Innovations in Sustainable Energy and Technology: Proceedings of ISET 2020 (Advances in Sustainability Science and Technology)

This book presents best selected research papers presented at Innovation in Sustainable Energy and Technology India (ISET 2020), organized by Energy Institute Bangalore (A unit of RGIPT, an Institute of National Importance), India, during 3–4 December 2020. The book covers various topics of sustainable energy and technologies which includes renewable energy (solar photovoltaic, solar thermal and CSP, biomass, wind energy, micro hydro power, hydrogen energy, geothermal energy, energy materials, energy storage, hybrid energy), smart energy systems (electrical vehicle, cybersecurity, charging infrastructures, IOT & AI, waste management, PHEV (CNG/EV) and mobility (smart grids, IOT & AI, energy-efficient buildings, mart agriculture). Committee Preface Message from the Volume Editors Contents About the Editors WattCastLSTM—Power Demand Forecasting Using Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 The Demand Forecasting Model Based on LSTM 3.1 The LSTM Neural Network Model 3.2 WattCastLSTM—Architecture 3.3 Performance Metrics 4 Case Study 4.1 Data Preparation and Preprocessing 4.2 Data Analysis 4.3 Implementation and Results 4.4 Comparison with Baseline Models 5 Conclusion References Thermodynamic Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic/Thermal System (PVT) for Air-Conditioning Applications 1 Introduction 2 System Modeling 2.1 Thermal Energy Storage System 2.2 Vapor Absorption Cycle 3 Model Analysis and Observations 4 Thermal Energy Storage System Analysis 4.1 Vapor Absorption Cycle Analysis 5 Conclusions References PbS Nanoparticle Sensitized Fe-Doped Mesoporous TiO2 Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References In Situ Ni-Doped Co3O4 Nanostructure: An Efficient Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Methodology 2.1 Reagents and Materials 2.2 Material Synthesis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Microstructural Characteristics of Ni–Co3O4 3.2 Electrochemical Applications of Nickel-Doped Cobalt Oxide 4 Conclusions References Aerodynamic Performance Enhancement and Optimization of a H-rotor Vertical Axis Wind Turbine 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed Model 4 Numerical Investigation 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Influence on Static Pressure 5.2 Influence on Total Pressure 5.3 Effects on Velocity 5.4 Effects on Turbulence 5.5 Influence on T, Cp, CL, Cd 6 Conclusion References CFD Analysis of a Straight Bladed Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Using NACA 0021 Aerofoil 1 Introduction 2 Research Methodology 2.1 Selection of Turbine Features 2.2 Performance Parameters 2.3 Geometric Modelling 2.4 Computational Domain and Boundary Conditions 2.5 Mesh Generation and Grid Independence Test 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Fabrication of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Based on Natural Dye Sensitizer and ZnO Nanoflower Photoanode 1 Introduction 2 Experiment Procedure 2.1 Synthesis of ZnO 2.2 Extraction of Dye 2.3 Electrolyte Preparation 2.4 Fabrication of DSSC 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Microstructural Properties of Nanostructured ZnO 3.2 UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Carotenoid Dye 3.3 Performance Analysis of DSSC 4 Conclusions References Effect of Longitudinal Fin Configuration on the Charging and Discharging Characteristics of a Horizontal Cylindrical Latent Heat Storage System 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Modeling 2.1 Description of the System 2.2 Governing Equations 2.3 Experimental Validation 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Charging 3.2 Discharging 4 Conclusions References Fabrication of Catalytic Sheet Filter of V2O5–WO3/TiO2-Supported SiC for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx Emission from Combustion Engine 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Section 2.1 Preparation of Catalyst Powder 2.2 Catalyst Coating Solution Preparation 2.3 Preparation of SiC Sheet Filter 2.4 Preparation of Catalytic Sheet Filter 2.5 Catalytic Activity Measurement 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References CEPSO-Based Load Frequency Control of Isolated Power System with Security Constraints 1 Introduction 2 System Model 3 Cost Function 4 Proposed Method 4.1 Exponential PSO Method 4.2 Chaotic Exponential Particle Swarm Optimization (CEPSO) Method 5 LFC Using Proposed CEPSO 6 Result and Analysis 6.1 System Performances 6.2 Comparative Performance Index 7 Conclusion Appendix 1: Parameters of GA, PSO, EPSO and CEPSO Appendix 2: CPI Calculation References Biogas Cook Stove with a Novel Porous