Innovation for the urban age : innovative approaches to public governance for the new urban age : the Winelands Papers 2014

Already more than half of the world population is living in large cities. The World Bank has stated that the growth of (mega) cities is immense; some African cities are growing more than 10% in population annually. That is without a doubt the highest percentage ever recorded. What does this mean in terms of public service delivery? What consequences do these densities have for government? How do governments balance equity and equality in these cities? What are the investments needed to ensure a balanced community? How can planning and delivery on the scale of these cities or (mega) city regions cope with challenges and tensions between the realms of people, planet, and profit? These questions were the central theme of the 14th International Winelands Conference of the School of Public Leadership of the University of Stellenbosch. The conference produced a great variety of papers and discussions which are now collected in this volume. The book presents a comprehensive view of the relation between governance, urbanization, and the complexity of the issues at stake. (Series: The Winelands Papers) [Subject: Public Administration, Public Policy] Cover 1 Title Page 4 Copyright 5 PREFACE 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS 8 INTRODUCTION 10 1. INNOVATIVE GOVERNANCE IN THE URBAN ERA: Goos Minderman 12 1.1 INTRODUCTION 12 1.2 THE STRUCTURE OF THIS BOOK 14 REFERENCES 19 SECTION A: CIVIC RIGHTS, BUILDING CITIZENSHIP AND SERVICE DELIVERY 20 2. FROM THE FREEDOM CHARTER, THROUGH THE BILL OF RIGHTS TO THE ‘RIGHT TO THE CITY’: WHAT IS THE RELEVANCY FOR A SUSTAINABLE SOUTH AFRICA?: Anneke Muller 22 2.1 INTRODUCTION 23 2.2 HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVES 24 2.3 HUMAN RIGHTS IN SOUTH AFRICA 31 2.4 CONCLUSION 37 REFERENCES 38 LAWS AND POLICIES 46 COURT CASES 47 3. THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN AND CORRUPTION: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF INNOVATIVE LEADERSHIP: Pregala Pillay and Evangelos Mantzaris 50 3.1 INTRODUCTION 50 3.2 THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN ON CORRUPTION 51 3.3 ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE 53 3.4 LEADERSHIP, ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND THE CREATION OF INNOVATIVE CLIMATE 54 3.5 THE NDP AND THE SOUTH AFRICAN CIVIL SERVICE 55 3.6 THE CRUCIAL ROLE OF COLLECTIVE LEADERSHIP 59 3.7 CONCLUSION 62 REFERENCES 64 4. TRANSDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH FOR INNOVATION IN INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING: Lorraine Amollo Ambole 68 4.1 INTRODUCTION 68 4.2 METHOD 71 4.3 REVIEW OF RELEVANT LITERATURE 72 4.4 RESULTS 74 4.5 CONCLUSION 81 REFERENCES 82 5. INNOVATION IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT WITHIN SOUTH AFRICA: A CRITIQUE OF SOFT SYSTEMS METHODOLOGY: Cheryl Mohamed Sayeed, Pregala Pillay and Purshottama Sivanarain Reddy 88 5.1 INTRODUCTION 89 5.2 RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION 90 5.3 INNOVATION MODELS FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT 93 5.4 SYSTEMS MODELLING 94 5.5 SYSTEMS THINKING 94 5.6 CASES OF SSM IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA 101 5.7 CRITIQUE 101 5.8 CONCLUSION 104 REFERENCES 104 6. WHAT STRUCTURAL FACTORS INFLUENCE PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY? LESSONS LEARNED FROM A STUDY OF SWISS MUNICIPALITIES: Reto Steiner, Claire Kaiser and Lukas Reichmuth 108 6.1 INTRODUCTION 108 6.2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESES 109 6.3 METHODOLOGY 112 6.4 TASKS OF THE SWISS MUNICIPALITIES 113 6.5 EMPIRICAL RESULTS 114 6.6 DISCUSSION 118 6.7 CONCLUSION 121 REFERENCES 122 7. COMPARATIVE HEALTH REFORMS IN BRAZIL, INDIA, AND SOUTH AFRICA: A RESEARCH AGENDA: James Warner Björkman 138 7.1 INTRODUCTION 138 7.2 FOCUS ON HEALTH AS A PIVOTAL POLICY ISSUE 140 7.3 POLICY INTERVENTIONS AND HEALTH SERVICES 144 7.4 MERITS OF STUDYING COMPARATIVE HEALTH REFORMS 