Information Systems: 18th European, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern Conference, EMCIS 2021, Virtual Event, December 8–9, 2021, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing)

This book constitutes selected papers from the 18th European, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern Conference, EMCIS 2021, which took place during December 8-9, 2021. The conference was initially planned to take place in Dubai, UAE, but had to change to an online event due to the COVID-19 pandemic. EMCIS covers technical, organizational, business, and social issues in the application of information technology and is dedicated to the definition and establishment of Information Systems (IS) as a discipline of high impact for IS professionals and practitioners. It focuses on approaches that facilitate the identification of innovative research of significant relevance to the IS discipline following sound research methodologies that lead to results of measurable impact. The 54 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 155 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: Big Data and Analytics; Blockchain Technology and Applications; Cloud Computing; Digital Governance; Digital Services and Social Media; Emerging Computing Technologies and Trends for Business Process Management; Healthcare Information Systems; Information Systems security and Information Privacy Protection; Innovative Research Projects; IT Governance and Alignment; and Management and Organisational Issues in Information Systems. Preface Organization Contents Big Data and Analytics Phi: A Generic Microservices-Based Big Data Architecture 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Phi Architecture 4 Case Study: Phi for an Adaptive e-Learning Application 4.1 Description of the Use Case 4.2 Data Stream 4.3 Architecture 4.4 DevOps Principles 5 Evaluation 6 Conclusion References Designing Monitoring Systems for Complex Event Processing in Big Data Contexts 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 IEB Logging System Architecture 4 Demonstration Case in the Context of Industry 4.0 4.1 Data Models 4.2 Producers and Consumers Monitoring Process 4.3 Data Representation in the IEB Web Visualization Platform 4.4 Demonstration Case Insights and Discussion 5 Conclusions and Future Work References Evaluation of Machine Learning Methods for the Experimental Classification and Clustering of Higher Education Institutions 1 Introduction 2 Motivation 3 Methods 4 Methodology 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusions References Multi-language Sentiment Analysis – Lesson Learnt from NLP Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 3 Syntax and Semantics of Natural Language 4 Case Study 5 Results of Analysis 6 Conclusions References Modeling User Engagement Profiles for Detection of Digital Subscription Propensity 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 User Engagement Profile Updating 4 Datasets 5 Experimentation Setup 5.1 KKBox's Dataset Experiments 5.2 Publisher's Dataset Experiments 6 Results 6.1 Results of KKBox's Dataset Experiments 6.2 Results of Publisher's Dataset Experiments 7 Conclusions References Using Result Profiles to Drive Meta-learning 1 Introduction 2 Meta-learning for Ranking Learning Machines 3 Motivation – From Passive to Active Ranking 4 Result Profile Driven Meta-learning 5 The Experiment Settings 6 Results and Analysis 7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives References Blockchain Technology and Applications Computation of Blockchain Readiness Under Partial Information 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Readiness Indexes 3 Indicators of Blockchain Readiness 3.1 Technology Indicators 3.2 Industry Indicators 3.3 User Engagement Indicators 3.4 Government Regulation Indicators 4 Robust Indexing: Proposed Model 4.1 Estimation of Missing Indicators 4.2 Ranking 5 Experimental Data and Setup 6 Evaluation Results 7 Conclusions and Future Work References Blockchain Application in Luxury Brand Strategy: What Does Blockchain Technology Mean to Luxury Brands? 