Influence of sampling strategies on the monitoring of cyanobacteria in shallow lakes: Lessons from a case study in France

Sampling cyanobacteria in freshwater ecosystems is a crucial aspect of monitoring programs in both basic and applied research. Despite this, few papers have dealt with this aspect, and a high proportion of cyanobacteria monitoring programs are still based on monthly or twice-monthly water sampling, usually performed at a single location. In this study, we conducted high frequency spatial and temporal water sampling in a small eutrophic shallow lake that experiences cyanobacterial blooms every year. We demonstrate that the spatial and temporal aspects of the sampling strategy had a considerable impact on the findings of cyanobacteria monitoring in this lake. In particular, two peaks of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae cell abundances were usually not picked up by the various temporal sampling strategies tested. In contrast, sampling once a month was sufficient to provide a good overall estimation of the population dynamics of Microcystis aeruginosa. The spatial frequency of sampling was also important, and the choice in the location of the sampling points around the lake was very important if only two or three sampling points were used. When four or five sampling points were used, this reduced the impact of the choice of the location of the sampling points, and allowed to obtain fairly similar results than when six sampling points were used. These findings demonstrate the importance of the sampling strategy in cyanobacteria monitoring, and the fact that it is impossible to propose a single universal sampling strategy that is appropriate for all freshwater ecosystems and also for all cyanobacteria. IFC_IFC_Editorial-BoardPublication-Information_WATRES_1......Page 1 Introduction......Page 2 Sampling strategy and cell counting......Page 3 Change over time in the population dynamics of the two dominant cyanobacterial species......Page 4 Influence of sampling frequency on the estimation of the population dynamics......Page 5 Evolution of the horizontal distribution of cyanobacteria in the lake during the bloom......Page 6 Influence of the number of sampling points on the estimated cyanobacterial cell abundances in the lake......Page 7 Diel variations in the subsurface cyanobacterial biomass in the lake......Page 8 Discussion......Page 9 Appendix Supplementary data......Page 10 References......Page 11 1015_1024_Ozonation-and-activated-carbon-treatment-of-sewage-effluents-Removal-of-endocrine-activity-and-cytotoxicity_WATRES......Page 12 Assessing the public health risk of microbial intrusion events in distribution systems: Conceptual model, available data, a .........Page 375 Definition of intrusion events......Page 376 Recombinant yeast screens......Page 13 Statistical analysis......Page 14 Sulfamethoxazole......Page 279 qPCR analysis......Page 266 Anti-estrogenicity......Page 15 Detection of PMMoV in human and animal feces......Page 358 Anti-androgenicity......Page 16 AhR agonistic activity......Page 17 Cytotoxicity......Page 18 Discussion......Page 19 Reference......Page 262 References......Page 66 1025_1038_Surveillance-of-adenoviruses-and-noroviruses-in-European-recreational-waters_WATRES......Page 22 Introduction......Page 355 Introduction......Page 23 Materials and methods......Page 24 Sampling sites......Page 285 Statistical analysis......Page 85 Concentration of freshwater samples by glass wool filtration......Page 25 Crude enzyme extraction, assays and protein content......Page 26 Effects of different kinds of water on degradation efficiency......Page 192 Faecal indicator organisms......Page 27 Water type......Page 28 Archaeal DGGE......Page 213 QPCR assay for the detection of HAdV DNA......Page 29 Robustness of virus detection methods......Page 30 Discussion......Page 132 Experimental results and discussion......Page 151 The ‘Virobathe’ group......Page 32 References......Page 342 References......Page 90 Introduction......Page 36 Methods......Page 37 Study site description and sampling procedure......Page 137 Characterization of volumes of water that may enter through the different pathways......Page 328 BAC inhibition assessment via oxygen consumption......Page 38 Morphology of granules......Page 246 Metabolism and basic reactions......Page 308 Fraction 1 (F1)......Page 39 Formation of low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOA)......Page 41 Bioavailability of DOC in F1–F3......Page 42 Conclusions......Page 43 Acknowledgements......Page 44 Biodiversity and population dynamics of microorganisms in a full-scale membrane bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment......Page 46 Introduction......Page 394 Sampling and analysis of batch experiments......Page 49 Chemicals......Page 256 PCR and quantitative PCR (q-PCR)......Page 50 Nucleotide sequencing......Page 286 PCR amplification......Page 62 Conclusion......Page 51 Model results......Page 55 Conclusions......Page 56 Author contributions......Page 57 References......Page 58 Efficiency of water disinfectants against Legionella pneumophila and Acanthamoeba......Page 60 Preparation of MS-2 phages and B. subtilis spores......Page 61 Classification algorithms......Page 411 Results and discussion......Page 237 Pesticides......Page 63 Reactions of brominated amino