Innovation and Technology in Sports : Proceedings of the International Conference on Innovation and Technology in Sports, (ICITS) 2022, Malaysia

This book presents the proceedings of ICITS 2022 covering different tracks in the field of Sports Engineering and Technology, namely, Instrumentation, Materials, Data Analytics, Biomechanics, Simulation, Equipment Design and Performance Analysis, amongst others. This collection of articles deliberates the key challenges as well as technological innovations that facilitate the enhancement of sporting performance. The readers are expected to gain an insightful view on the current trends, issues, mitigating factors, technological innovations as well as proposed solutions. ​ Preface Contents Kinematic of Body Segments, the Force Growth, and the Speed of the Rowing 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Experimental Approach 3 Result 3.1 Rower Kinematics During the Drive Phase 3.2 Force Profile of the Drive Phase 3.3 Speed Profile of the Oar and Boat 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Mechanical Testing of Futsal Footwear: Friction Coefficient Under Different Sliding Direction 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Shoes and Playing Surface 2.2 Mechanical Testing 2.3 Statistical Analysis 3 Results 3.1 Traction Force (TF) 3.2 Available Friction Coefficient (AFC) 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Physical Fitness Profile and Match Analysis of Elite Junior Badminton Players: Case Studies 1 Introduction 2 Objectives 3 Method 3.1 Samples 3.2 Procedures 3.3 Statistical Analysis 4 Results 4.1 Physical Fitness Tests on Four Elite Juniors Badminton Players 4.2 Heart Rate 4.3 Offensive Shots 4.4 Defensive Shots 4.5 Timing Characteristic 5 Discussion 5.1 Physical Fitness 5.2 Heart Rate (HR) Analysis of Badminton Players 5.3 Temporal Analysis 5.4 Timing Analysis 6 Conclusion 7 Limitation/Practical Implications References Cues and Striding Performance in Skilled and Less-Skilled Riders in Three Types of Equine Gaits 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Participants and Horse 2.2 Data Collection 2.3 Data Analysis 3 Result 3.1 Descriptive Data 3.2 Movement Kinematics Between Less Skilled and Skilled Riders 3.3 Pearson Correlation Between the Rider’s Body Angle and Horse Speed 4 Discussions 5 Conclusions References A Cluster Analysis and Artificial Neural Network of Identifying Skateboarding Talents Based on Bio-fitness Indicators 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Participants 2.2 Bio-fitness Assessments 2.3 Skateboarding Tricks’ Execution 2.4 Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering Analysis (HACA) 2.5 Artificial Neural Network (ANN) 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Descriptive Statistics 3.2 Identification of Clusters Predicated on Bio-fitness and Skill-Related Assessments 3.3 Descriptive Statistics Differences of HPS and LPS 3.4 Analysis of Machine Learning Model in Predicting HPS and LPS 4 Conclusion References Social Network Analysis and Data Visualization of Football Performance Preceded to the Goal Scored 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Data 2.2 Observation 2.3 Player Positional Roles 2.4 Network Analysis 2.5 Visualization 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Data Visualization of Football Using Degree of Centrality 1 Introduction 2 Literature 2.1 Limitations 3 Methodology 3.1 Sample Data Collection 3.2 Observation 3.3 Player Position Analysis 3.4 Social Network Analysis 3.5 Degree Centrality 3.6 Degree Prestige 3.7 Betweenness Centrality 3.8 Team Passing Networks 3.9 Visualisation 4 Results and Discussions: A Case Study of Liverpool FC Statistics on Seasons 18/19 and 20/21 4.1 Social Network Analysis 4.2 Visualization 5 Conclusions References The Effectiveness of Five Minutes Calisthenic Exercise on Depression, Anxiety and Stress Levels Among Teenagers 1 Introduction 1.1 Research Objectives 1.2 Research Questions 2 Research Methodology 2.1 Instrument of Study 2.2 Validity and Reliability of DASS 42 Instrument 3 Findings of the Research 3.1 The Anxiety, Depression and Stress Levels Between the Treatment Group and the Control Group for Post-test by Gender 4 Discussion of the Research 5 Conclusion References Sports Advisors’ Perspectives and Satisfaction Level on Transformational Leadership of Senior Assistants of Co-curriculum 1 Introduction 1.1 Research Questions 1.2 Teachers’ Perspectives and Satisfaction Level on Leadership Style 1.3 Teachers’ Perspectives and Satisfaction Level on Leadership Style Based on Gender 1.4 Teachers’ Perspectives and Satisfaction Level on Leadership Style Based on Location of Schools 1.5 Teachers’ Perspectives and Satisfaction Level on Leadership Style Based on Educational Credentials 2 Methodology 2.1 Methodology and Sampling Method 2.2 Validity and Reliablitity 3 Results 3.1 What is the Perspective and Level of Satisfaction of Sports Advisors on Transformational Leadership of Senior Assistant of Co-Curriculum in Primary Schools in Selangor? 