Innovation in Urban and Regional Planning: Proceedings of INPUT 2023 - Volume 1 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 467)

This book gathers the proceedings of the INPUT2023 Conference on ‘Innovation in Urban and Regional Planning.’ The 12th International Conference INPUT was held at the University of L'Aquila, Italy, on September 6–8, 2023, and brought together international scholars in the fields of planning, civil engineering and architecture, ecology, and social science, to strengthen the knowledge on nature-based solutions and to enhance the implementation and replication of these solutions in different contexts. The book represents the state of the art of modeling and computational approaches to innovations in urban and regional planning, with a transdisciplinary and borderless character to address the complexity of contemporary socio-ecological systems and following a practice-oriented and problem-solving approach. Computational tools, technologies, data, mathematical models, and decision support tools are explored for providing innovative spatial planning modeling methodologies. Dedication Preface Organization Contents List of Contributors Geospatial Earth Data to Support the Restoration of Soil Ecosystems and Implications for Spatial Planning (GEO4SP) A Customized JAVA OpenStreetMap Preset to Extract Solar Panel Installations for Humanitarian Purposes 1 Introduction 2 JOSM 2.1 JOSM Presets 3 Methodology 3.1 General Information Category 3.2 Panels Information Section 3.3 Building Information Item 3.4 Code entry within JOSM 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Copernicus Geodatabase for Investigating Land Cover Changes at the European Scale 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Copernicus Satellite Data for LU/LC Change Monitoring 2.2 Copernicus Land Monitoring Service 2.3 Google Earth Engine Platform 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Earth Observation Data for Sustainable Management of Water Resources to Inform Spatial Planning Strategies 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Case studies 2.2 The BIGBANG Model 2.3 GEE Platform and JavaScript Code Development 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Future Urban Setting and Effects on the Hydrographic System. The Case Study of Bologna, Italy 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3 Material and Methods 4 Results 5 Discussion and Conclusion References Using SAR Observation Data to Support the Spatial Planning in Areas Affected by Landslide Phenomena 1 Introduction 2 The MTInSAR Technique and the EGMS Program 3 The Case Study 4 Analysis of the SAR Dataset 5 Discussion 6 Conclusions References Geodesign for Informed Collaborative Spatial Planning and Design Geodesign as a Supplementary Tool to Strategic Environmental Assessment 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Geodesign Tool 2.2 Participants and Their Role 2.3 Data Collection 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Geovisualization and Geodesign in a Framework for the Evaluation of Landscape Units as a Basis for the Sustainable Planning of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil 1 Introduction 1.1 The Case Study: Quadrilátero Ferrífero (Iron Quadrangle) 2 Methodology 3 The Development of the Case Study 4 Discussion and Conclusion References Participatory Mapping to Improve Urban Resilience Starting from the Experiences in the Scientific Literature and Virtuous Cases 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Development of a Methodological Proposal 4 Conclusions References Geodesign in the Shared Decision to Create Full Protection Conservation Units, as a Mitigating and Compensatory Action for the Transformations of Iron Mining in the Landscape 1 Introduction 2 Geodesign Methods 3 Conservation Units in Brazil 4 Representation and Process Models: The Production Maps 5 Change, Impact and Decision Models: Co-creation of Ideas During the Workshop 6 Conclusions and Discussions References Geoprocessing, Geodesign and Urban Parameters: Geoinformation and Co-Creation of Ideas in Urban Planning Teaching 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methodological Steps 2.1 Study Area: Central Area of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais (Brazil) 2.2 Technological Resources 3 Development 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Geodesign: (a Personal) Retrospective, and Perspectives 1 Introduction 2 The Geodesign Approach 3 Case