Inflammation and Obesity : A New and Novel Approach to Manage Obesity and Its Consequences

Inflammation and Obesity: A New and Novel Approach to Manage Obesity and its Consequences is a comprehensive and up-to-date exploration of the correlation between obesity and inflammation. From the pathophysiology of obesity and inflammation, to the molecular mechanisms of obesity induced chronic inflammation, the book discusses how obesity and inflammation interact with other diseases. It highlights the hidden risk factors of obesity induced chronic inflammation, provides specific patient management guidelines regarding the higher inflammatory response in patients, and concludes with new therapeutic strategies to address inflammation in obese patients. Identifies the hidden physiological changes that accompany obesity, while also highlighting the challenge of managing obesity with a higher inflammatory response Discusses major hidden health risks of inflammation that accompany obesity, as well as management guidelines for obese patients Links the pathophysiology of inflammation and obesity to the therapeutic strategies that minimizes risk factors, thus opening new areas of research Front Cover Inflammation and Obesity: A New and Novel Approach to Manage Obesity and its Consequences Copyright Dedication Contents Contributors Chapter 1 Introduction to obesity and inflammation References Chapter 2 The obesity pandemic: How we are failing our patients Obesity as a disease Epidemiology Global impact of obesity Obesity worldwide Impact of increased incidence of obesity Origins of the obesity epidemic Sociodemographic factors associated with obesity [18] Behavioral factors associated with obesity Obesity and disease Type 2 diabetes Obesity and cancer Failures in management of obesity Poor training Practitioner bias References Chapter 3 Inflammation: A multifaceted and omnipresent phenomenon Inflammation Allostasis and allostatic load Inflammation triggers Obesity Physical activity Dysbiosis Diet Chronic stress Disturbed sleep Chronic infections Xenobiotics References Chapter 4 Pathophysiology of obesity Structure of adipose tissue Phenotype of obesity Ectopic fat deposition Chronic inflammation Insulin resistance Loss of Brown adipose tissue Endocrine action of adipocytes in lean and obese states Leptin Adiponectin MicroRNAs (miRNAs) Putting it together: Treatment for obesity and metabolic syndrome Restoring energy balance Harnessing Brown adipose tissue Resolving inflammation Resolving endocrine dysfunction Conclusion References Chapter 5 Consequences of inflammation in obesity Introduction Mechanism of inflammation Inflammatory processes in cardiovascular diseases and its relation to obesity Inflammatory processes in endocrine diseases and its relation to obesity Inflammatory processes in gastrointestinal diseases and its relation to obesity Inflammatory processes in musculoskeletal diseases and its relation to obesity Inflammatory processes in the central nervous system and their relation to obesity Conclusion References Chapter 6 Inflammation and obesity Obesity and inflammation Changes in adipose tissue Adipokines: Origins and effects Tumor necrosis factor alpha Interleukin 6 Adiponectin Promotion of inflammation in obesity Insulin resistance microRNA Endothelial and microvascular dysfunction Obesity, inflammation, and cancer References Chapter 7 Obesity, inflammation, and aging Inflammation and aging Immunosenescence Gut dysbiosis Cell debris Cell senescence Inflammation and obesity Metabolic inflammation Adipocyte senescence Connecting inflammation, obesity, and aging Immunocompromise Insulin resistance Atherosclerosis Alzheimer’s disease Antiinflammatory intervention for aging-related illnesses Antiinflammatory mediators in healthy aging and longevity Targeting inflammation in aging-related illnesses Conclusions References Chapter 8 Obesity, inflammation, and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract Introduction and epidemiology Limitations of BMI in obesity definition Obesity incidence in certain groups Pediatric populations Socioeconomic, racial, and equitable healthcare Etiology Genetics The connection between obesity and inflammation Pathogenesis Acute disease processes Chronic diseases processes Obesity and gastrointestinal diseases Upper GI tract Hepatobiliary Small intestine and colon Interventions Management Prevention References Chapter 9 Obesity, inflammation, and cardiovascular disorders Introduction Atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease Heart failure Arrhythmias Aortic stenosis Aneurysmal disease The obesity paradox References Chapter 10 Obesity, inflammation, and CNS disorders Introduction CNS disorders associated with obesity Idiopathic intracranial hypertension Obesity and stroke Autoimmune CNS disorders and obesity Obesity, inflammation, and cognition Conclusions References Chapter 11 Obesity, inflammation and muscle weakness Introduction Obesity and relative muscle weakness Mechanisms Clinical consequences of relative muscle weakness in obesity Prevention and treatment Sarcopenic obesity Definitions Prevalence Mechanisms Reduced physical activity Proinflammatory cytokines Adipokines (leptin and adiponectin) Myokines Hormones Clinical consequences Sarcopenic obesity and frailty Sarcopenic obesity and cancer Sarcopenic obesity and coexisting conditions other than cancer Treatment Summary and conclusions References Chapter 12 Resolution of inflammation Resolution of inflammation Cyclopentenone prostaglandins Therapeutic applications Apoptotic cells and their clearance Therapeutic applications microRNA Therapeutic applications Resolution-directed lipid mediators of inflammation Lipoxins Therapeutic applications Resolvins Maresins Therapeutic applications Protectins Therapeutic applications References Chapter 13 Physical activity in obesity and inflammation prevention and management Introduction Obesity-related inflammation Physical activity and obesity-related inflammation Evidence from observational studies Evidence from interventional studies Weight loss and maintenance Conclusion References Chapter 14 Diet and inflammation in obesity: Prevention and management The obesity epidemic Pathophysiology of obesity Leptin and inflammation Obesity and markers of inflammation—Are they adequate? Diet and obesity Sugar and obesity Sugar and inflammation High fat Essential fatty acids Saturated and unsaturated fat Trans fats What is an antiinflammatory diet Antiinflammatory diet and weight loss Antiinflammatory benefits of popular diets The long-term outlook References Chapter 15 Management of obesity and related inflammatory disorders Introduction Behavioral weight management strategies and inflammation Impact of diet The impact of exercise The role of the microbiome in treatment of obesity and inflammation Probiotics Prebiotics Synbiotics Role of weight loss medications Bariatric interventions endoscopic/surgical and inflammation Impact of endoscopic interventions Impact of bariatric surgery Roux-en-y gastric bypass (RYGB) Sleeve gastrectomy Less common surgical procedures A standardized evaluation of inflammation in patients with obesity A stepwise approach for managing inflammation and weight in the obese patients References Chapter 16 New therapeutic strategies in the management of obesity-modulated inflammation Staging obesity-related inflammation Glucose-insulin homeostasis biomarkers Insulin and proinsulin C-peptides Adipose tissue biomarkers Adiponectin Resistin Inflammatory biomarkers C-reactive protein Cytokines Omic-based biomarkers The microbiome and obesity Alternative treatments for obesity Treating the individual Epigenetic factors in the development of obesity Artificial intelligence and management of obesity Botanicals in the treatment of obesity and obesity-related inflammation Curcumin Berberine Sleep and obesity References Index Back Cover