3.2 Is There Any Significant Difference in the Satisfaction Level of Sports Advisor on Transformational Leadership of Senior Assistants of Co-curriculum Based on Demographic Factors Such as (a) Gender (b) Location of Schools (c) Educational Credentials? 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Development of Motivation Model Towards Anthropometric, Soccer Skills, Maturity and Physical Fitness Using Machine Learning 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Players 2.2 Experimental Approach to the Problem 2.3 Anthropometric Component 2.4 Motivation Component 2.5 Technical Skill Component 2.6 Fitness Component 2.7 Data Analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Development of Motor Performance Index: A Preliminary Study Among 7 Years Old Malaysian Kids 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Area of Study 2.2 Participating and Testing Procedure 2.3 Ethic Clearance 2.4 Anthropometrics 2.5 Standing Broad Jump (SBJ) 2.6 Sit and Reach (SAR) 2.7 Hand Wall Toss (HWT) 2.8 Twenty-Meter Speed Test (20MR) 2.9 Principal Component Analysis (PCA) 2.10 Index 2.11 Discriminant Analysis 2.12 Machine Learning 3 Results 4 Conclusion References An Analysis of Ranking for Football Teams in Malaysia Super League Based on Football Rating System 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Methodology 4 Football Data 5 Football Rating System 5.1 Elo Rating 5.2 Pi-Rating 5.3 Poisson Model 6 Analysis and Discussion 7 Conclusion References Machine Learning Approach for Malaysia Super League Football Match Outcomes Prediction Based on Elo Rating System 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Experiment 3.1 Dataset 3.2 Elo Rating 3.3 Algorithms 3.4 Performance Metric 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References The Reliability and Validity of React-Run Agility Test Assessment System 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Experimental Design 2.2 Participants 2.3 Procedure 2.4 Statistical Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Automated Classification of Woodball Swinging Phases from Inertial Measurement Unit Using Least Square Method 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Participants 2.2 Procedures 2.3 Data Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Signal Processing 3.2 Least Square 3.3 Classification of Swing Phases 4 Conclusion References Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Sepak Takraw Ball Based on Different Ball Orientation 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Result and Analysis 3.1 Ball Stiffness Versus Displacement 4 Conclusion References Development of the Table Tennis Robot Launcher 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Design Concept 2.2 Design Selection 2.3 Design Development 2.4 Testing 3 Experimental Results 3.1 Ball Travel Distance 3.2 Ball Feed Rate 3.3 Ball Spin 4 Conclusion References Investigation on the Acceleration of Wrist and Waist During a Golf Swing Towards the Ball Trajectory 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Equipment 2.2 Data Collection 3 Results 3.1 Wrist Motion 3.2 Waist Motion 3.3 Coordination of Wrist and Waist 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Badminton Player’s Shot Prediction Using Deep Learning 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Method 3.1 Object Detector 3.2 Object Tracking 3.3 Multi-label Classifier 4 Experiments and Results 5 Conclusion References Football Analytics for Goal Prediction to Assess Player Performance 1 Introduction 1.1 Problem Definition and Contributions 2 Related Literature 3 Methodology 3.1 Dataset Description 3.2 Proposed Model 3.3 Feature Selection and Model Training 4 Results and Experimentation 5 Analytics and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Detection of Localized Muscle Fatigue by Using Wireless EMG Among Track and Field Athletes 1 Introduction 1.1 Research Background 2 Methodology 2.1 Participant 2.2 Experimental Setup 2.3 Data Acquisition 3 Result 4 Discussion and Conclusion References An Evaluation of Different Input Transformation for the Classification of Skateboarding Tricks by Means of Transfer Learning 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Ball-Oriented Soccer Simulation (BOSS) 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Study Design 2.2 Participants 2.3 Soccer-Match-Play Simulations 2.4 Heart Rate and Rate of Perceived Exertion 2.5 Statistical Analyses 3 Results 3.1 Heart Rate 3.2 Rate of Perceived Exertion 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Prototype of IoT-Based Timing Gate System for Sports Application 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Software Development 2.2 Hardware Development 2.3 Calibration 2.4 System Testing 3 Result and Discussion 4 Conclusion and Recommendation References