Studies: (a Personal) Retrospective, and Prospective 3.1 Retrospective 3.2 Prospective 4 Discussion and Conclusions References Geodesign in the Teaching Process of Global Agreements: Sustainable Development Goals and Smart Cities 1 Introduction 2 Concepts 2.1 Smart Cities 2.2 Sustainable Development Goals 3 Materials and Methods 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Belo Horizonte and Florianópolis Island Workshop 5 Final Considerations References Geodesign for Open Spaces Management in Mining-Dependent Urban Settlements 1 Introduction 2 Sustainability is Perceived in Open Spaces 3 Nature-Based Solutions for Mineral-Dependent Urban Settlements 4 Geodesign for Monitoring and Communicating the Quality of Open Spaces in Mining-Dependent Urban Areas 4.1 Quality Indicators 4.2 Geodesign Platform for Co-Creation 5 Final Considerations References Strategies for Democratizing Development. Application of Geodesign in a Low-Context Culture 1 Introduction 2 Geodesign – Designing in a Participatory System Thinking Approach 3 The MITIGO Project and Study Area 4 Evaluation Maps for MITIGO 5 Conclusion References The Urban Digital Twin: A New Dimension for the Land Planning Applying 4.0 Technologies to Public Spaces. Exploring New Functions and Interactions in Savona University Campus 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Urban Digital Twin 2.2 Robotic Actuators 3 Best Cases Analysis 4 University Campus of Savona, Italy 4.1 New Scenario 5 Discussion and Conclusion References Urban Built Environment Visual Features Modeling for 3D GeoSimulation Using USD Standard Specifications 1 Introduction 2 Urban 3D Modeling and Motivation of USD Advocacy 2.1 Background and Related Works 2.2 From 3D City Modeling issues to Scientific Advocacy for USD 3 USD Fundamentals for Urban 3D Visual Features Modeling 3.1 Concepts and Requirements of Universal Scene Description Standard 3.2 Materials and Methods for Urban 3D Visual Features Modeling 4 Experiments and Results Analysis 4.1 Experimental Settings 4.2 Experimental Results Analysis 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Digital Twin for Urban Development 1 Introduction 2 Definitions and Technologies 3 Use Cases 3.1 Virtual Singapore 3.2 Chattanooga 4 Challenges and Opportunities 5 Conclusion References Digital Twins of Cities vs. Digital Twins for Cities 1 Introduction 2 Cities from an Ontological Viewpoint 3 Vision, Actuality, and Failing Cases of City DTs 4 Managing City-Modeling Limits: The Key Roles of Participatory Technology and Spatial Cognition 5 A Use Case: A City Square 6 Conclusions References Beyond the Smart City. The Urban Digital Twin for the Augmented City: The Vox Hortus Project 1 Introduction 2 The Urban Digital Twin, Beyond the Smart City 3 The Vox Hortus Project 4 Conclusions References The Applicability of the Urban Digital Twin in the Detailed Choices of the Urban Plan 1 About the Concept of Digital Twin 2 Review of Urban Digital Twin Practices 3 Summary Assessments and Future Prospects References Urban and Spatial Planning Through the Support Tool of the Regional Digital Twin 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 DT Definition to Support Planning 3.2 The Baseline Data for the Regional Digital Twin 4 Conclusions References Towards Sustainable Urban Development: Matera’s Urban Digital Twin and Challenges in Data Integration 1 Introduction 2 Digital Twins: Lessons from Matera’s CTEMT 3 Data Model 4 Conclusion References City Burning: New Approaches to Measure the UHI and Its Effect on Urban Energy Balance 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions References Spreading Porosity: The Contribution of Planning Tools in Increasing Soil Permeability A Multidimensional Assessment Model of Settlement Efficiency at the Urban Scale 1 Towards the 2030 Agenda 2 Methodology 3 Identification of Indicators 4 Identification of Benchmarks 5 The Settlement Efficiency Index 6 Conclusions References The Shapes of Adaptive Ground Design: A New Taxonomy Between Spatial Quality and Ecological Performance 1 The Planning Tools of Adaptation Strategies, and the Problem of Downscaling 2 The Role of the Ground in the Regeneration of Contemporary Territories, as Ecological, Social, and Connective Infrastructure 3 The Archetypal Shapes of Adaptive Ground Design: Convex, Surface, and Concave Forms 4 The Spatial Configurations of Adaptive Landscapes: Sequence, Densification, Edge 5 Conclusions References Urban Planning and Water Resources: Integrated Regeneration Strategies for Contemporary Territories 1 Introduction: Political Consensus, Land-Use and Urban Planning and the Metamorphic Character of the Natural Territory 2 Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) as Drivers of Urban Green and Blue Infrastructure Networks 3 The European Union and a Legal Framework That Fosters the Ecological Transition 4 Rainwater as a Force for Urban Development 4.1 The London Sustainable Drainage Action Plan 4.2 The Rotterdam Waterplan 2 5 Conclusions References: Towards the Integration of Soil Desealing in the Urban Areas’ Transformation Processes 1 Introduction 2 An Overview of the Definitions 3 The “Case” of Soil Desealing in Urban Planning 3.1 Scientific Literature Review 3.2 Top-Down and Bottom-Up Actions 4 The Italian Regulatory and Strategical Framework 5 Light and Shadows of Soil Desealing 6 Conclusions References Research and Standards for Sustainable Spatial Planning (R&S4SP) Holistic Approach for Sustainable Cities and Communities: Best Practices in Living Labs 1 Introduction 2 Standard UNI/TC058 “Sustainable Cities, Communities, and Infrastructures - the Contribution of Buildings to the Sustainability of Cities - Methodological Reference and Evaluation Model” 3 Energy Planning for the Sustainable Development of Cities and the Rule of Urban Building Energy Modeling 3.1 Place-Based Energy Modeling 4 Tools of ENEA for Renewable Energy Communities 4.1 From CER to PELL Tools to Support Data Analysis Evaluation 5 Energy Community Best Practice in Termoli 6 Conclusion References Need of New Standards for New Definition of Cities 1 What is a City 1.1 A New Definition 2 The CWA (CEN Workshop Agreements) on City Resilience Development 2.1 Saving the Cultural Heritage: The ARCH Project 3 The Set-Up of an Urban Resilience Office 3.1 The Resilience Office as a Governance Tool 3.2 The Resilience Office as Part of the Local Government 4 Some Examples of Standardization Need for Urban Resilience 4.1 Electric Mobility 4.2 Water Management References The Issue of Standards Development for Sustainable Cities and Communities: ISO 37101 Case Study 1 Introduction 1.1 Method 2 Standards Drafting and Implementation 2.1 Local Authorities as Committee Experts 3 ISO 37101 Case Study 3.1 ISO 37101 Drafting 3.2 ISO 37101 Implementation in France 4 Conclusions References Establishing a Knowledge Value Chain for Sustainable Spatial Planning and Urban Governance: Meeting the SDGs Through Technical Standards 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Methodology 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Towards a Definition of “Tourism Ecosystem” for Sustainable Development of Inland Areas 1 EU Policies and Sustainable Tourism Development 2 Achieving Sustainable Development Goals 3 Theoretical Framework 4 Conclusions References The Planning Tool Mosaic as a Tool for Sustainable Land Management. Keys Point for a National Regulatory Framework 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 4 Discussions and Conclusions References Mapping Civic Uses in Abruzzo Region: Opportunities for Sustainable Resource Management 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Study Area 3 Results 4 Discussion and Conclusion References Spatial Decision Making for Improvement of the Resilience of the Historic Areas: SHELTER DSS 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Multiscale Data Model 2.2 Multi-hazard Risk Assessment 2.3 Solutions Portfolio 3 Results 3.1 Filtering and Multicriteria Analysis 3.2 Risk Assessment Baseline 3.3 Simulation of Solutions 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Achieving SDGs through Public Participation in Spatial Planning and Urban Governance: International Standards for Effective Implementation 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Public Participation in the ISO 371xx Technical Standards 3.1 Operationalising the SDGs through Public Participation 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Embedding Resilience to Climate Change and Natural Hazards in Smart Services 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Resilience, Sustainability, and Smartness in Urban Systems: Policies, Frameworks, and Standards 2.2 Taking Integrated Action: Introducing Resilience When Building Smartness and Smartness When Building Resilience 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Coastal Planning: Diagnostic Tools to Address Physical, Social and Environmental Concerns Port Cities. Models