Infections of the Central Nervous System: Pathology and Genetics (International Society of Neuropathology Series)

Highly commended at the British Medical Association (BMA) Awards 2019, this new volume from the International Society of Neuropathology series addresses infections of the nervous system, written by expert editors. An expansive and inclusive contents list including rare disorders presented in easily referable chapters, containing; definitions, microbiological characteristics, epidemiology, clinical features, lab tests, pathology, genetics and treatment. Cover......Page 0 Title Page......Page 5 Copyright Page......Page 6 Contents......Page 7 List of Contributors......Page 11 Chapter 1 Introduction and Classification of Infections of the CNS According to the Agent......Page 17 Reference......Page 25 Chapter 2 Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy......Page 27 Clinical examination......Page 28 Physiopathology......Page 29 Ischemic processes......Page 30 Neurotransmission impairment and neurotoxicity......Page 31 Treatment, future perspective, and conclusions......Page 32 References......Page 33 Introduction......Page 37 Primary and congenital immunodeficiency......Page 38 Acquired immunodeficiencies and opportunistic infections......Page 39 OIs of the CNS in patients with lymphocytic disorders......Page 40 Intrauterine infection......Page 41 CNS infections in neonates and children......Page 42 References......Page 43 Introduction......Page 45 Clinical features and appropriate investigations......Page 46 Treatment......Page 47 Specific definition and epidemiology......Page 49 HSV and VZV encephalitis......Page 50 Encephalitides in patients who are immunocompromised......Page 51 Epidemiology and microbiology......Page 52 Neuroimaging......Page 53 Diagnostic approach to brain abscess......Page 54 Conclusions......Page 56 References......Page 57 Definition......Page 59 Microbiological characteristics......Page 60 Primary infection......Page 61 Classic HSVE......Page 62 Atypical HSVE......Page 65 Clinical features......Page 66 Treatment, future perspective, and conclusions......Page 67 References......Page 68 Definition......Page 71 Epidemiology......Page 72 Neuropathology......Page 73 Pathogenesis......Page 75 Neonatal varicella......Page 76 Clinical features......Page 77 References......Page 79 Definition of the disorder, major synonyms, and historical perspective......Page 81 Microbiological characteristics......Page 82 Clinical manifestations......Page 83 Laboratory tests......Page 84 CMV infection of the CNS in adults and children......Page 85 Treatment, future perspective, and conclusions......Page 88 References......Page 90 Introduction......Page 93 Clinical and neuroimaging features......Page 94 Pathogenesis and animal models......Page 95 References......Page 97 CNS disorders caused by polyomaviridae: history and syndromes......Page 99 Microbiological and genetic characteristics of polyomaviridae......Page 100 Clinical features and diagnosis......Page 101 PML......Page 103 JCV-Associated gray matter pathologies......Page 105 JCV-Associated inflammatory pathologies......Page 106 Treatments and future perspectives......Page 107 References......Page 108 Introduction......Page 111 Epidemiology and genetics......Page 112 Clinical presentation......Page 113 Definition of the disorder and major synonyms......Page 114 Neuropathology......Page 115 Animal models......Page 116 Treatment......Page 117 References......Page 118 Microbiological characteristics......Page 121 Major symptoms......Page 122 Laboratory testing......Page 124 Pathology......Page 125 References......Page 126 Epidemiology: Incidence and prevalence, sex, age, geographical distribution, and risk factors......Page 129 Clinical features......Page 130 Pathology of human henipavirus infection......Page 131 Animal models and pathogenesis......Page 133 References......Page 134 Introduction, microbiological characteristics, and historical perspective......Page 137 Epidemiology......Page 138 In humans......Page 140 Laboratory diagnosis......Page 141 Pathology, including histopathology and immunocytochemistry......Page 142 Treatment and future perspective......Page 143 References......Page 144 Chapter 14 Flaviviruses 1: General Introduction and Tick‐Borne Encephalitis......Page 147 Epidemiology......Page 148 Animal models and pathogenesis......Page 153 Significance, definition, and historical perspective......Page 154 Epidemiology......Page 155 Clinical features......Page 156 Pathology......Page 157 Animal models and pathogenesis......Page 159 References......Page 160 Chapter 15 Flaviviruses 2: West Nile, St. Louis Encephalitis, Murray Valley Encephalitis, Yellow Fever, and Dengue......Page 163 Vectors and hosts......Page 164 Shared symptoms and signs......Page 167 Disease-specific symptoms and signs......Page 168 Laboratory findings......Page 169 WNND......Page 170 