Infection of The CNS, 4e (May 21, 2014)_(1451173725)_(LWW)

This Clinical Reference On Central Nervous System Infections Is Now In Its Thoroughly Revised, Updated Fourth Edition. Over 70 Leading Experts Provide Comprehensive, Current Information On All Infections--both Neural-specific And Systemic--that Involve The Central Nervous System. Areas With Significant New Clinical Information Include Treatment Of Tuberculosis, Non-tubercular Mycobacterial Infections, Brain Abscess, And Lyme Disease--provided By Publisher. Editors, W. Michael Scheld, Richard J. Whitley, Christina M. Marra. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Untitled Copyright Contributors Preface Acknowledgments Preface to the First Edition CONTENTS PART I APPROACH TO THE PATIENT AND DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION Chapter 1 Introduction: Approach to the Patient with Central Nervous System Infection RISK FACTORS FOR CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMINFECTIONS CLUES ON PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Acute Meningitis Syndrome Subacute or Chronic Meningitis Syndrome Acute Encephalitis Syndrome Nonviral organisms that may produce the acute encephalitissyndrome include Chronic Encephalitis Syndrome Space-Occupying Lesion Syndrome Chapter 2 Cerebrospinal Fluid in Central Nervous System Infections Chapter 3 Imaging of Intracranial Infections IMAGING STRATEGY PYOGENIC INFECTIONS Cerebritis Abscess Ventriculitis Subdural Empyema Epidural Abscess SPECIFIC ENTITIES Tuberculosis Lyme Disease Syphilis Neurocysticercosis Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease VIRAL INFECTIONS Untitled Viral Meningitis Herpes Simplex Virus Fig. 3.11 Varicella-Zoster Virus Arboviruses Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis HIV Fig 3.14 OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Cytomegalovirus Infection Toxoplasmosis Cryptococcus Infection Coccidioidomycosis Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome CEREBROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS OF INFECTION Infectious Vasculitis Septic Thrombophlebitis PART II VIRAL INFECTIONS AND RELATED DISORDERS Chapter 4 Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Viral Infections of the Central Nervous System DEFINITIONS Chapter 5 Viral Meningitis and Aseptic Meningitis Syndrome Chapter 6 Encephalitis Chapter 7 Poliomyelitis, Polio Vaccines, and the Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome Chapter 8 Measles and Rubella Chapter 9 Herpes Simplex Virus Chapter 10 Neurologic Manifestations of Varicella and Herpes Zoster Chapter 11 Cytomegalovirus INFECTIOUS AGENT EPIDEMIOLOGY ETIOLOGY PATHOGENESIS PATHOLOGY CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Clinical Presentation of Congenital Infection Factors That Influence Disease Asymptomatic Infection Long-Term Follow-Up and Economic Impact Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Encephalitis Polyradiculopathy Stem Cell Transplant Patients Rasmussen Syndrome Peripheral Nervous System Syndromes DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT PREVENTION References Chapter 12 Epstein-Barr Virus Chapter 13 Human Herpesvirus-6 Chapter 14 B Virus Chapter 15 Arthropod-Borne Viral Encephalitides Chapter 16 Meningitis and Encephalitis Caused by Mumps Virus Chapter 17 Rabies Chapter 18 Human Prion Diseases Chapter 19 Human Immunodeficiency Virus FOCAL BRAIN DISEASE Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Differential Diagnosis Clinical Symptoms and Findings Laboratory and Imaging Studies the diagnosis of primary CNS lymphoma can only be proven by may be sensitive and specificfor establishing the diagnosis when it is used in The positive predictive value ofthe test is highest in low likelihood of CNS toxoplasmosis, such as those who are When the test is used more broadly in clinical settings, the positive predictivevalue of detection of EBV DNA in CSF is Treatment and Prevention Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Differential Diagnosis Clinical Findings Laboratory and Imaging Studies Brain CT in patients with PML Treatment and Prevention DIFFUSE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders Epidemiology and Risks Etiology Differential Diagnosis Clinical Symptoms and Findings Laboratory and Imaging Studies Treatment and Prevention Encephalitis in the Setting of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy: CentralNervous System Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome, CentralNervous System Escape, and CD8+ T-Cell Encephalitis SPINAL CORD DISEASE HIV-Associated Myelopathy Differential Diagnosis Untitled Chapter 20 Guillain-Barré Syndrome Chapter 21 Acute Viral Myelitis Chapter 22 Postinfectious Encephalomyelitis PART III BACTERIAL AND MYCOPLASMAL INFECTIONS Chapter 23 Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Bacterial Infections Chapter 24 Acute Bacterial Meningitis Chapter 25 Mycoplasmal and Ureaplasmal Infections Chapter 26 Bartonella Infections, Including Cat-Scratch Disease Chapter 27 Rickettsioses, Anaplasmoses, and Q Fever Chapter 28 Whipple’s Disease Chapter 29 Tuberculous Meningitis HISTORY The Origin of Tuberculous Meningitis Elucidating Pathogenesis Treatment Development BURDEN OF DISEASE Tuberculosis Epidemiology Burden of Tuberculosis of the Central Nervous System Mortality and Morbidity The Influence of HIV Drug Resistance Long-Term Disability Vaccination with Bacilli Calmette-Guerin and Protection Against TuberculousMeningitis IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS Mycobacterium tuberculosis Macrophages and Granuloma Formation Immune Response in Tuberculous Meningitis Central Nervous System Pathology Tuberculoma in the Central Nervous System Tuberculous Encephalopathy Tuberculosis of the Spinal Cord Vascular Events The Role of Miliary Tuberculosis CLINICAL PRESENTATION General Symptoms on Presentation Typical findings upon neurologic examination are Progression During Treatment DIAGNOSIS Clinical Case Definition Untitled Untitled Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis Chest X-Ray Mycobacterial Culture Tuberculin Skin Testing Developments in Diagnostics Biochemical tests raised levels may also be seen in Chapter 30 Infections Due to Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Chapter 31 Brain Abscess Chapter 32 Epidural Abscess Chapter 33 Subdural Empyema and Suppurative Intracranial Phlebitis Chapter 34 Complications of Infective Endocarditis Chapter 35 Iatrogenic Infections of the Central Nervous System PART IV CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM SYNDROMES MEDIATED BY BACTERIAL TOXINS Chapter 36 Botulism Chapter 37 Tetanus PART V SPIROCHETAL INFECTIONS Chapter 38 Neurosyphilis ETIOLOGY DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AND FINDINGS ASYMPTOMATIC NEUROSYPHILIS SYMPTOMATIC NEUROSYPHILIS Meningitis Ocular Syphilis Otologic Syphilis Meningovascular Syphilis Parenchymal Neurosyphilis Syphilitic Dementia: General Paresis Tabes Dorsalis Congenital Neurosyphilis LABORATORY AND IMAGING STUDIES Cerebrospinal Fluid Chapter 39 Neuroborreliosis: Nervous System Involvement with Borrelia Species PART VI FUNGAL INFECTIONS Chapter 40 Fungal Meningitis Chapter 41 Space-Occupying Fungal Lesions PART VII PROTOZOAL AND HELMINTHIC INFECTIONS Chapter 42 Cerebral Malaria Chapter 43 Toxoplasma gondii and Toxoplasmosis Chapter 44 Trypanosomiasis Chapter 45 Free-Living and Parasitic Amebic Infections Chapter 46 Helminthic Infections PART VIII CHRONIC MENINGITIS AND MENINGITIS OF NONINFECTIVE OR UNCERTAIN ETIOLOGY Chapter 47 Chronic Meningitis Syndrome and Meningitis of Noninfective or Uncertain Etiology PART IX NEUROSURGICAL MANAGEMENT Chapter 48 Surgical Management of Central Nervous System Infections Chapter 49 Critical Care of Central Nervous System Infections PART X PREVENTION Chapter 50 Vaccines for Viral Diseases with Significant Central Nervous System Manifestations Chapter 51 Vaccines Against Bacterial Meningitis Index Tap into the gold standard on central nervous system infections: Infections of the Central Nervous System, 4e is now fully revised and updated to accommodate the wealth of new CNS information discovered over the past decade. More than 90 leading experts contribute chapters, providing comprehensive, up-to-date information. With a broad scope and thorough detail, the text addresses pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and therapy of various CNS infections and related conditions. Features: Every chapter has been extensively revised and updated, nearly half with new author teams NEW chapter on acute encephalitis NEW clinical information on treatment of tuberculosis, non-tubercular mycobacterial infections, brain abscess, and Lyme disease NEW color design and color images Numerous diagrams, figures, tables, illustrations and photographs demonstrate the content Evidence-based references