Innovative Technologies for Market Leadership: Investing in the Future (Future of Business and Finance)

This book introduces the reader to the latest innovations in fields such as artificial intelligence, systems biology or surgery, and gives advice on what new technologies to consider for becoming a market leader of tomorrow. Companies generally acquire information on these fields from various sources such as market reports, scientific literature or conference events, but find it difficult to distinguish between mere hype and truly valuable innovations. This book offers essential guidance in the form of structured and authoritative contributions by experts in innovative technologies spanning from biology and medicine to augmented reality and smart power grids. The authors identify high-potential fields and demonstrate the impact of their technologies to create economic value in real-world applications. They also offer business leaders advice on whether and how to implement these new technologies and innovations in their companies or businesses. Chapter 13 Analytic Philosophy for Biomedical Research: The Imperative of Applying Yesterday’s Timeless Messages to Today’s Impasses by Sepehr Ehsani is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com. Foreword Preface About the Book Contents Editors and Contributors About the Editors Contributors Smart Grid, Future Innovation and Investment Opportunities 1 Introduction 2 Energy Transformation 3 Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 4 Harnessing Variability 4.1 Harnessing Variability at Distribution Grid Level (Small Energy Level) 4.2 Hydrogen Production 4.3 Desalination Plants 4.4 CO2 Extraction from Nature 5 Conclusion References Quantum Technologies 1 Introduction 2 Concepts 2.1 Superposition: Life Is Uncertain 2.2 Measuring: To Measure or Not to Measure Is the Question 2.3 Entanglement: Spooky Action at a Distance 3 Applications 3.1 Quantum Computers 3.2 Shor's Algorithm: The End of Encryption? 3.3 Quantum Networks 3.4 Quantum “Blind” Clouds 3.5 Other Applications with Quantum Mechanics 4 Conclusions References Security in Intelligent Transportation Telematics 1 The ITS Ecosystem 2 Application Scenario Versus Vulnerability 3 Signature as the Primary Security Measure 4 Security, Safety, Integrity—and Privacy—Issues 5 Why May Someone Want to Attack Any ITS Network? 6 Conclusions References Innovation and Future Technology Scenarios in Health Care: Ideas and Studies 1 Self-Driving Hospital Beds 2 Reorganization of Medical Studies with Contests and Crowdsourcing 3 All-In-Data-Approach in Health Care for New Business Models 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Theoretical Background 3.3 Research Design 3.4 First Study 3.5 Follow-Up Study 3.6 Future Health Care IT Service Prototype Model 3.7 Findings 3.8 Conclusions of the Study 4 Drone-Supported Emergency Concepts in Combination with Automotive Health Systems 5 Conclusions References Unlocking the Power of Artificial Intelligence for Your Business 1 Introduction 2 Motivation: China Is Spearheading AI Innovation 3 Artificial Intelligence 3.1 History 3.2 Machine Learning 3.3 The Three Pillars of Machine Learning 3.4 Neural Networks 3.5 Recent Advances and Deep Learning 3.6 Frontiers 4 AI Transformation of a Company 5 The Fear of an Out-of-Control AI Is Exaggerated 6 Conclusions References Innovation Means: Asking the Right Questions 1 Introduction 2 So Let Us Innovate 3 What Is Innovation Anyway? 4 Do You Really Need to Constantly Innovate? 5 Where Is Your Game Plan? 6 Innovation Is Hard 7 Innovation Is Not Rocket Science Though 8 It All Starts with a Question 9 Innovate by Gut Feeling 9.1 Learn to Ask Questions Again 10 The Innovation Canvas 10.1 What Do We Want to Innovate? 