of Governance, Port and Local Planning and Sub-areas of City-Port Interaction. The Case of Livorno and Valencia 1 General Remarks 1.1 Port Cities 2 Governance Models 3 Port Planning in Italy, Allocation of Competences 3.1 The Big Picture 3.2 Sub-environments of City-Port Interaction 4 Case Studies and Methodology 4.1 General Aspects 4.2 The Port of Livorno 4.3 Spanish Port Planning and the Port of Valencia 5 Comparative Analysis 6 Concluding Remarks References Analysis of the Influence of Coastal Urban Regeneration Strategies on Water Quality 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Materials 3 The Ideal Case Study 4 Parametric Analysis 5 Concluding Remarks References Extreme Sea Level Variation in Future Climate Change Scenarios: The Case of Abruzzo Region Coastal Area 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 The Case Study of Abruzzo Coastal Area: Data and Locations 3.1 Site Description 3.2 Data 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Validation of the ERA5 Database 4.2 Extreme Value Analysis 4.3 Mean Sea Level Future Projections 5 Concluding Remarks References Physics and Coastal Planning Strategies: Two Sides of the Same Coin 1 Introduction 2 Practical Management of Coastal Areas 3 Long-Term Morphodynamic Boundary Effects 4 Short-Term Morphodynamics Effects 5 Quality of Coastal Waters 6 Concluding Remarks References Long-Term Evolution of the Shoreline of the South Lazio Region (Italy) Littoral Cell by Combining Historical Aerial Photography and Satellite Imagery 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3 Material and Methods 4 Results 5 Concluding Remarks References Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Organochlorine Pesticides in Two Coastal Sediment Cores in the Mong Cai Area, Vietnam 1 Introduction 2 Regional Setting 3 Material and Methods 3.1 Materials 3.2 Methods 4 Results 4.1 PAHs in Sediments 4.2 Organochlorine Pesticide 4.3 Correlation Between Sediment Parameters 5 Discussion 5.1 The Factors Control Characteristics of Sediments 5.2 Sedimentary Groups and Their Characteristics 5.3 Origin and Sources of PAHs and OCPs 6 Conclusion References Coastal Urbanization and Ecosystem Services Depletion: An Italian Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Liguria: The Urbanization Process 3 The Assessment of Ecosystem Services Provision 4 Cluster Analysis 5 Conclusion and Discussion References Territorial Strategies in Place-Based and Community-Led Energy Transitions Modeling Structural Equations to Balance the Positive Energy Area in Cities 1 Introduction 2 Research Methods 2.1 Identification of Variables 2.2 Creating the Initial Model 2.3 Development of the Initial Model 3 Discussion 4 Conclusions References Urban Polycentric Structures: Scenarios of Energy Communities of Small and Medium-Sized Cities 1 Climate Change, Energy Poverty and Energy Transition 1.1 Three Related Paradigms 1.2 Polycentric Structures and Energy Transition as a Response to Climate Change and Energy Poverty 2 Energy Communities: A Cases Study in Salento Italy 2.1 Public Participation Polycentric Governance Nelle Renewable Energy Communities (RECs) 2.2 The Energy Potential for the Salento Region 2.3 The Simulation of a Renewable Energy Community: Alliste, Racale, Taviano and Melissano 2.4 Conclusion References Place-Based Strategies for Energy Transitions in Apulia: Pilot Experiences, Limitations and Prospects 1 Beyond the Decarbonization Imperative 2 Energy Transition in Apulia 3 Innovations in Local Energy Cooperation in Apulia 3.1 Research Design 3.2 Biccari: Harnessing the Energy Industries’ Revenues to Fund the Transition 3.3 Energy Cooperation and Social Innovation in Melpignano 4 Concluding Remarks: Limitations and Prospects References Innovative Simulations for Urban Planning: Decoding Configuration, Morphology and Space Percolation Model to Capture Urban Coalescence («Natural Cities»). The Case of Italy 1 Introduction: Defining Cities 2 Defining Cities: A Short Literature Review 3 Conceptual Framework 4 Material and Method 5 Analysis and Results 6 Conclusion References Preprocessing Open Data for Optimizing Estimation Times in Urban Network Analysis: Extracting, Filtering, Geoprocessing, and Simplifying the Road-Center Lines 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Test Data Structures and Study Areas 2.2 The Proposed Approach 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Urban Safety and Resilience: Agent-Based Modelling Simulations for