Yellow fever......Page 172 WNV, SLEV, and MVEV neuropathogenesis......Page 173 Dengue......Page 174 Vaccines......Page 175 References......Page 177 Pathology......Page 179 Macroscopic findings......Page 180 Genetics and pathogenesis......Page 181 Treatment, future perspective, and conclusions......Page 182 References......Page 183 Definition of the disorder, major synonyms, and historical perspective......Page 185 Clinical features......Page 186 Pathology......Page 188 Pathogenesis and animal models......Page 189 References......Page 190 Definition of the disorder, major synonyms, and historical perspective......Page 193 Microbiology......Page 194 Clinical features......Page 195 Treatment......Page 196 References......Page 197 Microbiological characteristics......Page 199 Clinical features......Page 200 Pathology......Page 201 Treatment, future perspective, and conclusions......Page 202 References......Page 203 Virology and pathophysiology......Page 205 Involvement of the CNS......Page 206 Treatment and future perspectives......Page 207 References......Page 208 Definition of the disorder, major synonyms, and historical perspective......Page 211 Epidemiology......Page 212 Clinical features, diagnosis, cerebrospinal fluid, and differentials......Page 213 Genetics......Page 214 Pathogenesis......Page 215 Clinical diagnosis......Page 216 Pathogenesis......Page 217 References......Page 218 Microbiological characteristics......Page 221 Epidemiology......Page 222 Pathology......Page 224 Pathogenesis......Page 225 References......Page 227 Definition of the disorder, major synonyms, and historical perspective......Page 231 Epidemiology......Page 232 CNS changes in early HIV infection......Page 233 Neurological complications in patients with AIDS......Page 234 CNS changes in patients receiving HAART......Page 239 Pathogenesis......Page 241 References......Page 243 Chapter 24 HTLV-1 and Neurological-Associated Disease......Page 247 Microbiological characteristics of HTLV-1......Page 248 Epidemiology of HTLV-1 ......Page 250 Epidemiology of TSP/HAM......Page 251 Clinical features of TSP/HAM......Page 253 Pathology and pathogenesis......Page 254 Prevention......Page 256 References......Page 257 Virology......Page 259 HPeV detection......Page 260 HPeV3 neurological disease......Page 261 Acute HPeVA infection of adults......Page 263 References......Page 264 Introduction......Page 267 Pathology......Page 268 Pathogenesis of adem and experimental models......Page 270 Pathogenesis and experimental models......Page 271 References......Page 272 Rasmussen syndrome/Rasmussen encephalitis......Page 275 Neuropathologic features......Page 276 Differential diagnosis and pathogenesis......Page 278 Clinical features......Page 279 Epidemiology and clinical features......Page 280 References......Page 281 Mycoplasma pneumoniae......Page 283 Definition and general microbiological, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics of rickettsiosis......Page 288 SFG tick-borne rickettsioses......Page 289 Louse-borne rickettsiosis......Page 291 Flea-borne rickettsiosis......Page 292 References......Page 293 Introduction......Page 295 Chronic meningitis......Page 296 Brain abscess......Page 297 Epidural abscess......Page 298 Bacterial invasion of the CNS......Page 299 S. pneumoniae......Page 300 N. meningitidis......Page 303 GBS......Page 306 L. monocytogenes......Page 307 References......Page 308 Introduction, definition, and historical perspective......Page 311 N. meningitidis......Page 312 Special features of L. monocytogenes......Page 313 Clinical presentation......Page 314 Laboratory investigations......Page 315 Differential diagnosis......Page 316 Pathology......Page 317 Treatment......Page 319 References......Page 321 Chapter 31 Pyogenic Infections of the CNS 2: (Brain Abscess, Subdural Abscess or Empyema, Epidural Abscess, Septic Embolism, and Suppurative Intracranial Phlebitis)......Page 325 Pathology......Page 326 Definition......Page 327 Clinical features......Page 328 Intracranial epidural abscess......Page 329 Spinal epidural (extradural) abscess......Page 330 Septic embolism and mycotic aneurysm......Page 331 Suppurative intracranial phlebitis......Page 332 References......Page 333 Introduction......Page 335 Subdural empyema......Page 336 Risk factors......Page 337 Presenting symptoms......Page 339 Treatment......Page 342 References......Page 343 Epidemiology......Page 347 Diagnosis......Page 348 Microscopy......Page 349 Genetics and pathogenesis......Page 350 References......Page 351 Microbiological characteristics......Page 353 Clinical features......Page 354 Pathology......Page 355 References......Page 356 Epidemiology......Page 359 Pathology......Page 360 Genetics......Page 361 References......Page 362 Definition of the disorder, major synonyms, and historical perspective......Page 365 Epidemiology......Page 366 Tuberculous meningitis......Page 367 