Radiant Burner—An Alternate for LPG Cook Stoves in Rural and Semi-urban Indian Households 1 Introduction 2 Description of PRB and CB 3 Experimental Setup 4 Experimental Procedure 4.1 Thermal Efficiency 4.2 CO and NOx Emissions 4.3 Uncertainty Calculation 5 Results and Discussion 6 Economic and Societal Benefits of the PRB 7 Conclusion References Numerical Investigation of a Multi-tube Conical Shell and Tube-Based Latent Heat Energy Storage System 1 Introduction 2 Thermal Modeling 2.1 Model Design 2.2 Governing Equations 2.3 Assumption and Boundary Condition 2.4 Numerical Procedure and Validation 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Cone Angle Optimization 3.2 Performance Comparison Between Optimized Single and Multi-tube Models 3.3 Effect of Radial Distance of Tubes in Multi-tube Conical LHS System 4 Conclusion References Classification of Different Floral Origin of Honey Using Hybrid Model of Particle Swarm Optimization and Artificial Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 The Multielectrode Electronic Tongue Setup 3 Material and Method 3.1 Data Preprocessing 3.2 Data Compression 3.3 Data Clustering 3.4 Data Classification 3.5 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) 3.6 Selection of Best Weights Using PSO 4 Design of Hybrid Model 5 Result and Analysis 5.1 Data Clustering with PCA 5.2 Performance of Neural Network Classifier Using PSO 6 Conclusion Appendix: PSO Parameters References Magnetoelastic Transition in Energy Efficient Magnetic Refrigerant Ni50Mn32Sn18 Heusler Alloy 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Investigating the Characteristics and Choice of Electric Scooter Users: A Case Study of Tiruchirappalli City 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review and Background 3 Study Methodology 4 Data Collection 4.1 Socio-economic Characteristics Electric Scooter Users 4.2 Gender Distribution of Electric Scooter Users 4.3 Age Distribution of E-Scooter Users 4.4 Level of Educational Qualification of E-Scooter Users 4.5 Range of Monthly Income of E-Scooters Users 4.6 Descriptive Statistical Analysis of Vehicular Characteristics 4.7 Measurement Model 4.8 Principal Component Analysis 5 Results 6 Conclusions References Agent-Based Path Prediction Strategy (ABPP) for Navigation Over Dynamic Environment 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Proposed Methodology 4 Proposed Algorithm 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Li-ion Battery Health Estimation Based on Battery Internal Impedance Measurement 1 Introduction 2 Internal Impedance Measurement 2.1 Theory of Internal Impedance 3 Aging Experimental Analysis 4 State of Health Estimation 4.1 SOH Estimation Procedure Based on Internal Impedance 4.2 Estimation Results and Analysis 5 Conclusion References Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO)-Based Short-Term Hydro–Thermal–Wind Generation Scheduling Considering Uncertainty of Wind Energy 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Formulation of Generation Scheduling 2.1 Formulation of Multi-objective Function 2.2 Constraints 3 Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO) Algorithm 4 Simulation and Test Results 5 Conclusion References Simulation Study on Effect of Fin Geometry on Solar Still 1 Introduction 2 Types of Fins Used in Solar Stills 2.1 Modeling 3 Analysis of Fins 4 Conclusions References Investigations on Solar Air Collector Performance Improvement by Adoption of Response Surface Method Strategy 1 Overview on Solar Drying 2 Literature Review 3 Numerical Studies for Characterization of Collector Performance 4 Experimental Characterization of Solar Collector 5 Conclusions References Stability and Thermal Conductivity of Ethylene Glycol and Water Nanofluid Containing Graphite Nanoparticles 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Materials 2.2 Nanofluid Preparation 2.3 Thermal Conductivity and Stability 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Thermal Conductivity and Effective Thermal Conductivity 3.2 Stability of EG: Water Based Graphite Nanofluids 3.3 Developed Correlation 4 Conclusion References Parametric Study of Leading-Edge Tubercle: Bio-inspired Design of Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement 3 Governing Physics and Solver Details 3.1 Meshing 4 Numerical Results 5 Conclusion References Shorea robusta (Sal) Fallen Leaves Briquette—A Potential Bioenergy Fuel for Rural Community 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Shorea robusta Leaves Characterization 2.3 Briquette Production 2.4 Proximate Analysis 2.5 Ultimate Analysis 2.6 Physical Properties 2.7 Combustion Properties 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Proximate and Ultimate Analysis 3.2 Physical Properties 4 Conclusion References