Pre-disaster Planning 1 Introduction 2 Scientific Reference Context 2.1 CityScope 2.2 ESCAPE 2.3 ACTEUR 3 Methodology and First Results 4 Conclusions References Territorial Analysis of Regional Disparities in Brazil: Impacts on Sustainable Urban Mobility and Accessibility 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Urban Population and Regional Development 3.2 Transport Modes 3.3 Education and Income 3.4 Urban and Transportation Planning 4 Conclusion References Space Syntax vs Agent-Based Modelling in the Maze of Urban Complexity: A Critical Comparison Between Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches and Applications 1 Introduction 2 Top-Down Approach and Space Syntax 2.1 The Space Syntax Tool: Peculiarities, Potentialities and Weaknesses 2.2 Significant Space Syntax Applications in the Field of Urban Planning 3 Bottom-Up Approach and Agent-Based Modelling 3.1 Agent-Based Modelling: Peculiarities, Potentialities and Weaknesses 3.2 Significant ABM Applications in the Field of Urban Planning 4 Space Syntax and Agent-Based Modelling: A Comparison 5 Conclusion References The Energy Transition of the Built Environment The Energy Efficiency of Building Components. The Case of Historical Masonry Through a Multidisciplinary Approach 1 Introduction 2 Methodological Approach: Analysis and Knowledge 2.1 Topic 1: Lack of Information Regarding the Thermal Performance of Historic Masonry 2.2 Topic 2: Issues Concerning the Compatibility of Design Interventions 2.3 Topic 3: Sustainability of Design Solutions from Environmental, Energy, Social and Economic Point of View 3 Conclusions References Urban Energy Analysis and Building Performance Evaluation: The Case of Segrate Municipality 1 Introduction 1.1 Logical Framework: Aim and Method 2 Case Study Description 2.1 Italian Legislative Framework 2.2 Segrate Municipality 3 Segrate Energy Map: Analysis and Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Establishing a Renewable Energy Community in a Residential District: Advantages and Implementation Challenges 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Study Area 4 Results 5 Discussion 6 Conclusions References Innovative and Sustainable Solutions for the Organization of Energy and Service Networks in Historical Centres 1 Introduction 2 Operational Methodology 2.1 Cognitive Phase 2.2 Conforming Solutions Identification Phase 2.3 Meta-project Phase 3 Validation 4 Conclusions 5 Note References Innovations in the 15 Minute-City Approaches: Conceptual, Data-Driven, and Practical Developments Towards a Sustainable Urban Planning Tackling Un-sustainable Mobility. Smart City Tools to Limit Car Access to the City Center Through MaaS Solutions, the Genoese Experience 1 Introduction 2 Double Strategy for Sustainable Mobility Transition 3 ICT Role Within Urban Mobility Framework 4 Genoa Case-Study 4.1 GetUp Project 4.2 Smart Gates 5 Discussion 6 Final Remarks References Travel-Time in a Grid: Modelling Movement Dynamics in the “Minute City” 1 Introduction 2 Examining the Methodological Challenges of MC Assessments 3 Untangling MC Modelling Ambiguities 3.1 Tessellation of the 15-Minute City and Barycentres’ Location 3.2 Isochrones’ Size, Construction Methods and Demographics 3.3 Classification of Urban Functions 4 Towards More Accurate Representations of the 15-min City References Building a 15-Minute City: A Methodological Approach for Assessing the Socio-economic and Environmental Effects of Locating Amenities in Low-Density Settlement Contexts 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3 Materials and Methods 3.1 Dataset 3.2 Methodology 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusions References Spatial and Configurational Analysis for the Implementation of the 15-Minute City Model. The Case Study of Perugia, Italy 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Perugia 3 Results 4 Discussion and Conclusions References Assessing the Relationship Between Spatial Configuration and Proximity to Basic Services. The Case Studies of Matera and Terni, Italy 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Terni 2.2 Matera 3 Results 4 Discussion and Conclusions References Possibility, Opportunity, Capability. A Critical Reinterpretation for Accessibility Planning in the 15-Min City 1 Introduction 2 Possibility, the Territorial Scale of the Infrastructures 3 Opportunity, the Neighborhood and Service Scale 4 Capability, Urban Space and the Design of Places 5 Conclusions References Author Index