compounds with AC......Page 229 Regeneration......Page 130 References......Page 333 Concentration levels of urea in swimming pool water and reactivity of chlorine with urea......Page 68 Material and methods......Page 320 Sample preparation......Page 69 Results and discussion......Page 70 Indicator compounds and detection ratios in secondary- or tertiary-treated effluents......Page 71 Sewage concentrations compared to other studies......Page 72 Improvement of the TOBr measurement with ozonated AC......Page 231 Effects of odor control unit on musk emissions......Page 73 References......Page 74 References......Page 304 1079_1086_Biochemical-oxygen-demand-and-nutrient-processing-in-a-novel-multi-stage-raw-municipal-wastewater-and-acid-mine-drainage-passive-co-treatment-system_WATRES......Page 76 Correlation of bacterial communities supported by different organic materials with sulfate reduction in metal-rich landfill .........Page 102 Study area......Page 77 Experimental set-up......Page 113 Trimethoprim......Page 79 Feast phase......Page 310 Distribution and molecular typing of S. enterica subsp. enterica......Page 247 References......Page 82 Introduction......Page 84 Detection of viruses by real time (RT-) PCR......Page 357 Chlorine treatment at 30 °C and 50 °C......Page 86 Introduction......Page 92 Capillary electrophoresis......Page 93 T-RFLP analysis......Page 265 Results and discussion......Page 94 Detection and quantification of viruses in wastewater samples......Page 359 Model calibration......Page 311 Carbamazepine photodegradation under simulated solar irradiation......Page 95 Molecular characterization......Page 97 Conclusions......Page 99 Acknowledgements......Page 292 Conclusion......Page 134 Standard compounds and chemicals......Page 103 Analytical methods......Page 145 Sample preparation......Page 104 Sample preparation and performance data of chemical analysis......Page 105 Public health risk and low pressure events......Page 379 q(RT-) PCR inhibition control......Page 107 Degradation of estrogens by isolated bacterial strains......Page 109 Discussion......Page 120 Acknowledgements......Page 111 1115_1128_Correlation-of-bacterial-communities-supported-by-different-organic-materials-with-sulfate-reduction-in-metal-rich-landfill-leachate_WATRES......Page 112 Introduction......Page 245 Experimental procedure......Page 345 DNA extraction......Page 114 Existing QMRA models assessing the impact of intrusion events in distribution systems......Page 389 Results and discussion......Page 115 Bacterial community structure......Page 116 Silage......Page 117 ABR pulp mill biosolids......Page 118 Bacteriological and physicochemical parameters of river water samples......Page 360 Variations in bacterial population among different materials......Page 121 Sorption of ATX......Page 122 Supplementary material......Page 123 References......Page 207 1129_1138_Biodiversity-and-population-dynamics-of-microorganisms-in-a-full-scale-membrane-bioreactor-for-municipal-wastewater-treatment_WATRES......Page 126 Background......Page 127 Enumeration of somatic coliphages......Page 128 Population dynamics of total bacteria and N-cycling communities: MBR versus CAS......Page 129 1139_1146_Concentration-levels-of-urea-in-swimming-pool-water-and-reactivity-of-chlorine-with-urea_WATRES......Page 136 DNA extraction......Page 212 Change in urea concentration in a spa water during an opening day......Page 138 Salt regeneration......Page 139 Statistical analyses of the quantitative shifts in methanogenic communities......Page 214 Effect of pH......Page 140 Effect of chlorine dose on urea, TOC and TN removals and on the production of nitrate......Page 141 Effect of initial concentrations of reactants on reaction kinetics......Page 142 References......Page 275 References......Page 143 Introduction......Page 144 Batch inhibition assay using the mixed aerobic culture......Page 236 Preparation of halogenated samples......Page 227 Concentration of environmental water samples for viral analyses......Page 156 Acknowledgements......Page 183 Transport dynamics of PAHs during snowmelt......Page 150 Supplementary data......Page 152 Introduction......Page 154 Bicarbonate-form anion exchange: Affinity, regeneration, and stoichiometry......Page 295 Materials and methods......Page 155 Feature selection......Page 409 Organic and nitrogen removal in the MAMFC and DAMFC......Page 157 Nitrifying bacteria activities and community structure......Page 158 Voltage output in MFCs......Page 159 Microbial population in the MFCs......Page 160 Conclusion......Page 161 Occurrence, partition and removal of pharmaceuticals in sewage water and sludge during wastewater treatment......Page 162 Introduction......Page 235 Chemicals......Page 163 Instrumental analysis......Page 166 Reverse transcription (RT) reaction......Page 190 Results and discussion......Page 167 References......Page 172 Introduction......Page 174 Adsorption kinetics......Page 175 For adsorption kinetics......Page 176 For Cu (II)/Cd (II) binary system......Page 178 For Pb (II)/Cd (II) binary system......Page 179 Model of binary adsorption isotherms......Page 180 For Cu (II)/Pb (II) binary systems......Page 181 Description of the binary adsorption kinetics......Page 182 References......Page 293 Molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres enhanced biodegradation