10.2 Why Are We Doing This? 10.2.1 Trigger 10.2.2 Demand 10.2.3 Value Proposition 10.2.4 Competitive Advantages 10.3 Who Do We Do It For? 10.3.1 Target Groups 10.3.2 Marketing 10.3.3 Pilot Application 10.3.4 Expansion Stages 10.3.5 Activities 10.3.6 Resources 10.3.7 External Partners 10.3.8 Other Projects 10.4 How Does It Pay Off? 10.4.1 Cost Structure 10.4.2 Project Budget 10.4.3 Revenue Streams 10.4.4 Risks 11 Nothing Worth Without Culture 12 Drive Your Innovation Culture! 13 Conclusions Reference Innovative Technologies in the Ageing Population: Breaking the Boundaries 1 Introduction 2 Demographic Shift 3 Digital Sovereignty 4 Digital Education and Social Interaction 5 Data Security and Trust 6 Usability 7 Artificial Intelligence as an Innovation Driver of Digital Technologies Amongst the Elderly 8 The Future of Humans and Technology 9 The Digital Divide 10 Conclusions References Using Augmented Reality and Machine Learning in Radiology 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methodology 3.1 The Machine Learning Algorithm 3.1.1 Preprocessing 3.1.2 Loss Objective 3.1.3 Input Multiple 2D Slices to Take Advantage of 3D Data 3.1.4 ROI Cropping 3.1.5 Using the Liver Segmentation for the Lesion Segmentation 3.1.6 Lesion Detector Module 3.1.7 3D Conditional Random Fields 3.1.8 Loss Balancing 3.2 Using Unity and WebRTC to Deliver PC Rendering Power to HoloLens 3.2.1 Server 3.2.2 Client 4 Evaluation and Discussion 5 Conclusions and Outreach References Digitalization in Mechanical Engineering 1 Introduction 2 Comparison to Traditional Industrial Automation 3 Opportunities and Challenges 4 The Way of Thinking: People, Processes, and Technology 5 Selected Use Cases and Applications 5.1 Reducing the Number of Simulation Runs 5.2 Intelligent Mechatronic Modules: Cyber-Physical Systems 5.3 Self-X and Organic Computing 5.4 Automatically Layouting New Machine Variants 6 Conclusions References Lean Launch Data Engineering Projects with Super Type Power 1 Introduction 2 Towards Type Safe and Reusable Spark Applications 2.1 Loosely Typed Data 2.2 Type-Setting the Data 2.3 Sending Them for Classes 2.4 A Quick Summary 3 Sailing Safe Through the Storm 3.1 An Untyped Storm Topology 3.2 Storm Is Dangerous 3.3 Phantom Types to the Rescue 4 Conclusion References Ubiquitous Computing: From 5G to the Edge and Beyond 1 Ubiquitous Computing 2 The Journey: Or How We Got Here 2.1 The Becoming of the Inter-Networking Network 2.2 Hard- and Software Evolution 2.3 Mobile Telecommunications Everywhere 3 Mixing The Dough 4 Status Quo 2019 5 The Evolutionary Revolution to 5G 6 Edge Computing 7 Benefits of 5G and Edge Computing 8 Top Five Use Case Categories 8.1 Human Beings 8.2 Smart Mobility 8.3 Smart Logistics 8.4 Smart Environment 8.5 Smart Industry 9 Conclusions/What Is Left to Do References Autonomous Driving on the Thin Trail of Great Opportunities and Dangerous Trust 1 Introduction 2 Understanding the Environment 3 The Critical Role of Artificial Intelligence 4 Ambitious Goals and Their Consequences 4.1 Advances in Autonomous Driving and Artificial Intelligence 4.2 Contemporary Forecasts and Challenges 5 The Challenge of Easy Access to Complex Technologies 6 Interpreting Deep Learning Models in Self-Driving Cars 6.1 Convolutional Neural Networks for End-to-End Driving 6.2 Visualizing What Deep Learning Models Learn 7 Conclusions References Analytic Philosophy for Biomedical Research: The Imperative of Applying Yesterday's Timeless Messages to Today's Impasses 1 Successes and Lingering Challenges in Biomedicine Today 2 The Current State of Theory in Biomedical Research 3 Lessons from the History of Philosophy and Rational Thought 3.1 Ancient Philosophy 3.2 After the Galilean Revolution in Science 4 Precedents of “Philosophical Biology” 5 The Imperative for a Coherent and Unified Theoretical and Philosophical Biology 5.1 Contours of a Revived Philosophical Biology 5.2 Theoretical Methods and Tools (TMT) 5.3 Theoretical Problems and Solutions (TPS) 5.4 Inherent and Experimental Verifiability 6 Conclusions References Proposal-Based Innovation: A New Approach to Opening Up the Innovation Process 1 Introduction 2 A New Approach to Innovation: Task and Goal 3 Manufacturing Industries: A Definition for This Chapter 4 Challenges and Opportunities in Manufacturing Industries 4.1 An Example 4.2 The Options 4.3 Insight Is Essential 4.4 Early Warning Indicators 4.5 Need for Worldwide Intelligence? 