1 Introduction 2 Identification of Core Values and Opportunities in the Luxury Sector 2.1 Core Values of a Luxury Brand 2.2 Exceptional Quality and Innovation 2.3 Exclusivity and Heritage 2.4 Significant Symbols and Values Perceived by Customers 3 Methodology 3.1 Verification of Luxury Market Features and Application Areas Through the Delphi Approach 3.2 First-Round Interview Question Design 3.3 Second-Round Interview Question Design 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Knowledge Level in Relation to Blockchain Technology 4.2 Customer Decision Journey in a Luxury Shopper Scenario 4.3 Evaluation of the Core Values and Application Fields 5 Conclusion and Implications References Exploring the Need for Blockchain-Based National Population Census 1 Introduction 2 Blockchain Technology 3 Research Method 4 Drawbacks and Gaps in Census Enumeration 4.1 Population Coverage 4.2 Ethnic and Racial Discrimination 4.3 Privacy Concerns 4.4 Census Data Distribution 4.5 Cost of Census 4.6 Cooperation and Participation 5 Blockchain-Based National Population Census 6 Conclusion References Blockchain Applications in Smart Grid A Review and a Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Research Approach 3 Blockchain Technology 4 Application of Blockchain Technology in the Energy Sector 4.1 Wholesale Market 4.2 Smart Grid Management 4.3 Trading Support for Prosumers in Microgrids 4.4 Interactive Loads Between Grids and Electric Vehicles 5 Achievements and Limitations of Smart Grid Blockchain Projects 5.1 Achievements from EU Academic Research Projects 5.2 Achievements from Industrial Practice 5.3 Limitations and Challenges 6 Case Study: The Smart-MLA Microgrid Architecture 7 Conclusion References Exploring ICO’s Phenomenon: Developing a Taxonomy of Academic and Non-academic Discourse 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 3 Methodology 4 Material Collection and Sample Description 5 Taxonomy Description 5.1 Research Topics 6 Preliminary Evaluation and Discussion 7 Conclusion References How Decentralized is Decentralized Governance Really? - A Network Analysis of ERC20 Platforms 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 2.1 Blockchain Technology 2.2 Governance of Blockchain Platforms 3 Methodology 3.1 Database 3.2 Distribution and Network Analysis 4 Results 4.1 Distribution of Tokens 4.2 Degree Assortativity 4.3 Degree Distribution 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion and Outlook References Using a Hybrid Approach of Game Design, Blockchain Technology and Learning Analytics in Higher Education Institutions: A Case Study of the British University in Dubai 1 Introduction 2 Practical Problem 3 Literature Review 3.1 E-Learning Systems 3.2 Gamification (Game Design) 3.3 Blockchain Technology 3.4 Learning Analytics 4 Innovation Approach 4.1 Design and Development 4.2 Demonstration 4.3 Evaluation 5 Findings and Analysis 6 Case Study: LMSD Deployment in the British University in Dubai 6.1 Final LMSD System 6.2 Cost of Implementation 6.3 Other Required Resources 6.4 Challenges of Implementation 6.5 Post-implementation Phase 7 Conclusion References Blockchain Technology and Waste Management: A Systematic Literature Review 1 Introduction and Research Problem 2 Literature Review 2.1 Waste Management and Its Impacts on Nature and human’s Health 2.2 Obstacles of Current Waste Management Practices 2.3 Current Technologies Used in SWM (Solid Waste Management) 2.4 Background of the Blockchain Technology 2.5 Blockchain and Waste Management 3 Methodology - Systematic Review 3.1 Planning Phase 3.2 The Conducting Phase 3.3 Reporting Phase 4 Key Findinds 4.1 Finding-1: Environmental Obstacles 4.2 Finding-2: Benefit of Traceability on the System 4.3 Finding-3: Technical and Physical Barriers 4.4 Finding-4: Limitation of the Use of Blockchain in Waste Management 5 Conclusion and Discussion References Cloud Computing The Adoption of Cloud Computing in South Africa’s Oil and Gas Industry 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 The Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) Framework 4 Research Methodology 5 Findings and Discussions 5.1 