146 7.5 CONTEXTUAL BACKGROUND ON STRATIFIED SOCIETIES: BRAZIL, INDIA, AND SOUTH AFRICA 150 7.6 LEADERSHIP FOR HEALTH REFORMS THROUGH PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS 153 7.7 CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS 155 REFERENCES 157 RELEVANT LITERATURE 158 SECTION B: ACTIVE CITIZENSHIP AND NGO GOVERNANCE 162 8. HOW TO CO-OPERATE WITH STAKEHOLDERS: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE NETHERLANDS: Arno Geurtsen and Ans Verstraeten 164 8.1 INTRODUCTION 164 8.2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 167 8.3 METHODOLOGY 174 8.4 FINDINGS 175 8.5 DISCUSSION 179 8.6 LESSONS LEARNED 179 8.7 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH 180 REFERENCES 181 9. IS INTERNAL SUPERVISION IN DUTCH NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS RELEVANT TO THE DECENTRALIZATION OF CENTRAL GOVERNMENT?: Goos Minderman 184 9.1 INTRODUCTION 184 9.2 THE GOVERNANCE OF THE INTERNAL SUPERVISORY BOARDS IN THE NETHERLANDS 191 9.3 DEBATING SUPERVISORY BOARDS 195 9.4 THE AMBITIONS OF THE SUPERVISORY BOARDS 200 9.5 CONTEXT OF THE RESEARCH: NEW LEGISLATION 204 9.6 WRAPPING UP UNTIL NOW 205 REFERENCES 206 10. REIGNITING ACTIVE CITIZENSHIP IN SOUTH AFRICAN LOCAL GOVERNANCE: THE ROLE OF THE THIRD SECTOR: Ntuthuko Mchunu and Francois Theron 214 10.1 INTRODUCTION 214 10.2 CONTEXTUALISING THE SOUTH AFRICAN THIRD SECTOR 216 10.3 THE ROLE OF THE THIRD SECTOR IN BUILDING DEMOCRATIC LOCAL GOVERNANCE 219 10.4 STRATEGIES FOR THIRD SECTOR INNOVATION AT LOCAL GOVERNANCE LEVEL 223 REFERENCS 227 11. GOVERNMENT AS A PLATFORM? PUBLIC VIRTUAL STRUCTURES FOR SERVICE DELIVERY AND PARTICIPATION AS ELEMENTS OF A RENEWED PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: Ayad Al-Ani 234 11.1 INTRODUCTION 235 11.2 FORCES OF DISRUPTIVE INNOVATIONS 235 11.3 THE NEW ROLE OF CITIZENS 239 11.5 CONCLUSION 248 REFERENCES 250 SECTION C: GROWTH, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND RISK MANAGEMENT 256 12. LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: AN INGREDIENT FOR GROWTH AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION: Sam Koma 258 12.1 INTRODUCTION 258 12.2 CONCEPTUALISING LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (LED) 259 12.3 ROLE OF THE DEVELOPMENTAL STATE 261 12.4 SOUTH AFRICA’S ECONOMIC SITUATION 265 12.5 OVERVIEW OF LED POLICY DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA 266 12.6 STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING LOCAL ECONOMIES 269 12.7 CONCLUSION 271 REFERENCES 272 13. LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND INCLUSIVITY IN SOUTH AFRICA: A CASE STUDY OF ETHEKWINI CITY COUNCIL: Purshottama Sivanarain Reddy 278 13.1 INTRODUCTION 279 13.2 DEFINING AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: INCLUSIVITY AND LED 281 13.3 POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR LED IN SOUTH AFRICA 284 13.4 KEY SECTORS TO FACILITATE INCLUSIVITY IN LED IN THE AFRICAN CONTEXT 286 13.5 LOCAL CASE STUDY: ETHEKWINI CITY COUNCIL 290 13.6 CONCLUSION 298 REFERENCES 299 14. YOUTH CAPACITY BUILDING AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN ETHIOPIA: Robert Dibie 304 14.1 INTRODUCTION 304 14.2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF CAPACITY BUILDING AND ECONOMIC GROWTH 307 14.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 315 14.4 ANALYSIS OF YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEMS 316 14.5 APPROPRIATE SOLUTIONS AND POLICY STRATEGIES 332 14.6 CONCLUSION 338 REFERENCES 340 15. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN SALDANHA BAY: A REFLECTION OF THE PAST AND A PEEK AT THE FUTURE: Louis Scheepers and Lesley Welman 352 15.1 INTRODUCTION 352 15.2 METHODOLOGY 353 15.3 BACKGROUND 353 15.4 THE TRANSITION FROM OLD TO NEW REGIONALISM IN SALDANHA BAY 355 15.5 VREDENBURG URBAN RENEWAL PROJECT 360 15.6 CONCLUSION 368 REFERENCES 369 16. OPTIONS FOR RESOURCING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN THE CITY OF CAPE TOWN: Johan Ackron 372 16.1 INTRODUCTION 372 16.2 THE CITY’S ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IMPERATIVE AS A DETERMINANT OF CONTEXT 373 16.3 DEFINING THE CITY BIOSPHERE 375 16.4 VALUATION OF ECOLOGICAL GOODS AND SERVICES AS DRIVER OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AGENDA 378 16.5 ENVIRONMENTAL RISK PERSPECTIVES IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN THE CITY OF CAPE TOWN 379 16.6 DIMENSIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 381 16.7 THE INSTITUTIONAL AND FISCAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN THE CITY OF CAPE TOWN 389 16.8 KEY PRINCIPLES FOR RESOURCING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN THE CITY OF CAPE TOWN 393 16.9 FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS 395 16.10 THE WAY FORWARD 395 REFERENCES 396 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 400 17. TOWARDS INNOVATIVE GOVERNANCE FOR THE URBAN AGE: SOME CONCLUDING NOTES: Purshottama Sivanarain Reddy 402 17.1 INTRODUCTION 402 17.2 THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK REDEFINED 403 17.3 INNOVATIVE GOVERNANCE: TOWARDS A NEW URBAN AGENDA 406 17.4 TOWARDS DECENTRALISED GOVERNANCE: SOME CONTINENTAL EXPERIENCES 410 17.5 LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: BEYOND RHETORIC 413 17.6 CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT 413 17.7 TOWARDS GOOD GOVERNANCE AND ACTIVE CITIZENSHIP 415 17.8 URBANISATION AND THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA 416 17.9 CONCLUSION 417 REFERENCES 417 AUTHORS 422 REVIEWERS 432 "This book covers a selection of updated and peerreviewed papers on 'Innovation in the urban age' - a conference held in 2014. The new urban age has been one that has been marked by challenges which has impacted on both developed and developing countries alike; however; it does offer opportunities to respond very positively to global issues such as poverty; inequality; climate change and social marginalisation and poor basic service delivery. The "New Urban Agenda"; that has been proposed by the international community is expected to be all encompassing in terms of responding to global challenges such as inter alia, urban poverty, slums; social marginalisation and inequality and economic depression. There is a need to have a shared vision and understanding of the global challenges that need to be addressed by all the key players and stakeholders, namely governments, the private sector, the citizenry and non-; governmental organisations for innovative and genuine partnerships to be effected in terms of responding to these issues (www.scn.sap.com/community/public.sector). The private sector is generally perceived to be better managed, accessible and more efficient, although it is unregulated and inequitable. Joint collaboration and public - private partnerships can improve equity, accessibility and quality and can be mutually beneficial in terms of exchange of resources, technology, knowledge and skills, cost efficiency and public image.""--Source inconnue Already more than half of the world population is living in large cities. The World Bank has stated that the growth of (mega) cities is immense; some African cities are growing more than 10% in population annually. That is without a doubt the highest percentage ever recorded. What does this mean in terms of public service delivery? What consequences do these densities have for government? How do governments balance equity and equality in these cities? What are the investments needed to ensure a balanced community? How can planning and delivery on the scale of these cities or (mega) city regions cope with challenges and tensions between the realms of people, planet and profit? These questions were the central theme of the 14th International Winelands Conference of the School of Public Leadership of the University of Stellenbosch. The conference produced a great variety of papers and discussions which are bundled in this volume. It presents a comprehensive view of the relation between governance, urbanization and the complexity of the issues at stake. Bron: Flaptekst, uitgeversinformatie