of bisphenol A by acclimated activated sludge......Page 186 Characterization of occurrence of pathogens that may enter the distribution system through the pathways of the intruded water......Page 188 Batch experiments......Page 336 Discussion......Page 249 Acknowledgements......Page 194 References......Page 233 1199_1212_Indicator-compounds-for-assessment-of-wastewater-effluent-contributions-to-flow-and-water-quality_WATRES......Page 196 Introduction......Page 366 Introduction......Page 226 Material and methods......Page 197 Results and discussion......Page 198 Attenuation of indicator compounds in highly impacted receiving waters......Page 205 Composition of bacterial and archaeal communities in freshwater sediments with different contamination levels (Lake Geneva, .........Page 210 Materials and methods......Page 211 References......Page 223 Acknowledgement......Page 404 Bioreactors......Page 228 Determination of biofilm thickness and elasticity......Page 347 Measurement of TOCl and TOBr concentrations with ozonated AC for chlorinated wastewater effluents and swimming pool water s .........Page 232 Step 2 – estimation of BAC biodegradation constants KSI, kI1 and kI2......Page 240 The pollutants removal performance......Page 268 References......Page 242 1247_1257_Molecular-subtypes-of-Campylobacter-spp.,-Salmonella-enterica,-and-Escherichia-coli-O157H7-isolated-from-faecal-and-surface-water-samples-in-the-Oldman-River-watershed,-Alberta,-Canada_W......Page 244 A combined approach for a better understanding of wastewater treatment plants operation: Statistical analysis of monitoring .........Page 264 E. coli O157:H7 CGF and PFGE typing......Page 248 Acknowledgements......Page 253 1258_1266_Applying-an-electric-field-in-a-built-in-zero-valent-iron-–-Anaerobic-reactor-for-enhancement-of-sludge-granulation_WATRES......Page 255 Analysis......Page 257 Results and discussion......Page 258 Analytical methods......Page 260 Gas composition......Page 261 Analytical methods......Page 267 Nitrification and denitrification performance......Page 269 Microbial activity......Page 271 Microbial community......Page 272 Direct and indirect photolysis of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in wastewater treatment plant effluent......Page 277 Photolysis......Page 278 Bioenergetic predictions......Page 281 Acknowledgements......Page 282 References......Page 283 1287_1297_Quantification-and-molecular-characterization-of-enteric-viruses-detected-in-effluents-from-two-hospital-wastewater-treatment-plants_WATRES......Page 284 Introduction......Page 344 Molecular characterization......Page 289 WWTP-A......Page 397 Acknowledgements......Page 324 Hospital WWTPs and viral detection......Page 290 Methods for detecting enteric viruses in hospital wastewater......Page 291 Materials and methods......Page 296 QPCR......Page 297 Data acquisition......Page 408 Variability in ap-solids measurements......Page 298 Archaeal DGGE and phylogenetic analysis......Page 303 1309_1321_Metabolic-modeling-of-mixed-substrate-uptake-for-polyhydroxyalkanoate-(PHA)-production_WATRES......Page 306 Measurement and model evaluations......Page 312 Observed variables and estimated parameters......Page 314 Influence of the substrate composition on polymer composition......Page 315 Maximum P/O ratio......Page 316 Acknowledgements......Page 317 Ultraviolet absorption properties of suspended particulate matter in untreated surface waters......Page 319 Absorption of UV light by suspended particles......Page 321 Sensitivity of ap-solids to β(λ) and specific gravity......Page 323 Introduction......Page 326 Materials......Page 327 Affinity......Page 329 Stoichiometry......Page 331 1338_1346_Sorption-of-the-cyanobacterial-toxins-cylindrospermopsin-and-anatoxin-a-to-sediments_WATRES......Page 335 Main sorption experiment......Page 337 Results and discussion......Page 338 Sorption of CYN......Page 340 Sorption comparison and environmental relevance......Page 341 Electrochemical measurement theory......Page 346 In situ experimental settings......Page 348 Methodology......Page 349 Conclusion......Page 352 Acknowledgments......Page 353 Acknowledgements......Page 390 Detection of indicator bacteria......Page 356 Conclusions......Page 361 Human adenoviruses and human polyomaviruses......Page 362 Acknowledgments......Page 363 Microautoradiography......Page 367 Oxygenase activity......Page 368 Biomass properties......Page 369 Microautoradiography......Page 370 Metabolites......Page 371 Significance......Page 372 Supplementary information......Page 374 References......Page 417 Characterization of causes, magnitudes, durations and frequencies of low/negative pressure events......Page 380 Multivariate statistical analysis......Page 382 Characterization of the fate and transport of pathogens from the pathways of entry to customer taps......Page 385 Monitoring of WWTP parameters......Page 395 Total protein and total polysaccharide analysis by UV-Vis spectroscopy......Page 396 WWTP-B......Page 398 WWTP-B......Page 399 Settling properties......Page 401 Optical analysis of the sludge by confocal microscopy......Page 402 Discussion......Page 403 Introduction......Page 406 Experiments on feature selection......Page 412 Classification results......Page 413 Experimental validation on six representative case studies......Page 414 Conclusions......Page 416