimed A Rulebook for Arguments to offer a complete textbook for a course in critical thinking or informal logic. Features of the book include: • An updated companion website. • Homework exercises adapted from a wide range of actual arguments from newspapers, philosophical texts, literature, movies, YouTube videos, and other sources. • Practical advice to help students succeed when applying the Rulebook's rules. • Suggestions for further practice that outline activities students can do by themselves or with classmates to improve their critical thinking skills. • Detailed instructions for in-class activities and take-home assignments designed to engage students in critical thinking. • An appendix on mapping arguments, a topic not included in the Rulebook, that introduces students to this vital skill in evaluating or constructing complex and multi-step arguments. • Model responses to odd-numbered exercises, including commentaries on the strengths and weaknesses of selected model responses as well as further discussion of some of the substantive intellectual, philosophical, and ethical issues raised by the exercises. The third edition of Workbook contains the entire text of the recent fifth edition of the Rulebook, supplementing this core text with extensive further explanations and exercises. Updated and improved homework exercises ensure that the examples continue to resonate with today’s students. Roughly one-third of the exercises have been replaced with updated or improved examples. A new chapter on engaging constructively in public debates—including five new sets of exercises—trains students to engage respectfully and constructively on controversial topics, an increasingly important skill in our hyper-partisan age. Three new critical thinking activities offer further opportunities to practice constructive dialogue. Front cover......Page 1 Half title page......Page 2 Title page......Page 4 Copyright......Page 5 Contents......Page 6 Preface to the Third Edition......Page 16 Note about Companion Web Site and Twitter Account......Page 19 Introduction......Page 20 Part 1......Page 24 Rule 1: Resolve premises and conclusion......Page 26 Exercise Set 1.1: Distinguishing premises from conclusions......Page 27 Rule 2: Unfold your ideas in a natural order......Page 31 Exercise Set 1.2: Outlining arguments in premise-and-conclusion form......Page 33 Exercise Set 1.3: Analyzing visual arguments......Page 38 Exercise Set 1.4: Identifying reliable and unreliable premises......Page 40 Exercise Set 1.5: Decomplexifying artificially abstruse quotations......Page 46 Rule 5: Build on substance, not overtone......Page 49 Exercise Set 1.6: Diagnosing loaded language......Page 50 Rule 6: Use consistent terms......Page 55 Exercise Set 1.7: Evaluating letters to the editor......Page 56 Chapter II: Arguments by Example......Page 63 Rule 7: Use more than one example......Page 64 Exercise Set 2.1: Finding relevant examples......Page 65 Rule 8: Use representative examples......Page 67 Exercise Set 2.2: Improving biased samples......Page 68 Rule 9: Background rates are often crucial......Page 74 Exercise Set 2.3: Identifying relevant background rates......Page 75 Rule 10: Statistics need a critical eye......Page 80 Exercise Set 2.4: Evaluating simple arguments that use numbers......Page 82 Rule 11: Reckon with counterexamples......Page 87 Exercise Set 2.5: Finding counterexamples......Page 89 Exercise Set 2.6: Evaluating arguments for generalizations......Page 92 Exercise Set 2.7: Arguing for and against generalizations......Page 98 Chapter III: Arguments by Analogy......Page 100 Rule 12: Analogies require relevantly similar examples......Page 101 Exercise Set 3.1: Identifying important similarities......Page 103 Exercise Set 3.2: Identifying important differences......Page 105 Exercise Set 3.3: Evaluating arguments by analogy......Page 106 Exercise Set 3.4: Constructing arguments by analogy......Page 112 Rule 13: Cite your sources......Page 116 Rule 14: Seek informed sources......Page 117 Rule 15: Seek impartial sources......Page 119 Exercise Set 4.1: Identifying biased sources......Page 120 Rule 16: Cross-check sources......Page 123 Exercise Set 4.2: Identifying independent sources......Page 124 Rule 17: Build your Internet savvy......Page 126 Exercise Set 4.3: Evaluating arguments that use sources......Page 128 Exercise Set 4.4: Using sources in arguments......Page 134 Rule 18: Causal arguments start with correlations......Page 137 Rule 19: Correlations may have alternative explanations......Page 138 Exercise Set 5.1: Brainstorming explanations for correlations......Page 139 Rule 20: Work toward the most likely explanation......Page 143 Exercise Set 5.2: Identifying the most likely explanation......Page 144 Rule 21: Expect complexity......Page 146 Exercise Set 5.3: Evaluating arguments about causes......Page 147 Exercise Set 5.4: Constructing arguments about causes......Page 153 Chapter VI: Deductive Arguments......Page 156 Rule 23: Modus tollens......Page 157 Rule 24: Hypothetical syllogism......Page 158 Rule 25: Disjunctive