Infection Control in the Intensive Care Unit (Topics in Anaesthesia and Critical Care)

Intensive care is a rapidly changing area of medicine, and after four years from the 2 nd edition the volume editors and authors have deemed necessary to update it. In the recent years, in fact, five new randomised controlled trials and five new meta-analyses demonstrate that selective decontamination of the digestive tract [SDD] is an antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent severe infections of not only lower airways but also of blood. Additionally, SDD has been shown to reduce inflammation including multiple organ failure and mortality. An intriguing observation is the evidence that SDD using parenteral and enteral antimicrobials reduces rather than increases antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, a new chapter on microcirculation had been added. The volume will be an invaluable tool for all those requiring in depth knowledge in the ever expanding field of infection control. Front Matter....Pages i-xviii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Glossary of Terms and Definitions....Pages 3-16 Carriage, Colonization and Infection....Pages 17-28 Classification of Microorganisms According to Their Pathogenicity....Pages 29-40 Classification of ICU Infections....Pages 41-51 Gut Microbiology: Surveillance Samples for Detecting the Abnormal Carrier State in Overgrowth....Pages 53-63 Front Matter....Pages 65-65 Systemic Antibiotics....Pages 67-97 Systemic Antifungals....Pages 99-122 Enteral Antimicrobials....Pages 123-142 Front Matter....Pages 143-143 Evidence-Based Infection Control in the Intensive Care Unit....Pages 145-157 Device Policies....Pages 159-171 Antibiotic Policies in the Intensive Care Unit....Pages 173-187 Outbreaks of Infection in the ICU: What’s up at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century?....Pages 189-202 Preventing Infection Using Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract....Pages 203-215 Front Matter....Pages 217-217 Lower Airway Infection....Pages 219-232 Bloodstream Infection in the ICU Patient....Pages 233-249 Infections of Peritoneum, Mediastinum, Pleura, Wounds, and Urinary Tract....Pages 251-287 Infection in the NICU and PICU....Pages 289-303 Early Adequate Antibiotic Therapy....Pages 305-313 ICU Patients Following Transplantation....Pages 315-332 Clinical Virology in NICU, PICU and AICU....Pages 333-352 Front Matter....Pages 217-217 AIDS Patients in the ICU....Pages 353-372 Therapy of Infection in the ICU....Pages 373-388 Front Matter....Pages 389-389 The Gut in the Critically Ill: Central Organ in Abnormal Microbiological Carriage, Infections, Systemic Inflammation, Microcirculatory Failure, and MODS....Pages 391-400 Nonantibiotic Measures to Control Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia....Pages 401-409 Impact of Nutritional Route on Infections: Parenteral Versus Enteral....Pages 411-422 Gut Mucosal Protection in the Critically Ill Patient: Toward an Integrated Clinical Strategy....Pages 423-432 Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract: Role of the Pharmacist....Pages 433-449 Antimicrobial Resistance....Pages 451-468 ICU-Acquired Infection: Mortality, Morbidity, and Costs....Pages 469-483 Evidence-Based Medicine in ICU....Pages 485-505 Back Matter....Pages 507-513 Intensive care is a rapidly changing area of medicine; this third edition of "Infection Control in the Intensive Care Unit" has the same format as the previous one but covers a wider scope of infection prevention, from lower airways to bloodstream. This edition condenses and updates the information of the previous edition, with the addition of new tables and figures, and contains two completely new chapters on microcirculation and mechanisms of action behind the efficacy of Selective Decontamination of the Tract. SDD is an antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent severe infections that has been proved to reduce inflammation; there is now evidence that SDD using parenteral and enteral antimicrobials reduces rather than increases antimicrobial resistance. Latest results are here taken into account; 10 new randomised controlled trials and 2 recent meta-analyses with endpoints of multiple organ failure and resistance. The outbreak chapter is substantially reduced and builds on the previous issue; it now includes polyclonality within outbreaks. This up-to-date and comprehensive study will be welcomed by intensive care specialists, clinical microbiologists, infection disease specialists and clinical pharmacists who wish to learn about the most recent discoveries and advances in infection control. It will also be of interest to advanced undergraduates wanting to learn more about the subject