نوآوری‌ها و جهت‌گیری‌های آینده در درمان‌های رفتاری و شناختی

Across the globe, cognitive and behavioural therapies (CBT) are used every day by a wide variety of health professionals including psychologists, psychiatrists, nurses, and social workers to change peoples’ lives. Since 1995 the World Congress of Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies (WCBCT) has showcased the latest advances in CBT to an international professional audience. Now for the first time this unique book draws together a veritable ‘who’s who’ of leading CBT researchers and practitioners presenting their work at the 2016 WCBCT. Over 190 leading researchers and practitioners from across Britain, Europe, North and South America, Asia and Australia contribute to 53 concise and insightful essays summarising their work, where it fits in the broader field, clinical implications, and directions for future research and practice. Together they illustrate the tremendous capacity for CBT to contribute to the mental and physical wellbeing of people everywhere. Topics covered include: • child, adolescent and youth mental health • anxiety • trauma, PTSD and grief • obesity and eating disorders • obsessive compulsive and related disorders • depression and bipolar disorders • psychosis • alcohol and substance misuse • health and chronic medical disorders • comorbidity • transdiagnostic issues • e-therapy • training, practice and access The number of individuals displaced by war, conflict and persecution is now in excess of 60 million. Recipient countries are tasked with meeting the daily needs of refugees and asylum seekers, many of whom are struggling with the mental health consequences of exposure to severe human-rights violations. Furthermore, post-settlement adjustment-related stressors, such as family separation, financial difficulties and language barriers, can also undermine psychological wellbeing. These pre- and post-migration factors coalesce to have a significant impact on the mental health of refugees. Rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are approximately 30% among refugees, which is five times the rate of these disorders in the populations of the host countries. Despite this, many refugees are psychologically resilient and adapt well post-displacement. As yet, there is little evidence elucidating the factors at play in determining these different adaptation pathways. Empirical research into the biological and psychological mechanisms that underpin refugee adaptation is therefore critical, and will inform the development of effective and efficient clinical treatments and services for refugees. Emerging evidence suggests that core mechanisms influencing psychopathology in refugees may include (1) heightened fear reactivity and deficits in fear processing; (2) dysregulated management of fear and other emotional responses; (3) sensitivity to injustice; and (4) reduced self-efficacy. Below we outline key findings in each of these domains to date, and discuss how these may influence the adaptation of refugees