Inorganic-Organic Composites for Water and Wastewater Treatment: Volume 2 (Environmental Footprints and Eco-design of Products and Processes)

This second volume on ''Inorganic-Organic Composites for Water and Wastewater Treatment'' reviews research findings on advanced materials and methods for purification. Considering the fact that new emerging pollutants are released into the environment and water bodies, it is necessary to develop more advanced techniques in order to treat them. The utilization of metal – organic framework in view of applications, synthesis, properties like adsorption, characterization of the electronic and geometric aspects, and hybrid systems is reiewed in this book, and the advantages/disadvantages, shortcomings including future prospects associated with metal-based nanoparticles and nanocomposites for water decontamination are discussed. In addition, the use of carbon quantum dots, supramolecular ion-exchange resins, multifunctional composite aerogels, algal biomass valorization and titania-containing composites in treatment processes are also presented. Contents About the Editors Metal Organic Frameworks to Remove Arsenic Adsorption from Wastewater 1 Introduction 2 Heavy Metals in Water and the Impact on Health 3 Arsenic as a Contaminant 4 Different Forms of Arsenic in Water 5 Conventional Strategies for the Removal of Arsenic 6 Metal Organic Frameworks 7 General Methods of Preparation of Metal Organic Framework 8 Applications of Metal Organic Frameworks 9 Metal Organic Framework as an Adsorbent 10 Mechanistic Insight on the Adsorption of Arsenic by Metal Organic Framework 11 Theoretical Study of Metal Organic Framework and Adsorption 12 Conclusion References Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Formidable Candidate for Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment 1 Introduction 1.1 Origin of Pharmaceutical Wastewater (PWW) 1.2 Characteristics of Pharmaceutical Wastewater (PWW) 2 Methods for Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment (PWWT) 2.1 Biological Treatment (BT) 2.2 Membrane Technologies (MTs) 2.3 Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) 2.4 Adsorption Methods (AMs) 2.5 Hybrid Systems (HSs) 3 Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment (PWWT) 3.1 Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Adsorbents 3.2 Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) Catalyzed Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) 3.3 Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs)-Hybrid Systems (HSs) 4 Conclusion and Future Perspective References Performance of Metal-Based Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites for Water Decontamination 1 Introduction 2 Categories of Metal-Based Nanoparticles in Water Treatment 2.1 Nanoadsorbents 2.2 Nanomembranes 2.3 Nanophotocatalyst 2.4 Disinfection 2.5 Sensing 3 Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Used in Water Treatment 3.1 Metal Nanoparticles 3.2 Zero-Valent Metal Nanoparticles 3.3 Iron Oxides Nanoparticles 3.4 Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles 3.5 Other Metal Oxide Nanoparticles 4 Nanocomposite in Water Treatment 4.1 Nanocomposites with Inorganic Support 4.2 Nanocomposites with Organic Supports 4.3 Magnetic Nanocomposites 5 Conclusion and Perspective References Water Purification by Carbon Quantum Dots 1 Introduction 2 Nanotechnology for Water Purification 2.1 Nanomembranes for Water Purification 2.2 Adsorption of Pollutants by Nanotechnology 2.3 Role of Nanomaterials as Sensors for Water Remediation 2.4 Nanomaterials as Photocatalysts for Water Purification 3 Understanding Carbon Quantum Dots 3.1 Properties of Carbon Quantum Dots 3.2 Passivation and Functionalization 3.3 Some Methods of CQD Synthesis 4 Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs) for Water Purification 4.1 Carbon Quantum Dots as Membranes 4.2 Carbon Quantum Dots as Sensors 4.3 Carbon Quantum Dots for Removal of Pollutants 5 Conclusion References Supramolecular Ion-Exchange Resins Based on Calixarene Derivatives for Pollutant Removal from Aquatic Environmental Samples 1 Introduction 2 Adsorption Process Using Ion-Exchange Resin Materials 2.1 Adsorption Process 2.2 Kinetic and Thermodynamic Aspects of the Adsorption Process 2.3 Batch and Fixed-Bed Adsorption Process 2.4 Ion-Exchange Resin Material 3 Calixarene 4 Removal of the Pollutants from Aquatic Environmental Samples Using Supramolecular Ion-Exchange Resins 4.1 Impregnated Calixarene on the Commercially Available Resin Materials 4.2 Polymerization of Calixarenes 4.3 Crosslinking Reaction of the Calixarenes 5 Conclusions References Luminescent Carbon Dots for Environmental Photocatalytic 1 Introduction 2 Carbon Dots Synthesis 2.1 Hydrothermal Method 2.2 Carbonization or Pyrolysis Synthesis 2.3 Microwave and Other Methodologies 3 Characterization and Properties of Carbon Dots 4 Photocatalytic Activity of Carbon Dots 5 Conclusion References Multifunctional Composite Aerogels—As Micropollutant Scavengers 1 Introduction 2 Methods for the Synthesis of Composites Aerogels 3 Properties of Aerogels 3.1 Morphological Analysis of Aerogels 3.2 Surface Chemical Analysis 3.3 Thermal and Mechanical Stability 3.4 Effect of Raw Materials 4 Application of Aerogel on Environment 4.1 Aerogel for Heavy Metal Cleanup 4.2 Aerogels in Dye Removal 4.3 Aerogel for Oil Removal 4.4 Aerogel for Water Treatment 4.5 Removal of Pesticides by Aerogels 5 Eco-Toxicological Aspects of Aerogels 6 Conclusion References Algal Biomass Valorization for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions 1 Introduction 2 Metal Pollution and Health Effects 3 Technologies of Wastewater Treatment 3.1 Chemical Precipitation 3.2 Ion Exchange 3.3 Membrane Filtration 3.4 Electrochemical Treatment 3.5 Adsorption 4 Marine Algae 5 Macroalgae 5.1 Classification and Use of Macroalgae 5.2 Chemical and Structural Composition of Macroalgae 6 Macroalgae Potential and Applications 6.1 Pharmacological Potential 6.2 Macroalgae Biosorbents for Heavy Metal Removal 7 Concluding Remarks References Electrochemical Synthesis of Titania-Containing Composites with a Metallic Matrix for Photochemical Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Wastewater 1 Introduction 2 Electrodeposition of Titania-Containing Composites with Metallic Matrices 3 Electrodeposition and Characterization of Titania-Containing Composites with an Iron Matrix 4 Conclusion References