Tuberculoma......Page 369 Drug-resistance genetics......Page 370 Treatment, future perspective, and conclusions......Page 371 References......Page 372 Microbiological characteristics and classification......Page 373 Mycobacterium haemophilum......Page 374 Treatment......Page 376 References......Page 377 Definition of the disorder, major synonyms, and historical perspective......Page 379 Epidemiology......Page 380 Clinical features......Page 381 Pathology......Page 382 Syphilis and HIV infection......Page 384 Animal models and pathogenesis......Page 385 Neuroborreliosis......Page 386 Relapsing fever......Page 389 Epidemiology......Page 390 References......Page 391 Microbiological characteristics of the agent......Page 395 Histopathology and pathogenesis......Page 396 References......Page 397 Introduction, synonyms, and historical perspective......Page 399 Epidemiology......Page 400 Clinical features and diagnosis......Page 401 Pathology......Page 402 Pathogenesis and animal models......Page 404 References......Page 406 Definition, major synonyms, and historical perspective......Page 409 Diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis......Page 410 Cranial neuropathy......Page 411 Meningeal involvement......Page 412 Neuroendocrine sarcoidosis......Page 413 Genetics......Page 414 Treatment, future perspectives, and conclusions......Page 415 References......Page 416 Definition of the disorder, major synonyms, and historical perspective......Page 419 Clinical presentation......Page 420 Histopathology......Page 421 Pathogenesis......Page 423 References......Page 424 Introductory remarks......Page 427 Toxins affecting the CNS via a neural route......Page 428 Toxins with indirect toxic activity against the CNS......Page 430 Botulinum neurotoxins and C. botulinum......Page 431 Clostridium difficile and clostridium sordellii large clostridial toxins......Page 432 References......Page 433 Introduction and historical perspective......Page 435 General aspects of fungal pathogens: definitions and classification......Page 436 Septate hyaline molds......Page 437 Pauciseptate hyaline molds......Page 440 Cryptococcosis......Page 441 Candidiasis......Page 443 Coccioidioidmycosis......Page 444 Paracoccidioidomycosis......Page 445 Genetic predispositions to fungal CNS infections......Page 446 Animal models......Page 447 References......Page 450 Introduction, synonyms, and historical perspective......Page 453 Epidemiology and genetics......Page 454 Pathology......Page 455 The hypotheses......Page 456 The contribution of animal models......Page 457 Treatment......Page 460 References......Page 462 Introduction, definition of the disorder, and historical perspective......Page 465 Epidemiology......Page 466 In patients who are immunocompromised......Page 467 Congenital toxoplasmosis......Page 468 Cerebral toxoplasmosis in patients who are immunocompromised......Page 469 Genetics......Page 472 Animal models and pathogenesis......Page 473 Treatment, future perspective, and conclusions......Page 474 Amoebiasis......Page 479 Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis......Page 480 Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis......Page 481 Trypanosomiasis......Page 482 African trypanosomiasis......Page 483 South American trypanosomiasis......Page 485 Microsporidiosis......Page 486 Epidemiology......Page 488 References......Page 489 Introduction and historical perspective......Page 491 Neurocysticercosis......Page 494 Cerebral echinococcosis......Page 496 Sparganosis......Page 500 Schistosomiasis......Page 501 Angiostrongylosis......Page 503 Gnathostomiasis......Page 504 Neurotrichinosis......Page 505 Filariases......Page 506 Strongyloidiasis......Page 507 Conclusions......Page 508 References......Page 509 Appendix......Page 516 References......Page 518 Clinical features......Page 519 References......Page 520 CNS pathology......Page 521 Reasons for emerging CNS infections......Page 526 Future perspective and conclusions......Page 527 References......Page 528 Index......Page 531 EULA......Page 549 Highly commended at the British Medical Association (BMA) Awards 2019, this new volume from the International Society of Neuropathology series addresses infections of the nervous system, written by expert editors. An expansive and inclusive contents list including rare disorders presented in easily referable chapters, containing; definitions, microbiological characteristics, epidemiology, clinical features, lab tests, pathology, genetics and treatment. "A new volume from the International Society of Neuropathology series addressing infections of the nervous system written by expert editors. An expansive and inclusive contents list including rare disorders presented in easily referable chapters, containing; definitions, microbiological characteristics, epidemiology, clinical features, lab tests, pathology, genetics and treatment"-- Provided by publisher