Current Level of Adoption 5.2 Technology Factors Influencing the Cloud Computing Adoption 5.3 Organizational Factors Influencing the Cloud Computing Adoption 5.4 Environmental Factors Influencing the Cloud Computing Adoption 5.5 Risks and Challenges 6 Conclusion References A Semantic Driven Approach for Efficient Cloud Service Composition 1 Introduction 2 Motivating Scenario 3 Cloud Service Composition: Problem Definition and Formulation 3.1 Cloud Service Discovery and Selection 3.2 Semantic Description of Cloud Service 3.3 Composability Model for Cloud Services 3.4 Composite Service Generation 4 Related Work 5 Conclusion References Digital Governance Digital Transformation Strategy and Organizational Change in the Public Sector: Evaluating E-Government IS and User Satisfaction 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 3 Methodology 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Towards Smart Cities 4.0: Digital Participation in Smart Cities Solutions and the Use of Disruptive Technologies 1 Introduction 2 Background on Smart Cities 2.1 Smart Cities Stakeholders 2.2 Smart Cities and Digital Participation 2.3 Smart Cities and Disruptive Technologies 3 Methodological Approach 4 Classification of Digital Participation Initiatives 5 Taxonomy 5.1 Taxonomy of the Results Emerged from Digital Participation 5.2 Prioritization of Needs Based on Digital Participation 6 Conclusions References E-GovSTP: An E-Government Model for a Small Island State, the Case of São Tomé and Principe 1 Introduction and Problem Formulation 2 E-Government Models and Small Island States 2.1 E-Government Models and Frameworks 2.2 The Local Context of São Tomé and Principe 3 Towards the Design of the E-GovSTP Model 3.1 A Suitable Research Methodology 4 Preliminary Steps of the E-GovSTP Model 5 Conclusions References Mobile Government Service Delivery Challenges in Municipalities 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 2 Informing Literature 2.1 E-Government Overview 2.2 M-Government Adoption, Opportunities and Challenges 3 Research Methods 3.1 Research Approach 4 Findings and Discussion 4.1 Mobile Government Application Background 4.2 Local Government Challenges and Perceptions 4.3 Citizens’ Challenges and Perceptions 5 Conclusion, Recommendations and Future Research 5.1 Concluding Remarks 5.2 Recommendations 5.3 Contribution, Limitations and Future Research References Digital Services and Social Media Why Do People Not Install Corona-Warn-App? Evidence from Social Media 1 Introduction 2 Literature 3 The Corona-Warn-App 4 Research Method 5 Results 5.1 Sentiment Analysis 5.2 Word Cloud 5.3 Content Analysis 5.4 Misinformation 5.5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References User Perception of Algorithmic Digital Marketing in Conditions of Scarcity 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Targeted Marketing Online 2.2 Users' Perceptions of Fairness in Algorithmic Processes 2.3 Persuasive Marketing Techniques 3 Methodology and Research Questions 3.1 Data analysis 4 Analysis 5 Discussion 6 Limitations and Conclusions References The Influence of Locus of Control in the Actualisation of Mobile Dating Applications Affordances to Mitigate Privacy and Security Concerns 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Affordances of Mobile Dating Applications 2.2 Privacy Concerns of MDA Users 2.3 Security Concerns of MDA Users 2.4 Social Media Users’ Locus of Control 3 Methodology 4 Findings 4.1 Internal Locus of Control and MDA Affordance Actualisation 4.2 External Locus of Control and MDA Affordance Actualisation 5 Discussion and Conclusion References Technology Acceptance of MS Teams Among University Teachers During COVID-19 1 Introduction 2 Related Research 3 Hypotheses 4 Participants 5 Instrument 6 Results 7 Discussion 8 Conclusions and Further Research 9 Limitations Appendix References Sense of Presence in VR Mobile Application 1 Introduction 2 Virtual Reality Applications 3 Methodology of Sense of Presence Studies 4 Pilot Study 4.1 Test Setup 4.2 Results of Pilot Tests 5 Final Study 5.1 Participants 5.2 Test Setup 5.3 Results of Final Study 