Design Optimization of Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine Based on High Power Extraction by Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Methodology Used—CFD 3.1 Conceptual Design 3.2 Computational Aerodynamic Analysis on Various VAWT Model 3.3 Boundary Conditions and Flow Behaviors 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Base 4.2 Five Saw Tooth Cuts at the Leading Edge of VAWT 4.3 Ten Saw Tooth Cuts at the Leading Edge of VAWT 4.4 Fifteen Saw Tooth Cuts at the Leading Edge of VAWT 4.5 Twenty Saw Tooth Cuts at the Leading Edge of VAWT 4.6 Five Curvy Cuts at the Leading Edge of VAWT 4.7 Fifteen Curvy Cuts at the Leading Edge of VAWT 4.8 Twenty Curvy Cuts at the Leading Edge of VAWT 4.9 Comparative Analysis 5 Conclusions References A Detailed Analysis on Carbon Negative Educational Institute for Sustainable Environment 1 Introduction 2 Survey 2.1 Human Activities 2.2 Transports and Logistics 2.3 Power 2.4 Solid Waste 2.5 Food Nourishment and Manufacturing 2.6 Natural Gases and LPG 2.7 Structures 3 Methodology 3.1 Phase I: Define the Carbon Footprints 3.2 Phase II: Quantification of the Carbon Footprints 4 Carbon Footprint Analysis 4.1 Carbon Emission Within Campus 4.2 Carbon Absorbed Within Campus 5 Results 5.1 Rainwater Gathering or Harvesting System 5.2 Solar Energy System 5.3 Terrace Gardening 5.4 Other Measures 6 Conclusions References Performance Evaluation of Adsorption Refrigeration System Using Different Working Pairs 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Modeling 2.1 Thermodynamic Properties 2.2 Performance Evaluation of Adsorption Refrigeration System 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Forecasting Electricity Demand Using Statistical Technique for the State of Assam 1 Introduction 2 Technique Used 3 Steps Adopted 3.1 Stationary Test 3.2 Model Identification 3.3 Model Fitting 3.4 Performance of the Model 4 Results and Analysis 5 Conclusion References Analysis and Prediction of Air Pollution in Assam Using ARIMA/SARIMA and Machine Learning 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Methods and Materials 3.1 Air Quality Data and Study Area 3.2 Dataset Preprocessing 3.3 Methodology 3.4 Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) 3.5 Linear Regression (LR) 3.6 Regression Neural Network 3.7 Lasso Regression 3.8 ElasticNet 3.9 Extra Tree (Extremely Randomized Trees) 3.10 Decision Forest Regression 3.11 AdaBoost 3.12 XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) 3.13 Evaluation Metrics 4 Experiments and Results 4.1 Test for Stationarity 4.2 Exploratory Data Analysis 4.3 Applying ARIMA/SARIMA 4.4 Applying Machine Learning Algorithms 5 Conclusion References Assessment of the Electric Rickshaws’ Operation for a Sustainable Ecosystem 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review and Background 3 Study Methodology 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Choice of the Mode of Transport 4.2 Trip Length-Frequency Distribution 4.3 Living and Social Status of the Respondents 4.4 Age Distribution of Respondents 4.5 Preference for E-rickshaw by the Respondents 4.6 Preference for the Willingness to Pay for E-rickshaw 4.7 Preference for E-rickshaw Timing and Location 4.8 Summary 5 Conclusions References Location Potential Assessment and Feasibility Marking for Solar Power Generation on Basis of Source–Load Matching Strategies 1 Introduction 2 Overview of Solar Radiation Modeling and Site Implementation 2.1 Site Potential Assessment Studies 2.2 Feasibility Marking Studies 3 Computational Analysis in System Design 3.1 Load and Resource Assessment Studies 3.2 Characterization of Solar Energy Conversion Device and Its Economics 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 PV System Design for Estimated Domestic Load 4.2 Sun Tracking Modes to Improve Input Irradiation Magnitude 4.3 Economics of SPV System 4.4 Simulation Studies on Solar Energy Accessibility 5 Conclusions References Gait Abnormality Detection without Clinical Intervention Using Wearable Sensors and Machine Learning 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Methodology 3.1 Experimental Approach 3.2 Data Collection 3.3 Classification Technique 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Performance Analysis 5 Conclusion References Non-invasive Group Activity Identification Using Neural Networks 1 Introduction 2 System Architecture 2.1 Working of Ultrasonic Sensors 2.2 System Deployment 3 Data Processing Technique for Activity Recognition 3.1 Pre-processing of Sensor Data 3.2 Identification of Atomic Activities 3.3 Recognition of Group Activities 4 Experimental Results 4.1 Results of Atomic Activity Identification 4.2 Results of Group Activity Identification 5 Conclusion References Author Index