Innovation in Wearable and Flexible Antennas (WIT Transactions on State-of-the-art in Science and Engineering)

This book deals with the design, numerical simulation, state of the art fabrication processes and methods, qualitative and quantitative tests, and measurement techniques of wearable and flexible antennas of different topologies, such as: Planar Inverted F, Printed Monopoles, Micropoles and Microstrips. Novel trends, materials, and fabrication and measurement techniques used in this vital field of antenna systems are also discussed. To the best of the editor's knowledge, at the time of publication, there are no published books targeting the vital topic of flexible antennas specifically and/or serving as a complete reference. There are only few books on wearable antennas that deal with specific applications and this has initiated a motivation to propose a book that would serve as a complete technical reference of the addressed technology. This book can serve as a reference source for Research and Development scientists, RF and antenna engineers working in this vital field; moreover, it could be used as a text book for Antenna Theory and Advanced Antennas courses which are mainly offered for graduate students. Cover 1 Innovation in Wearable and Flexible Antennas 4 Copyright Page 5 About the Editor 6 Dedication 8 Preface 10 Contents 12 Introduction 18 CHAPTER 1: Fabrication and Measurement Techniques of Wearable and Flexible Antennas 24 1. Introduction 24 2. Material Selection 25 3. Antenna Fabrication 29 4. Antenna Measurement 33 References 36 CHAPTER 2: Organic Paper-Based Antennas 42 1. Introduction 42 2. Printing Technologies 43 3. Paper as a Substrate 46 4. Organic Paper-Based Antennas 52 5. Conclusions 70 References 71 CHAPTER 3: Flexible Optically Transparent Antennas 76 1. Introduction 77 2. Fabrication Methods 79 3. Substrate Selection 82 4. Case Study 83 5. Conclusions 86 References 86 CHAPTER 4: Inkjet-Printed Artificial Magnetic Conductors (AMC) for Wearable Antenna Applications 88 1. Introduction 88 2. Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS) and Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) Plane 89 3. Inkjet-Printing Technology as a Fabrication Method 92 4. Antennas on AMC Plane 94 5. Conclusion 104 References 105 CHAPTER 5: Diversity Antennas for BAN Applications 108 1. Introduction 108 2. Antenna Diversity Based on Co-Located Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) and a Top-Loaded Monopole 109 3. Diversity Antenna Based on Concentric Slot Loop and Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) 116 4. Conclusion 120 References 121 CHAPTER 6: Mutual Coupling Reduction between Flexible MIMO Antennas 122 1. Introduction 122 2. Antenna System Design and Configuration 124 3. Results and Discussion 128 4. Flexibility Tests 134 5. Conclusion 136 References 136 CHAPTER 7: Flexible and Conformable Antennas for Body-Centric Radiofrequency Identification 140 1. Introduction 140 2. RFID Technology 142 3. Passive Wearable UHF Tags 144 4. Implantable Passive UHF Tags 150 5. Conclusion 158 References 158 CHAPTER 8: Circularly Polarized Wearable Antennas 162 1. Introduction 162 2. A Brief Theory on Antenna Polarization 164 3. State-of-Art Designs 167 4. Case Study: A Wearable Circularly Polarized Antenna for Personal Satellite Communication and Navigation 170 5. Conclusion 177 References 177 CHAPTER 9: Flexible VHF Animal Collar Antenna for GPS-Aided Wildlife Tracking 180 1. Introduction 180 2. Zigzag Antenna Analysis 182 3. Antenna Input Impedance Matching Methods 188 4. Polar Bear Tracking Antenna 192 5. Conclusion 201 References 202 CHAPTER 10: Textile-Based Rectennas 204 1. Introduction 204 2. Electrical Characterization of Textiles for Antenna Design 206 3. Textile Antennas and Applications 211 4. Rectifying Circuits 218 5. Review of Recent Rectenna Designs 225 6. Conclusion 227 References 227