4.6 Changes and Influences 4.6.1 Changes in the Nature of Globalization 4.6.2 Changing World Order 4.6.3 Innovation Centers Are Shifting 4.6.4 How Innovation Has Changed 4.6.5 Increasing R&D Expenditures 4.6.6 Time to Market 4.6.7 Digital Divide 4.6.8 Increasing Competition 4.6.9 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) 4.6.10 Growing Middle Class 4.6.11 Aging Society 4.6.12 Megacities 5 About Startups and Manufacturing 5.1 Services Startup Environment 5.2 Manufacturing Services Startups 5.3 Mass Manufacturing Startups 5.4 Conclusion 6 Open Innovation (OI) 6.1 General Limitations 6.2 Cultural Barriers 6.3 Process Barriers 6.4 Intermediaries 7 Barriers in Web Search 7.1 The Language Barrier Web 7.2 The Relevance Barrier Web 8 Proposal-Based Innovation (PBI) 8.1 PBI in the Global Environment 8.2 The Concept of PBI 8.3 Artificial Intelligence (AI) 8.4 The Vision 9 Conclusion and a Special Concern References Technologies and Innovations for the Plastics Industry: Polymer 2030 1 Technologies and Innovations for the Plastics Industry: Polymer 2030: Fit for the Future Thanks to Innovations and Technology 2 Structure of the Plastics Sector 3 Megatrends and New Business Models for the Plastics Industry 4 Trends and Technologies: Best Practice Examples for the Plastics Industry 4.1 Technologies for Individualisation in the Plastics Industry 4.2 Resource Efficiency 4.3 Digital Transformation 5 Recommended Approaches for the Plastic Industry References How Do Innovative Business Concepts Enable Investment Opportunities in the Complete Construction Value Chain? 1 Introduction to the Global Construction Market 2 What Is the Construction Value Chain? 3 How Is the World Population Developing? 4 Globally, What Are the Major Impacting Trends on Construction? 5 Is the Technology Breakthrough There? 5.1 Smart Building Material and Green Technology 5.1.1 Interpanel GmbH 5.1.2 Nuki Home Solutions GmbH 5.1.3 Airthings 5.1.4 Breeze Technologies 5.1.5 Field Factors 5.2 Artificial Intelligence, Data Analytics, and Internet of Things 5.2.1 Fieldwire 5.2.2 INDUS.AI 5.2.3 Building Radar 5.2.4 bGrid 5.2.5 reINVENT Innovation GmbH 5.3 Building Information Modeling (BIM), Virtual (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) 5.3.1 Finalcad 5.3.2 Matterport 5.3.3 IrisVR 5.3.4 XYZ Reality 5.4 Robotics, Drones, and 3D Printing 5.4.1 MX3D 5.4.2 KEWAZO 5.4.3 XtreeE 5.4.4 Apis Cor 5.4.5 Yingchuang Building Technique 5.4.6 ICON3D 5.4.7 RedWorks Construction Technologies Inc. 5.5 Smart and Mobile/Modular Homes 5.5.1 haus.me 5.5.2 Mighty Buildings Inc. 5.5.3 Containerwerk eins GmbH 6 Conclusion References Motivation, Employees, and Communication in the Start-Up Phase 1 Motivation: The Engine of Our Founder Scene 2 Creating a Basis for the Team 2.1 Create Room for Feedback 2.2 Agile Planning 2.3 Fast Communication 2.4 Limitation of Freedom 3 Limits of Capabilities 4 Motivation Comes from Success References AI to Solve the Data Deluge: AI-Based Data Compression 1 Introduction 2 Data Compression Preliminaries 3 AI for Data Compression 3.1 DeepZip: Compressing Numerical Data with Neural Networks 3.1.1 Probability Prediction Block 3.1.2 Arithmetic Encoder Block 3.1.3 DeepZip Compression 3.1.4 Thoughts on DeepZip 3.2 Classification and Anomaly Detection on Lossy Compressed Data 3.2.1 Tensor Decomposition for Natural Compression 4 Conclusion References Digital Transformation in Plastics Industry: From Digitization Toward Virtual Material 1 Introduction: What Is an Innovative Technology? 2 The Perspective of Material Science 3 The Perspective of Covestro 4 Virtual Customer Experience of Materials 5 Suggestions 6 Conclusion References Correction to: Analytic Philosophy for Biomedical Research: The Imperative of Applying Yesterday's Timeless Messages to Today's Impasses