Industrial Hygiene: Improving Worker Health through an Operational Risk Approach, Second Edition (Sustainable Improvements in Environment Safety and Health)

Society has become more educated on the impacts on human health and environment, and there has been a noticeable decrease in the acceptance of this risk by workers and the public. However, to ensure a higher level of worker protection, a revised approach to industrial hygiene is needed focusing on risk-reduction. This second edition of Industrial Hygiene focuses on implementation of an industrial hygiene program, using a risk-based approach, in an operational environment. Key elements of this book include balancing the art and science of industrial hygiene, risk-based industrial hygiene approaches, recognizing, evaluating, and controlling workplace hazards, medical monitoring for workers, emergency response, training, and evaluating industrial hygiene programs. Updated concepts on leadership, emergency response and monitoring, management of industrial hygiene projects, and risk communication are addressed in this edition. The book incorporates the ISO 45001 standard, “Occupational Health and Safety,” into an industrial hygiene program, which further demonstrates a risk-based approach that is internationally recognized. This is an ideal read for any student, researcher, or practitioner in the fields of occupational health and safety, industrial hygiene, risk management, and hazard control. New case studies with proposed solutions underpin the learning, and the instructor resource pack comprising PowerPoint presentations, question bank, and resources to enhance learning are available in this edition for qualified textbook adoption. Cover Half Title Series Page Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Acronyms Preface About the Authors Chapter 1 Occupational Safety and Health in the Workplace 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Multiple Facets of the Safety and Health Professional 1.3 Industrial Hygiene Program Tenets 1.4 Application and Implementation of Industrial Hygiene Program Elements 1.4.1 Program Management and Administration 1.4.2 Hazard Identification and Control Process 1.4.3 Occupational Health Management 1.4.4 Instrumentation and Calibration 1.4.5 Data Management, Records, and Reporting 1.4.6 Training and Qualification 1.4.7 Continuous Improvement 1.5 Industrial Hygiene Key Focus Area and Risk Reduction Questions to Ponder for Learning Chapter 2 Art and Science of Industrial Hygiene 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Art of Industrial Hygiene 2.2.1 Art of Hazard Recognition and Control 2.2.2 Art of an Occupational Exposure Monitoring Strategy 2.2.3 Art of the Occupational Health Program 2.2.4 Art of People Management 2.3 Science of Industrial Hygiene 2.3.1 Science of Hazard Recognition and Control 2.3.2 Science of an Occupational Exposure Monitoring Strategy 2.3.3 Science of the Occupational Health Program 2.3.4 Science of People Management Questions to Ponder for Learning Chapter 3 Industrial Hygiene Professional 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Role of the Industrial Hygiene Professional 3.3 Leadership and Organizational Structure 3.3.1 Flat Organizational Structure 3.3.2 Hierarchical Organizational Structure 3.4 Communication for Results 3.4.1 Technical and Non-Technical Workers and Colleagues 3.4.2 Risk/Exposure Assessment Data and Results 3.4.3 Relationship with the Workforce 3.4.4 Engagement on Work Planning Teams 3.5 Corporate Programmatic Support Role 3.6 Industrial Hygienist as an Expert Witness 3.7 Continuing Education and Professional Development 3.7.1 College and University Curricula 3.7.2 Retention of the Industrial Hygiene Professional 3.7.3 Industrial Hygiene Certification 3.7.4 Continuing Education 3.7.5 Job Rotation 3.7.6 Industrial Hygienist as a Generalist 3.8 Legal and Ethical Aspects of Industrial Hygiene 3.8.1 Professionalism 3.8.2 Accountability 3.8.3 Humility 3.8.4 Reliability 3.8.5 Trustworthiness 3.9 Management of Industrial Hygiene Projects 3.10 Emergency Response and Monitoring Questions to Ponder for Learning References Chapter 4 Strategies for Exposure Monitoring and Instrumentation 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Regulatory Aspects of Industrial Hygiene Monitoring 4.3 Quantitative and Qualitative Exposure and Risk Assessment 4.3.1 Quantitative Exposure and Risk Assessment 4.3.2 Qualitative Exposure and Risk Assessment 4.4 Process Flow of Exposure Assessment 4.4.1 Defining the Scope of Work 4.4.2 Developing a Monitoring Plan 4.4.3 Implementing the Characterization and Monitoring Plan 4.4.4 Similar Exposure Groups 4.4.5 Occupational Exposure Control Banding 4.4.6 Evaluating Data and Characterizing Exposures 4.4.7 Develop Controls 4.4.8 Document Results 4.4.9 Communicate Data Results 4.4.10 Develop a Re-Evaluation Plan 4.5 Occupational Safety and Health Characterization and Monitoring Equipment 4.5.1 Diffusion Detector Tubes 4.5.2 Vapor Monitor Badges 4.5.3 Personal Air Sampling Pumps 4.5.4 Handheld Electronic Monitors 4.5.5 Fixed Air Monitors 4.6 Case Studies To Facilitate Thoughtful