Inland Fisheries : Ecology and Management

Content: Chapter 1 Introduction (pages 1–7): Chapter 2 Objectives (pages 8–16): Chapter 3 The Nature of Inland Waters (pages 17–31): Chapter 4 The Nature of Fish Populations (pages 32–83): Chapter 5 The Fisherman and the Fishery (pages 84–91): Chapter 6 Fishing Techniques (pages 92–124): Chapter 7 Fish Utilisation (pages 125–133): Chapter 8 Resource Evaluation (pages 134–159): Chapter 9 Social and Economic Evaluation (pages 160–170): Chapter 10 Integrating Information (pages 171–194): Chapter 11 Fishery Management (pages 195–216): Chapter 12 Environmental Management (pages 217–235): Chapter 13 Enhancement (pages 236–261): Chapter 14 Mitigation and Rehabilitation (pages 262–296): Chapter 15 Biodiversity and Conservation Issues (pages 297–312): Chapter 16 Legislation (pages 313–325): Chapter 17 Conclusion (pages 326–331): Inland Fisheries: Ecology and Management......Page 5 Authorship......Page 7 Acknowledgements......Page 8 Contents......Page 9 Guidelines......Page 19 Human population......Page 23 Feed and other resources......Page 24 International initiatives......Page 25 A brief history of inland fisheries management.......Page 26 Conservation as opposed to exploitation......Page 27 Improved tools for management......Page 28 Anew vision for management......Page 29 Food fisheries......Page 30 Recreational fisheries......Page 32 Fisheries for other purposes......Page 33 Social objectives......Page 34 Revenue to government......Page 35 Aquaculture......Page 36 Regional differences in management strategy......Page 37 Lakes......Page 39 Rivers......Page 44 Reservoirs......Page 50 Coastal lagoons......Page 51 Lakes......Page 54 Rivers......Page 58 Reservoirs......Page 61 The size structure of fish populations......Page 62 Dynamics of fish populations......Page 64 Maturation......Page 65 Seasonality of reproduction......Page 67 Fecundity......Page 69 Recruitment......Page 72 Feeding......Page 76 Measuring feeding......Page 77 Feeding behaviour......Page 81 Growth......Page 82 Modelling growth......Page 84 Density-dependent growth......Page 85 Mortality......Page 88 Biomass and production......Page 91 Migration and movements......Page 94 Longitudinal migrations......Page 95 Lateral migrations......Page 100 Responses to fishing and environmental change......Page 101 Responses to exploitation under fluctuating water levels......Page 102 Summary of changes occurring in response to stress......Page 104 The fishermen......Page 106 Full-time fishermen......Page 108 Part-time fishermen......Page 109 Relaxation......Page 110 Owners of water rights, boats and gear......Page 111 Processors......Page 112 Retailers......Page 113 Enhanced......Page 114 Catch and return......Page 115 Factors influencing the choice of gear......Page 116 Selectivity of gear......Page 118 Principal types of gear......Page 120 Associated technology......Page 141 Fishing craft......Page 143 Social and policy implications of fishing technology......Page 144 Seasonality of fishing......Page 145 Fish preservation......Page 147 Icing and freezing......Page 148 Smoking......Page 150 Canning......Page 152 Collection of fish......Page 153 Markets......Page 154 Traders......Page 155 8. RESOURCE EVALUATION......Page 156 Models of potential yield......Page 159 Empirical regression models......Page 160 Age-structured (dynamic pool) models......Page 162 Floodplain models......Page 163 Recording catches......Page 165 Catch per unit effort......Page 166 Analysis of consumption......Page 168 Mark–recapture......Page 169 Catch depletion......Page 170 Telemetry......Page 171 Environmental data......Page 174 Habitat Quality Indices......Page 175 Physical Habitat Simulation System......Page 176 Index of Biotic Integrity......Page 177 Stakeholder analysis......Page 182 Gender awareness......Page 184 Participatory Rural Appraisal......Page 185 Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation......Page 186 Conflict management......Page 187 Household surveys......Page 188 Market surveys......Page 189 Analysis of consumption......Page 190 Sampling......Page 191 Practical considerations for the implementation of GIS......Page 193 Approach......Page 196 Characterisation of recent GIS applications......Page 201 Selected applications of GIS in inland fisheries......Page 202 Fishery resources......Page 203 Habitat approaches to biodiversity......Page 205 Environment......Page 211 Multi-sectoral planning and management including fisheries......Page 213 Geographical distribution of applications......Page 214 Integration of applications......Page 215 Social and policy consideration......Page 217 Identifying needs......Page 218 Encouraging change......Page 219 Responsibility: the possible actors......Page 220 The need for co-management......Page 221 Devolving responsibilities to communities and user groups......Page 222 Building local skills......Page 225 Defining an overarching management structure......Page 226 Goals for regulation......Page 229 Measures for regulation......Page 233 Gear limitations......Page 234 Input controls: control of access and effort......Page 235 Ownership......Page 236 Size limits on fish landed......Page 237 Fisheries in the context of multi-purpose use......Page 239 Navigation......Page 241 Forestry......Page 242 Mining......Page 243 Water quality......Page 244 Pollution......Page 245 Acidification......Page 246 Dam building......Page 247 Changes in discharge......Page 248 Remedial measures......Page 249 Valuation of the living aquatic resource......Page 255 Mechanisms......Page 256 Education and information......Page 257 Techniques for enhancement......Page 258 Motives for introductions......Page 259 Risks from introductions......Page 260 Measures to reduce risk......Page 261 Stocking versus natural reproduction......Page 263 Patterns of stocking......Page 264 Population dynamics of stocking......Page 267 Assessing management regimes in practice......Page 269 Development of stocked fisheries and decision making......Page 271 Risks from stocking......Page 274 Elimination of unwanted species......Page 275 Constructing faunas of selected species......Page 276 Engineering the environment......Page 277 Genetic modification......Page 278 Economics of individual fisheries......Page 280 Economics in the wider context......Page 282 14. MITIGATION AND REHABILITATION......Page 284 Objectives of rehabilitation......Page 285 Protection of water quality......Page 288 Riparian vegetation......Page 289 Floating......Page 290 Rehabilitation of lakes and reservoirs......Page 291 Eutrophy......Page 292 Oligotrophy......Page 294 Siltation......Page 295 Rehabilitation of rivers......Page 296 Rehabilitation of channels......Page 297 Small-scale interventions......Page 298 Larger scale interventions......Page 299 Rehabilitation of floodplains......Page 301 Reconnection of relic channels and floodplain water bodies......Page 302 Creation of new floodplain features......Page 305 Submersible dams......Page 307 Fish passes......Page 308 Fish ramps......Page 309 Bypass canals......Page 310 Removal of dams......Page 312 Water regime management......Page 313 Management of aquatic vegetation......Page 316 Productivity......Page 319 Stability: resistance and resilience......Page 321 Aesthetics and the existence value of biological diversity......Page 322 Some measures of biodiversity......Page 323 Genetic diversity......Page 324 Species diversity......Page 325 Management for biodiversity......Page 326 Management of the gene pool......Page 327 Rehabilitation of the environment......Page 328 Parks and reserves......Page 329 Harvest reserves......Page 330 Size, location and area......Page 334 Agenda 21......Page 335 Convention on Biological Diversity......Page 336 FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries......Page 338 Ramsar Convention......Page 339 Defining inland fisheries and their placement within the legislative framework......Page 340 Creating institutional linkages between inland fisheries and water management: the case of the United Kingdom......Page 341 The problem of inland fisheries in a federal system: the case of Sudan......Page 342 Creating a legal framework for co-management of inland fisheries: the case of Zambia......Page 344 Regional legislation......Page 346 Changing patterns for the resource......Page 348 Monitoring......Page 350 Needs for participatory management......Page 351 References......Page 354 Index......Page 375 This Book Covers The Nature Of Inland Waters, The Fish Populations That Live Within Them, Their Utilization By Fishing Industries, And The Fishing Techniques That These Industries Use. Comprehensive Coverage Is Also Given To Evaluation Of Resources And Social And Economic Issues, Management Of Fisheries And Environment, Biodiversity And Conservation, Enhancement, Rehabilitation And Legislative Issues. 1. Introduction -- 2. Objectives -- 3. The Nature Of Inland Waters -- 4. The Nature Of Fish Populations -- 5. The Fisherman And The Fishery -- 6. Fishing Techniques -- 7. Fish Utilisation -- 8. Resource Evaluation -- 9. Social And Economic Evaluation -- 10. Integrating Information -- 11. Fishery Management -- 12. Environmental Management -- 13. Enhancement -- 14. Mitigation And Rehabilitation -- 15. Biodiversity And Conservation Issues -- 16. Legislation -- 17. Conclusion. Compiled By R.l. Welcomme. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 332-352) And Index.

