Industrial crystallization : [proceedings] of the Sixth Symposium on Industrial Crystallization held at Ústí nad Labem, Czechoslovakia, September 1-3, 1975

Industrial Crystallization Symposia have been organized by the Crystallization Research Group at the Czechoslovak Research Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Usti nad Labem, since 1960. Over the years, the increasing popularity of the unit operation of crystallization has been clearly demonstrated by the steady increase in numbers of both the papers presented and the attendances at the meetings. The 6th Symposium (1-3 September 1975) was organized jointly with the European Federation of Chemical Engineering Working Party on Crystallization, and the 44 papers presented were arranged into four sessions - A: Secondary Nucleation, B: Crystal Growth Kinetics, C: Crystal Habit Modification, D: Crystallizer Design, E: Indus­ trial Crystallizer Operation and Case Studies. The same groupings are preserved in this edited version of the proceedings. This is the first time that the Industrial Crystallization Symposium papers have appeared in one volume. After the 5th (1972) Symposium, authors we.re encouraged to submit their papers to an international journal specializing in crystallization. However, the results were not altogether satisfactory in that less than one third of the papers presented at the meeting were offered for consideration. This time, therefore, the organizing committee decided to attempt to keep the papers together by making arrangements for their pUblication by Plenum Press. Front Matter....Pages i-x Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Secondary Nucleation — A Review....Pages 3-22 Attrition and Secondary Nucleation in Agitated Crystal Slurries....Pages 23-31 Collision Breeding from Solution or Melt....Pages 33-40 Secondary Nucleation of Potash Alum....Pages 41-49 Control of Particle Size in Industrial NaCl-Crystallization....Pages 51-60 Secondary Nucleation and Crystal Growth as Coupled Phenomena....Pages 61-66 The Grinding Mechanism in a Fluid Energy Mill and its Similarity to Secondary Nucleation....Pages 67-76 Secondary Nucleation in Agitated Crystallizers....Pages 77-87 Front Matter....Pages 89-89 Theory and Experiment for Crystal Growth from Solution: Implications for Industrial Crystallization....Pages 91-112 Computer Simulation of Crystal Growth from Solution....Pages 113-121 Surface Perfection as a Factor Influencing the Behaviour of Growth Layers on the {100} Faces on Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate (ADP) Crystals in Pure Solution....Pages 123-134 Growth Rate of Citric Acid Monohydrate Crystals in a Liquid Fluidized Bed....Pages 135-143 The Occurrence of Growth Dispersion and Its Consequences....Pages 145-154 Kinetics of TiO 2 Precipitation....Pages 155-161 Investigations on the Ostwald Ripening of Well Soluble Salts by Means of Radioactive Isotopes....Pages 163-171 Recrystallization in Suspensions....Pages 173-186 Crystal Growth Kinetics of Sodium Chloride from Solution....Pages 187-199 Front Matter....Pages 201-201 Survey of Crystal Habit Modification in Solution....Pages 203-214 Some Problems of Crystal Habit Modification....Pages 215-221 Solvent Effects in the Growth of Hexamethylene Tetramine Crystals....Pages 223-237 Front Matter....Pages 201-201 Effect of Isodimorphously Included Co(II), Fe(II) and Cu(II) Ions on the Crystal Structures of ZnSO 4 .7H 2 O and MgSO 4 .7H 2 O....Pages 239-243 The Effect of Ionic Impurities on the Growth of Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Crystals....Pages 245-252 Influence of Mn(II), Cu(II) and Al(III) Ions on Size and Habit of Ammonium Sulphate Crystals....Pages 253-262 The Influence of Surface-Active Agents on Gypsum Crystallization in Phosphoric Acid Solutions....Pages 263-268 Isomorphous Series in Crystals of MeSO 4 .nH 2 O Type....Pages 269-276 The Transformation of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate into Crystalline Hydroxyapatite....Pages 277-283 The Effect of Fe(III) Ions on the Growth of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate Monocrystals....Pages 285-288 Front Matter....Pages 289-289 Crystallizer Design and Operation....Pages 291-302 The Design of a Crystallizer....Pages 303-310 Design Criteria for DTB-Vacuum Crystallizers....Pages 311-318 Integral Design of Crystallizers as Illustrated by the Design of a Continuous Stirred — Tank Cooling Crystallizer....Pages 319-334 Design of Batch Crystallizers....Pages 335-342 Population Balance Models for Batch Crystallization....Pages 343-351 The Crystallization of Chloro-Organic Compounds in a Batch Crystallizer with Programmed Cooling....Pages 353-361 A New Technique for Accurate Crystal Size Distribution Analysis in an MSMPR Crystallizer....Pages 363-372 Front Matter....Pages 373-373 Transient Behaviour in Crystallization — Design Models Related to Plant Experiences....Pages 375-389 Stability and Dynamic Behaviour of Crystallizers....Pages 391-402 The Importance of Classification in Well-Mixed Crystallizers....Pages 403-412 Purification of H 3 PO 4 . 1/2H 2 O by Crystallization....Pages 413-420 The Operation of a NaOH. 3 1/2H 2 O Crystallizer by Direct Contact Cooling....Pages 421-429 Front Matter....Pages 373-373 Progress in Continuous Fractional Crystallization....Pages 431-435 The Prevention of Deposition on Crystallizer Cooling Surfaces Using Ultrasound....Pages 437-447 Case Study of Incrustation in an Industrial Salt Crystallizer....Pages 449-459 Operation of a Large-Scale KCl Crystallization Plant....Pages 461-469 Back Matter....Pages 471-473