syllogism......Page 159 Rule 26: Dilemma......Page 160 Exercise Set 6.1: Identifying deductive argument forms......Page 161 Exercise Set 6.2: Identifying deductive arguments in more complex passages......Page 166 Exercise Set 6.3: Drawing conclusions with deductive arguments......Page 171 Rule 27: Reductio ad absurdum......Page 174 Exercise Set 6.4: Working with reductio ad absurdum......Page 175 Rule 28: Deductive arguments in multiple steps......Page 181 Exercise Set 6.5: Identifying deductive arguments in several steps......Page 184 Rule 29: Explore the issue......Page 190 Exercise Set 7.1: Identifying possible positions......Page 191 Exercise Set 7.2: Exploring issues of your choice......Page 193 Rule 30: Spell out basic ideas as arguments......Page 194 Exercise Set 7.3: Sketching arguments for and against positions......Page 196 Exercise Set 7.4: Sketching arguments about your own topic......Page 198 Rule 31: Defend basic premises with arguments of their own......Page 199 Exercise Set 7.5: Developing arguments in more detail......Page 201 Exercise Set 7.6: Developing your own arguments......Page 205 Rule 32: Reckon with objections......Page 206 Exercise Set 7.7: Working out objections......Page 207 Rule 33: Explore alternatives......Page 209 Exercise Set 7.9: Brainstorming alternatives......Page 211 Exercise Set 7.10: Considering alternatives to your own conclusions......Page 215 Rule 34: Jump right in......Page 217 Exercise Set 8.1: Writing good leads......Page 218 Rule 35: Urge a definite claim or proposal......Page 223 Exercise Set 8.2: Making definite claims and proposals......Page 224 Rule 36: Your argument is your outline......Page 226 Exercise Set 8.3: Writing out your arguments......Page 227 Rule 37: Detail objections and meet them......Page 230 Exercise Set 8.4: Detailing and meeting objections......Page 231 Exercise Set 8.5: Considering objections to your own arguments......Page 237 Rule 38: Seek feedback and use it......Page 238 Rule 39: Modesty, please!......Page 239 Rule 40: Ask for a hearing......Page 240 Exercise Set 9.1: Reaching out to your audience......Page 241 Rule 41: Be fully present......Page 243 Rule 42: Signpost energetically......Page 244 Exercise Set 9.2: Signposting your own arguments......Page 245 Rule 43: Hew your visuals to your argument......Page 247 Exercise Set 9.3: Ending in style......Page 248 Exercise Set 9.4: Evaluating oral presentations......Page 250 Rule 45: Do argument proud......Page 252 Rule 46: Listen, learn, leverage......Page 253 Exercise Set 10.1: Listening even when it hurts......Page 254 Exercise Set 10.2: Preparing for dialogue......Page 261 Exercise Set 10.3: Reframing arguments in a positive way......Page 264 Rule 48: Work from common ground......Page 270 Exercise Set 10.4: Finding common ground......Page 271 Rule 49: At least be civil......Page 281 Rule 50: Leave them thinking when you go......Page 282 Exercise Set 10.5: Posing good questions......Page 284 Appendix I: Some Common Fallacies......Page 287 Exercise Set 11.1: Identifying fallacies (part 1)......Page 293 Exercise Set 11.2: Reinterpreting and revising fallacious arguments (part 1)......Page 299 Exercise Set 11.3: Identifying fallacies (part 2)......Page 303 Exercise Set 11.4: Reinterpreting and revising fallacious arguments (part 2)......Page 308 Exercise Set 11.5: Two deductive fallacies......Page 311 Exercise Set 11.6: Constructing fallacious arguments......Page 315 Rule D1: When terms are unclear, get specific......Page 318 Exercise Set 12.1: Making definitions more precise......Page 320 Rule D2: When terms are contested, work from the clear cases......Page 324 Exercise Set 12.2: Starting from clear cases......Page 325 Rule D3: Definitions don’t replace arguments......Page 328 Appendix III: Argument Mapping......Page 330 Exercise Set 13.1: Mapping simple arguments......Page 335 Exercise Set 13.2: Mapping complex arguments......Page 340 Part 2......Page 348 Model responses for Exercise Set 1.1......Page 350 Model responses for Exercise Set 1.2......Page 353 Model responses for Exercise Set 1.4......Page 356 Model responses for Exercise Set 1.5......Page 361 Model responses for Exercise Set 1.6......Page 362 Model responses for Exercise Set 1.7......Page 364 Model responses for Exercise Set 2.1......Page 370 Model responses for Exercise Set 2.2......Page 372 Model responses for Exercise Set 2.3......Page 375 Model responses for Exercise Set 2.4......Page 378 Model responses for Exercise Set 2.5......Page 382 Model responses for Exercise Set 2.6......Page 384 Model responses for Exercise Set 2.7......Page 388 Model responses for Exercise Set 3.1......Page 392 Model responses for Exercise Set 3.2......Page 395 Model responses for Exercise Set 3.3......Page 397 Model responses for Exercise Set 3.4......Page 403 Model responses for Exercise Set 4.1......Page 405 Model responses for Exercise Set 4.2......Page 407 Model responses for Exercise Set 4.3......Page 409 Model responses for Exercise Set 4.4......Page 412 Model responses for Exercise Set 5.1......Page 414 Model responses for Exercise Set 