6 Discussion and Conclusions References Positive Online Customer Experience as an Antecedent of the Willingness to Share Information with an E-Commerce Retailer 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Constructing the Conceptual Framework 3.1 Willingness to Share Information and Customer Loyalty 3.2 Antecedents of the Willingness to Share Information 4 Conceptual Framework and Discussion References Introducing Sentient Requirements for Information Systems and Digital Technologies 1 Introduction 2 Research Approach 3 Emergence of Sentient Requirements 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion and Future Works References Emerging Computing Technologies and Trends for Business Process Management Counterfactual Explanations for Predictive Business Process Monitoring 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Motivation and Problem Statement 4 Approach 4.1 The LORE Technique as Starting Point 4.2 Preliminaries 4.3 The LORELEY Technique 5 Experiment Setup 6 Experiment Results 7 Limitations 8 Conclusion and Outlook References Factors that Affects the Use of AI Agents in Adaptive Learning: A Sociomaterial and Mcdonaldization Approach in the Higher Education Sector 1 Introduction 2 Contextual Background: HEI and AI Agents/Chatbots 2.1 Artificial Intelligence and AI Agents/Chatbots 2.2 Higher Education and the Use of AI Agents/Chatbots 3 Theoretical Background 3.1 Adaptive E-Learning 3.2 Mcdonaldization Theory 3.3 Sociomateriality Theory 4 Factors that Affects the Use of AI Agents/Chatbots for Adaptive Learning in HES: The Proposed Research Model 5 Conclusions and Future Developments References Artificial Intelligence in the Innovation Process - Do We Pay Attention to This Participant in Innovative Projects? 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 2.1 Artificial Intelligence in Process Management 2.2 Project Management for Innovation 2.3 Innovation Process 3 Research Design 3.1 Data Selection 3.2 Bibliometric Analysis 4 Results and Discussion: Artificial Intelligence in Innovation Process 5 Conclusion References Healthcare Information Systems Assessment of Machine Learning Classifiers for Heart Diseases Discovery 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Material and Method 3.1 Dataset 3.2 Methodology 3.3 Proposed System 3.4 Performance Evaluation 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Discussion 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Digital Transformation Approach to Public Hospitals Environment: Technology Acceptance Model for Business Intelligence Applications 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 3 Proposed Theoretical Model 4 Conclusions References Health is Wealth: A Conceptual Overview of Virtual Healthcare & Future Research Directions [1995–2021] 1 Introduction and Related Work 2 Methodology 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Using 3D-Technology to Support Facial Treatment 1 Introduction 2 Practitioner Training 3 Medical Model: The MD Codes 4 Prototype Architecture 4.1 Hardware 4.2 Software 5 Usage 6 Prototype Features 7 Prototype Test 7.1 Test Conditions 7.2 Medical Model 7.3 3D-Technology 7.4 Discussion 8 Conclusion 9 Future work References Online Health Communities: The Impact of AI Conversational Agents on Users 1 Introduction 2 Contextual Background: OHCs AI Agents/Chatbots 3 The Impact of AI Agents/Chatbots on OHCs’ Users 3.1 The Proposed UTAUT Model and Our Main Hypotheses 3.2 Research Methodology 4 Results, Findings and Discussion 5 Contributions, Conclusion, Limitations and Future Research Appendixes Appendix A: Demographic Characteristics of the Study Population Appendix B: Experience Related to the Use of Chatbots in OHCs Appendix C: Descriptive Analysis of UTAUT Main Constructs References Information Systems Security and Information Privacy Protection GDPR-Compliant Data Processing: Practical Considerations 1 Introduction 2 Common Ground 2.1 Causes and Goals 2.2 Relevance and Difficulties 3 Data Collection 4 Data Protection 4.1 Security by Design 4.2 Pseudonymization 4.3 Encryption 4.4 Measuring Security 4.5 Data Breaches 5 Data