Industrial applications of batteries [recurso electrónico] from cars to aerospace and energy storage

Industrial Applications of Batteries looks at both the applications and the batteries and covers the relevant scientific and technological features. Presenting large batteries for stationary applications, e.g. energy storage, and also batteries for hybrid vehicles or different tools. The important aerospace field is covered both in connection with satellites and space missions. Examples of applications include, telecommunications, uninterruptible power supplies, systems for safety/alarms, car accessories, toll collection, asset tracking systems, medical equipment, and oil drilling.The first chapter on applications deals with electric and hybrid vehicles. Four chapters are devoted to stationary applications, i.e. energy storage (from the electric grid or solar/wind energy), load levelling, telecommunications, uninterruptible power supplies, back-up for safety/alarms. Battery management by intelligent systems and prediction of battery life are dealt with in a dedicated chapter. The topic of used battery collection and recycling, with the description of specific treatments for the different systems, is also extensively treated in view of its environmental relevance. Finally, the world market of these batteries is presented, with detailed figures for the various applications. * Updated and full overview of the power sources for industries* Written by leading scientists in their fields * Well balanced in terms of scientific and technical information Preface......Page 6 Contents......Page 8 1.2. Primary Lithium Batteries......Page 24 1.3.1.3. Liquid Electrolytes......Page 45 1.3.1.6. Examples of Applications......Page 53 1.3.4. Basic Parameters of Secondary Nonaqueous Batteries......Page 72 2.2. Lead/Acid Batteries......Page 76 2.3.5. Charging Techniques......Page 96 2.5. Nickel/Hydrogen Batteries......Page 112 2.6. Nickel/Iron Batteries......Page 114 2.7. Nickel/Zinc Batteries......Page 117 2.8 Zinc/Air Batteries......Page 120 2.9. Silver/Zinc Batteries......Page 124 2.10. Zinc/Bromine Batteries......Page 126 2.11. Vanadium Redox-Flow Batteries......Page 129 2.12. Alkaline Primary Batteries......Page 131 3.1. Introduction......Page 142 3.2.1. Electrode Materials......Page 143 3.4. A Brief Summary of Available Techniques Related to the Characterization of Batteries......Page 155 3.5. Typical Studies of Electrolyte Solutions and Solid Electrolytes......Page 190 3.7. Measurements of Complicated Batteries 3.7.1. IntroductionGeneral Aspects......Page 209 3.8. Theoretical Aspects of Battery Characterization......Page 215 3.9. Concluding Remarks......Page 216 4.1. Introduction......Page 226 4.2. The Different Types of Electric Vehicles......Page 227 4.3. Battery Technologies for Traction......Page 237 5.2. Satellite Batteries......Page 296 5.3. Launcher Batteries......Page 331 6.1. Introduction......Page 350 6.2. General Characteristics of Space Batteries......Page 351 6.3. Planetary and Space Exploration Missions......Page 352 6.5. Future Mars Missions......Page 379 6.6.1. Primary Batteries......Page 380 6.8. Lithium Batteries-Advanced Systems......Page 407 6.9. Concluding Remarks on Rechargeable Batteries......Page 410 7.1. Introduction......Page 418 7.2. The Lead-Acid Battery Technology......Page 419 7.3. Large Batteries......Page 425 7.4. Improvement of Power Performance......Page 432 7.5. Features of VRLA Technology......Page 440 7.7. AGM Batteries......Page 458 7.8. Future Trends......Page 465 8.1. Signification of Stationary Applications......Page 478 8.2. Sodium-Sulfur Battery Systems 8.2.1. Battery Chemistry and Components......Page 483 8.3. Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Systems 8.3.1. Battery Chemistry and Components......Page 491 8.4.2. Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery Systems......Page 498 8.4.3. Lithium-Ion Battery Systems......Page 500 8.5. Other Electric Energy Storage Systems......Page 501 8.5.2. Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems......Page 502 8.5.3. Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Systems......Page 505 8.5.5. Flywheel Energy Storage Systems......Page 508 8.6.2. Lifetime and Capital Cost......Page 509 8.6.4. Cycle Efficiency......Page 515 9.1. Introduction......Page 520 9.2. Energy Storage for Solar and Wind Systems......Page 521 9.3. Flooded Batteries......Page 525 9.4. Large Batteries......Page 528 9.5. Small Systems with VRLA Batteries......Page 535 9.6. Large Systems with Gel Batteries......Page 547 9.7. Further Developments......Page 560 9.8. Conclusions......Page 566 10.2. History......Page 570 10.3. Chemistry......Page 571 10.4. Construction Features of Nickel-Cadmium Cells......Page 573 10.7.2. Defining the BESS......Page 581 10.8. Small Batteries in Telecommunication Applications......Page 585 10.9. Lifetime and Reliability: The Case of an Old Battery......Page 587 10.10. Nickel-Cadmium Applications Summary......Page 589 11 MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS. I.Metering, Power Tools, Alarm/Security, Medical Equipments, etc.......Page 596 11.2. Metering Systems......Page 601 11.3.1. ID Tags......Page 610 11.3.3. GPS (Global Positioning Systems)......Page 613 11.4. Automatic Assistance Systems......Page 615 11.5. Alarm and Security Systems......Page 617 11.5.1. Emergency Light UnRs (ELUs)......Page 618 11.6. Memory Back Up (MBU) Real Time Clock (RTC)......Page 625 11.7.9. Hedge Trimmers, Chain Saws, Pruning Shears......Page 630 11.8. Professional Appliances......Page 631 11.9.1. Portable Defibrillator Systems......Page 633 11.9.2. lnter-Cardial Pump Systems......Page 634 12.2. Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)......Page 640 12.3. Electronic Toll Collection......Page 643 12.4. Automatic Crash Notification (ACN)......Page 645 12.5.1.1. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)......Page 647 12.5.1.2. GPS (Global Positioning System)......Page 648 12.6. Oil Drilling......Page 655 12.6.1. Applications......Page 656 12.6.4. Battery Chemistry......Page 661 12.7. Oceanography......Page 664 13.1.1. Battery Management......Page 672 13.2.1. Cell Monitoring......Page 675 13.2.3. Battery Monitoring......Page 679 13.3. Battery Management Functions......Page 680 13.3.1. Charge Management......Page 681 13.3.1.1. Charge Management with Temperature......Page 682 13.3.1.2. Charge Management with Voltage......Page 683 13.3.2. Discharge Management......Page 686 13.3.2.1. Discharge Management with Voltage......Page 687 13.3.3. Safety Management......Page 693 13.4. Life Prediction......Page 696 14.1. Introduction......Page 714 14.2. Eco-efficiency Study on Recycling Techniques......Page 715 14.3. Trans-Boundary Movement of Batteries within the OECD Member States......Page 719 14.4.1. The Particular European Situation......Page 722 14.5. The Particular Example of a Battery Producer: SAFT......Page 727 14.7. Battery Recycling: the Existing Technologies......Page 730 14.7.2. The Recycling of Primary Batteries Containing Mercury......Page 734 14.8. Conclusion......Page 759 15.1. Scope & Analysis Assumptions......Page 760 15.2. Driving Forces Used to Predict World Market Value......Page 763 15.4. Industrial Battery Configurations......Page 771 15.5. Driving Forces by Market Sector 15.5A. Computing Batteries......Page 773 15.6. Historic and Predicted World Market Summary for Industrial Batteries......Page 785 Subject Index......Page 790 Industrial Applications of Batteries looks at both the applications and the batteries and covers the relevant scientific and technological features. Presenting large batteries for stationary applications, e.g. energy storage, and also batteries for hybrid vehicles or different tools. The important aerospace field is covered both in connection with satellites and space missions. Examples of applications include, telecommunications, uninterruptible power supplies, systems for safety/alarms, car accessories, toll collection, asset tracking systems, medical equipment, and oil drilling.
The first chapter on applications deals with electric and hybrid vehicles. Four chapters are devoted to stationary applications, i.e. energy storage (from the electric grid or solar/wind energy), load levelling, telecommunications, uninterruptible power supplies, back-up for safety/alarms. Battery management by intelligent systems and prediction of battery life are dealt with in a dedicated chapter. The topic of used battery collection and recycling, with the description of specific treatments for the different systems, is also extensively treated in view of its environmental relevance. Finally, the world market of these batteries is presented, with detailed figures for the various applications.

* Updated and full overview of the power sources for industries
* Written by leading scientists in their fields
* Well balanced in terms of scientific and technical information Industrial Applications of Batteries looks at both the applications and the batteries and covers the relevant scientific and technological features. Presenting large batteries for stationary applications, e.g. energy storage, and also batteries for hybrid vehicles or different tools. The important aerospace field is covered both in connection with satellites and space missions. Examples of applications include, telecommunications, uninterruptible power supplies, systems for safety/alarms, car accessories, toll collection, asset tracking systems, medical equipment, and oil drilling. The first chapter on applications deals with electric and hybrid vehicles. Four chapters are devoted to stationary applications, i.e. energy storage (from the electric grid or solar/wind energy), load levelling, telecommunications, uninterruptible power supplies, back-up for safety/alarms. Battery management by intelligent systems and prediction of battery life are dealt with in a dedicated chapter. The topic of used battery collection and recycling, with the description of specific treatments for the different systems, is also extensively treated in view of its environmental relevance. Finally, the world market of these batteries is presented, with detailed figures for the various applications. * Updated and full overview of the power sources for industries * Written by leading scientists in their fields * Well balanced in terms of scientific and technical information