5.2......Page 416 Model responses for Exercise Set 5.3......Page 419 Model responses for Exercise Set 5.4......Page 424 Model responses for Exercise Set 6.1......Page 427 Model responses for Exercise Set 6.2......Page 429 Model responses for Exercise Set 6.3......Page 431 Model responses for Exercise Set 6.4......Page 434 Model responses for Exercise Set 6.5......Page 438 Model responses for Exercise Set 7.1......Page 441 Model responses for Exercise Set 7.3......Page 443 Model responses for Exercise Set 7.5......Page 447 Model responses for Exercise Set 7.7......Page 449 Model responses for Exercise Set 7.9......Page 452 Model responses for Exercise Set 8.1......Page 455 Model responses for Exercise Set 8.2......Page 457 Model responses for Exercise Set 8.4......Page 460 Model responses for Exercise Set 9.1......Page 464 Model responses for Exercise Set 9.3......Page 467 Model responses for Exercise Set 9.4......Page 468 Model responses for Exercise Set 10.1......Page 469 Model responses for Exercise Set 10.2......Page 472 Model responses for Exercise Set 10.3......Page 477 Model responses for Exercise Set 10.4......Page 482 Model responses for Exercise Set 10.5......Page 485 Model responses for Exercise Set 11.1......Page 489 Model responses for Exercise Set 11.2......Page 492 Model responses for Exercise Set 11.3......Page 494 Model responses for Exercise Set 11.4......Page 497 Model responses for Exercise Set 11.5......Page 499 Model responses for Exercise Set 11.6......Page 501 Model responses for Exercise Set 12.1......Page 504 Model responses for Exercise Set 12.2......Page 510 Model responses for Exercise Set 13.1......Page 513 Model responses for Exercise Set 13.2......Page 517 Part 3......Page 524 Found arguments......Page 526 Creating a visual argument......Page 527 Writing a letter to the editor......Page 528 Analyzing unadapted arguments......Page 529 Reconstructing scientific reasoning......Page 535 Activities for Chapter II......Page 536 Finding misleading statistics......Page 544 Generalizations about your classroom......Page 545 Using analogies to understandunusual objects......Page 546 Using analogies in ethical reasoning......Page 547 Recognizing reliable Web sources......Page 548 Finding good sources......Page 549 Bluffing about causal explanations......Page 550 Recognizing deductive argument forms......Page 551 Compiling your research into an extended outline......Page 556 Improving a sample paper......Page 557 Compiling a draft of an argumentative essay......Page 560 Peer-review workshop......Page 561 Writing opening lines......Page 564 Creating a visual aid......Page 565 Oral presentations......Page 566 Unpopular opinions......Page 567 In-class debates......Page 568 Extended in-class group debates......Page 570 Best of enemies......Page 572 Constructive debate with outside partners......Page 573 Relating rules and fallacies......Page 575 Identifying, reinterpreting, and revising fallacies......Page 577 Critical-thinking public service announcements......Page 578 Defining key terms in an essay......Page 579 Defining difficult terms......Page 580 Argument mapping workshop......Page 581 Developing your own arguments using argument maps......Page 582 Index......Page 584 David Morrow and Anthony Weston build on Weston's acclaimed A Rulebook for Arguments to offer a complete textbook for a course in critical thinking or informal logic. Features of the book include: Homework exercises adapted from a wide range of actual arguments from newspapers, philosophical texts, literature, movies, YouTube videos, and other sources. Practical advice to help students succeed when applying the Rulebook 's rules. Suggestions for further practice that outline activities students can do by themselves or with classmates to improve their critical thinking skills. Detailed instructions for in-class activities and take-home assignments designed to engage students in critical thinking. An appendix on mapping arguments, a topic not included in the Rulebook , that introduces students to this vital skill in evaluating or constructing complex and multi-step arguments. Model responses to odd-numbered exercises, including commentaries on the strengths and weaknesses of selected model responses as well as further discussion of some of the substantive intellectual, philosophical, and ethical issues raised by the exercises. The third edition of Workbook contains the entire text of the recent fifth edition of the Rulebook , supplementing this core text with extensive further explanations and exercises. Updated and improved homework exercises ensure that the examples continue to resonate with today's students. Roughly one-third of the exercises have been replaced with updated or improved examples. A new chapter on engaging constructively in public debates —including five new sets of exercises—trains students to engage respectfully and constructively on controversial topics, an increasingly important skill in our hyper-partisan age. Three new critical thinking activities offer further opportunities to practice constructive dialogue.