Operations 5.1 Rights of Access and Portability 5.2 Rights to Rectification and Erasure 6 Conclusion References Naïve Bayes Based Classifier for Credit Card Fraud Discovery 1 Background and Related Works 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Dataset 2.2 Machine Learning (ML) 2.3 Naïve Bayes 2.4 Proposed Method 2.5 Performance Evaluation 3 Result and Discussions 3.1 Discussion 4 Conclusion and Future Research Direction References Investigating Cyber Security Awareness Among Preservice Teachers During the COVID-19 Pandemic 1 Introduction 2 Related Literature 2.1 Cyber Security 2.2 What is Cyber Security Awareness? 2.3 The Need for Cyber Awareness Among Preservice Teachers 2.4 Common Cyber Security Threats that May Target University Students 2.5 Current Practices of Cyber Security Awareness and Challenges 3 Methods 3.1 Research Participants 3.2 Data Collection and Analysis Procedures 3.3 Ethical Consideration 4 Results 4.1 Demographic Information 4.2 Actual Cyber Security Awareness Among Preservice Teachers 4.3 Knowledge of Cyber Security Threats and Risks Among Preservice Teachers Using Online Digital Technologies 4.4 Strategies Used to Deal with Cyber Security Threats and Risks When Using Digital Technologies 4.5 Impact of Cyber Security Awareness on the Use of Digital Technologies for Remote Learning 5 Discussion of Findings 5.1 What is the Level of Cyber Security Awareness Among Preservice Teachers? 5.2 What are Cyber Security Threats and Risks that Preservice Teachers are Familiar With? 5.3 How do Preservice Teachers Deal with Cyber Security Threats and Risks When using Digital Technologies? 5.4 How do Cyber Security Threats and Risks Affect The Use of Digital Technologies among Preservice Teachers? 6 Conclusions, Limitations and Recommendations References Diversity of Students’ Unethical Behaviors in Online Learning Amid COVID-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Analysis 1 Introduction 1.1 Research Background 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 Research Design 3.2 Sample 3.3 Instrument 3.4 Procedure 4 Results 4.1 Descriptive Statistics 4.2 Factor Analysis 5 Discussion 5.1 Discussion of Result 5.2 Discussion of Classification 5.3 Additional Findings 6 Limitations 7 Conclusions and Further Research References An Empirical Investigation of Agile Information Systems Development for Cybersecurity 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Overview of Software Security 2.2 Secure Software Development Models 2.3 Security and Agile for Information Systems Development 3 Method 3.1 Research Sites 3.2 Data Collection 3.3 Data analysis 4 Findings 4.1 Software Security Testing 4.2 Security Specialist Role 5 Discussion 5.1 Software Testing Methods Used in Practice (RQ1) 5.2 Integration of Security Specialist Role into Agile Process (RQ2) 6 Conclusion References Innovative Research Projects Increasing the Security of Smart Cities of the Future Thanks to UWB Technology 1 Introduction 2 Detection and Identification of the Environment 3 Proposal to Use UWB System 4 Conducted Research and Obtained Results 5 Conclusion References Exploring the Impacts of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Implementation at Individual and Team Levels: A Case Study in the UAE Government Sector 1 Introduction 2 AI Implementation in Organisations 3 Research Method 4 Case Study Findings 4.1 AI Implementation in the Case Study Organisation 4.2 Impacts of AI at the Individual Level 4.3 Impact of AI at the Team-Level 5 Discussion and Conclusion References IT Governance and Alignment Smart Government and Smart Citizens as a Smart Cities Building Blocks. A Survey 1 Introduction 2 Idea of the Smart Cities 3 Smart Governance and Smart Citizens 4 Research Method and Results 5 Results of the Study 6 Conclusions and Future Work References Management and Organisational Issues in Information Systems ICT and Creativity: How ICT Impacts Creativity in a Saudi University 1 Introduction 2 ICT Systems and Organizational Creativity 3 Theoretical Framework 4 Methodology 5 The University, ICT, and Creativity 6 Conclusion References Democratizing Enterprise AI Success Factors and Challenges: A Systematic Literature Review and a Proposed Framework 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 3 Method 3.1 Planning the Review 3.2 Research Questions 3.3 Conducting the Review 3.4 Screen for Inclusion 4 Results 5 Discussion 5.1 What is the Concept of Democratic Thinking of AI in Enterprise? 