Learning 4.6.1 The Presence of an Intermittent Odor 4.6.2 The Presence of an Intermittent Odor Lessons Learned 4.6.3 “I Have Been Sick for the Past 6 Months” 4.6.4 “I Have Been Sick for the Past 6 Months”: Lessons Learned Questions to Ponder for Learning References Chapter 5 Risk-Based Industrial Hygiene 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Importance of Risk Assessments and a Risk-Based Approach to Hazard Management 5.3 Identifying and Controlling Workplace Risks 5.4 Addressing Industrial Hygiene Risks in the Workplace 5.4.1 Industrial Hygiene Risk Assessment 5.5 Risk Ranking 5.6 Integration of a Risk-Based Consensus Standard Into Industrial Hygiene 5.6.1 Industrial Hygiene Program Management and Administration 5.6.2 Hazard Identification and Control Process 5.6.3 Occupational Health Management 5.6.4 Instrumentation and Calibration 5.6.5 Data Management, Records, and Reporting 5.6.6 Training and Qualification 5.6.7 Continuous Improvement 5.7 Risk Communication 5.8 Risk Acceptance Questions to Ponder For Learning Reference Chapter 6 Recognizing, Evaluating, and Controlling Workplace Hazards 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Historical Chemical and Industrial Hazards 6.3 Chemical, Physical, Biological, and Industrial Hazards of the Past Decade ​6.4 Workplace Hazard Inventories 6.4.1 Task Hazard Inventory 6.4.2 Facility Hazard Inventory 6.5 Injury and Illness Logs and Inspection Trending 6.6 Chemical Inventories: Use, Storage, and Disposal Records 6.7 Biological and Radiological Hazards Considerations 6.8 Regulatory Inspections and Violations 6.9 Hazard Control and Work Execution 6.9.1 Hazard Elimination 6.9.2 Product Substitution 6.9.3 Engineering Controls 6.9.4 Work Practices and Administrative Controls 6.9.5 Personal Protective Equipment 6.10 Integration of Hazard Recognition and Controls and Work Control Processes 6.10.1 Planning Work 6.10.2 Authorizing Work 6.10.3 Work Execution 6.10.4 Project Closeout 6.11 Management by Walk-Around 6.11.1 Preparation 6.11.2 Communication 6.11.3 Persistence to Connect 6.12 Safety Through Design: Designing Hazards Out of the Process 6.13 Employee Engagement and Involvement Questions to Ponder for Learning References Chapter 7 Medical Monitoring and Surveillance of the Worker 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Medical Monitoring and Surveillance Program 7.3 Establishment of Company Policies, Protocols, and Procedures 7.4 Scheduling and Tracking of Physicals 7.5 Interfacing with Medical Professionals 7.6 Notification of Test Results 7.7 Analysis of Occupational Health Data 7.8 Medical Monitoring Records and Reporting 7.9 Case Study 1: Chromium IV Exposure 7.10 Case Study 2: Beryllium Exposure Questions to Ponder for Learning Reference Chapter 8 Workforce Training on Hazard Recognition and Control 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Why Provide Workplace Training? 8.3 Developing an Effective Training Strategy 8.4 Hazard Recognition, Evaluation, and Control Training 8.4.1 Hazard Anticipation 8.4.2 Hazard Recognition and Identification 8.4.3 Evaluate Hazards 8.4.4 Controlling Hazards 8.5 Trainer Knowledge and Qualification 8.6 Training Effectiveness Evaluation 8.7 Other Training Methods and Tools 8.7.1 Process or Tool Mock-Up 8.7.2 Peer-to-Peer Training 8.7.3 Training on the Job Site 8.7.4 Hazard Identification Checklist 8.7.5 The Use of Case Studies to Enforce Learning 8.7.6 Microlearning Questions to Ponder for Learning References Chapter 9 Industrial Hygiene and Emergency Response 9.1 Introduction 9.1.1 Hurricane Katrina – United States 9.1.2 La Porte, Texas Chemical Plant – United States 9.1.3 September 11, 2001 – United States 9.1.4 Collapse of the Rana Plaza 9.1.5 Glasgow Explosion – Scotland 9.2 Approaches to Emergency Response 9.3 Initiating Event 9.4 Event Notification 9.5 Event Response 9.5.1 Risk Prioritization 9.5.2 Resources and Equipment 9.5.3 Logistical Support 9.5.4 Event Response Communication 9.6 Event or Site Transition 9.7 Lessons Learned from 9/11 9.7.1 Event Notification 9.7.2 Event Response 9.7.3 Site Transition Questions to Ponder for Learning References Chapter 10 Evaluating the Industrial Hygiene Program 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Identifying the Program and Process to Assess 10.3 Identifying Key Attributes to Assess 10.4 Developing the Assessment Plan and Lines of Inquiry 10.5 Performing the Assessment 10.6 Data Analysis 10.6.1 Data Organization 10.6.2 Analysis Method 10.6.3 Risk Management of Identified Hazards 10.6.4 Relationship of Data to Existing Programs and Processes 10.6.5 Data Storage and Management 10.7 Document Assessment Results Questions to Ponder for Learning Chapter 11 Continuous Improvement 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Continuous Improvement Process 11.3 Establishing a Performance Baseline 11.4 Identify Areas for Improvement 11.5 Industrial Hygiene Continuous Improvement Plan 11.5.1 Goals and Objectives 11.5.2 Corrective Actions and Improvement Initiatives 11.6 Performance Metrics and Monitoring 11.7 Case Study: Tungsten Tools Questions to Ponder for Learning Index