The current high demand for fish and increased awareness of the role of the environment in supporting human well being has led to a situation where attitudes to inland water resources are changing rapidly.

Trends in resource use and environmental impact are very evident in inland waters which are particularly vulnerable as they act as collectors of all the activities occurring in their basins and rank as some of the most endangered ecosystems in the world. The principle changes influencing the evolution of the aquatic resource for fisheries are described in this book, which has been compiled for the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

The current high demand for fish and increased awareness of the role of the environment in supporting human well being has led to a situation where attitudes to inland water resources are changing rapidly. Trends in resource use and environmental impact are very evident in inland waters which are particularly vulnerable as they act as collectors of all the activities occurring in their basins and rank as some of the most endangered ecosystems in the world. The principle changes influencing the evolution of the aquatic resource for fisheries are described in this book, which has been compiled for the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The current high demand for fish and increased awareness of the environment's role in supporting human well being has led to a situation where attitudes to inland water resources are changing rapidly. Trends in resource use and environmental impact are very evident in inland waters which are particularly vulnerable as they act as collectors of all the activities occurring in their basins and rank as some of the most endangered ecosystems in the world. The principle changes influencing the evolution of the aquatic resource for fisheries are described in this book, which has been compiled for the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Fish from inland waters provide a major source of animal protein, particularly in areas far removed from the sea. The current high demand for fish, and the increased awareness of the role of the environment in supporting human well being, have led to a situation where attitudes to inland water resources are rapidly changing. This change is part of a larger preoccupation for the long-term stability of ecosystems as well as a concern for the capacity of existing freshwater resources to meet human needs. Policies for conservation and sustainability are being pursued against increasing pressures o