5.2 Success Factors for Artificial Intelligence Democratization in Enterprises? 5.3 Challenges Reported for Artificial Intelligence Democratization in Enterprises? 5.4 The Mutual Impact Between AI and EA 6 Conclusions References Organizational Aspects in Achieving a Successful Digital Transformation: Case of an ERP System Change 1 Introduction 2 Research Background 2.1 Digital Transformation 2.2 Enterprise Resource Planning System 2.3 Digital Transformation 2.4 Conceptual Framework for Digital Transformation Success 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Case Study Description 3.2 Data Collection 3.3 Data Analysis 4 Results 5 Conclusions References Understanding Well-Being in Virtual Teams: A Comparative Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Relevant Literature 2.1 The Literature on (G)VTs 2.2 Job Demands-Resources (JDR) Framework 3 Methodological Approach 3.1 Phase 1 Case Organizations and Participants 3.2 Phase 1 Data Collection and Analysis Process 4 Phase 1 Research Findings 4.1 Emerging Job Demands in VTs 4.2 Reduced Job Resources in VTs 5 Discussion 5.1 Theoretical Contributions 5.2 Practical Contributions 6 Conclusion, Limitations, and Next Steps (Phases 2 and 3) References Technology as Driver, Enabler and Barrier of Digital Transformation: A Review 1 Introduction 2 Methodology and Data 2.1 Previous Literature Reviews 2.2 Article Selection 2.3 Classification Framework 3 Results 3.1 Technology as Driver of Digital Transformation 3.2 Technology as Enabler of Digital Transformation 3.3 Technology as Barrier of Digital Transformation 4 Conclusion References Towards a New Value Chain for the Audio Industry 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Deriving the Value Chain 4 Value Chain Validation 4.1 Focus Group Workshops 4.2 Interviews 5 Preliminary Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion and Next Steps References Knowledge Management Significance in Agile Organization in Lights of COVID-19 Pandemic Changes 1 Theoretical Background 1.1 Knowledge and Knowledge Management in Organization 1.2 Types of Intelligent Organization 1.3 Organizational Agility 2 Material and Methods 3 Research Results 4 Conclusions and Limitations References An Agile Approach for Managing Microservices-Based Software Development: Case Study in FinTech 1 Introduction 2 Research Context 2.1 Agile Development 2.2 Microservice Architecture 2.3 FinTech 3 Research Approach and Methodology 3.1 Research Question 3.2 Design Science 3.3 Research Approach and Method 4 Meta-model 4.1 AgileMS Process Elements Meta-model 4.2 Overview of AgileMS from a Software Modeling Perspective 4.3 Overview of AgileMS from a Structural Perspective 5 FinTech's Case Study 6 Evaluation 7 Conclusion References The Continued Innovation-Decision Process – A Case Study of Continued Adoption of Robotic Process Automation 1 Introduction 2 Adoption of Technology and Robotic Process Automation 2.1 Different Elements of Adoption and Acceptance Decisions 2.2 The Adoption of RPA 3 Case Introduction 4 Methodology 5 Findings 5.1 Competing Technologies and Compliance with EA 5.2 The Resourcing Model of the Development 5.3 Incomplete Processes 5.4 Interaction Between Developers and Other Teams 5.5 The Amount of Knowledge and Ideas 5.6 Resistance to Change and Trust 6 Conclusion Appendix 1 References The Role of Agile Pockets in Agile Transformation 1 Introduction 2 Theorizing Agile Pockets 2.1 Defining Agile Pockets 2.2 Characterizing Agile Pockets and Their Surroundings 2.3 On Boundaries and Bridges in the Stress Zone 2.4 Dynamics of Agile Pockets 2.5 Summarizing Agile Pockets 3 The Role of Agile Pockets in Agile Transformation 3.1 Four Types of Agile Pockets 4 Validation and Further Development 5 Conclusion References Author Index