القائیت، ایدئولوژی و جنگ: دیدگاه‌های تکاملی

Violent ethno-nationalist conflicts continue to mar the history of the twentieth century; yet no satisfactory answer to the question of why humans are susceptible to indoctrination by ideologies that lead to inter-group hostility has so far been found. In this volume an international team of leading scientists from many different fields approach this complex issue from a biological perspective, treating indoctrinability as a predisposition that has its roots in humanity's evolutionary past. Violent Ethno-nationalist Conflicts Continue To Mar The History Of The Twentieth Century; Yet No Satisfactory Answer As To Why Humans Are Susceptible To Indoctrination By Ideologies Leading To Inter-group Hostility Has Thus Far Been Found. This Volume Brings Together An International Team Of Leading Scientists To Address This Complex Issue From Disciplines As Diverse As Anthropology, Psychology, Psychobiology, Sociology, Philosophy, Ethology, Sociology, And Political Science. Treating The Processes Of Indoctrination As A Biological Phenomenon With Physiological And Psychological Aspects, These Essays Explore The Answers To This Pressing Question In Humanity's Evolutionary Past. Us And The Others : The Familial Roots Of Ethnonationalism / Irenäus Eibl-eibesfeldt -- War And Peacemaking : The Fusion Of Two Neighboring Captive Monkey Colonies / Detlev W. Ploog -- The Evolution Of Human Ultrasociality / Peter J. Richerson And Robert Boyd -- Notions Of Nature, Culture, And The Sources Of Indoctrinability / Lionel Tiger -- Indoctrination Among The Eipo Of The Highlands Of West-new Guinea / Wulf Schiefenhövel -- Indoctrinability And The Evolution Of Socially Defined Kinship / Polly Wiessner -- The Politics Of Peace In Primitive Societies : The Adaptive Rationale Behind Corroboree And Calumet / Johan M. G. Van Der Dennen. Prejudice And Inferential Communication / Siegfried Frey -- Sex And Gender In Advertisements : Indoctrination And Exploitation / Karl Grammer -- The Role Of Sex And Emotional Response In Indoctrinability : Experimental Evidence On The Rally 'round The Flag Effect / James N. Schubert -- Ideology And Physiological Regulation / Michael T. Mcguire ... [et Al.] -- Art And Indoctrination : From The Biblia Pauperum To The Third Reich / Christa Sütterlin -- Probing Images Of Politicians And International Affairs : Creating Pictures And Stories Of The Mind / Robert D. Deutsch -- Reinvent Yourself : Labile Psychosocial Identity And The Lifestyle Marketplace / Hiram Caton -- Indoctrination And Group Evolutionary Strategies : The Case Of Judaism / Kevin Macdonald. Genetic Similarity Theory, Ethnocentrism, And Group Selection / J. Philippe Rushton -- Ethnocentrism Vs. Pragmatism In The Conduct Of Human Affiars / Irwin Silverman And Danielle Case -- Ideology, Indoctrination, And Noncognitive Foundations Of Belief In Legitimacy : A Biobehavioral Analysis Of Legitimate Violent Social Action / Gebhard Geiger -- Indoctrination As Institutionalized Persuasion : Its Limited Variability And Cross-cultural Evolution / Frank Kemp Salter -- On The Evolution Of Political Communities : The Paradox Of Eastern And Western Europe In The 1980s / Roger D. Masters. Edited By Irenäus Eibl-eibesfeldt And Frank Kemp Salter. Includes Bibliographical References And Indexes. CONTENTS 6 List of Figures and Tables 8 Acknowledgments 15 Notes on Contributors 16 1. Introduction 24 Part I: Evolutionary Precursors and Models 42 2. Us and the Others: The Familial Roots of Ethnonationalism 44 3. War and Peacemaking: The Fusion of Two Neighboring Captive Monkey Colonies 78 4. The Evolution of Human Ultrasociality 94 5. Notions of Nature, Culture, and the Sources of Indoctrinability 120 Part II: Traditional Cultures 130 6. Indoctrination Among the Eipo of the Highlands of West-New Guinea 132 7. Indoctrinability and the Evolution of Socially Defined Kinship 156 8. The Politics of Peace in Primitive Societies: The Adaptive Rationale Behind Corroboree and Calumet 174 Part III: Individual Behavioral Mechanisms 210 9. Prejudice and Inferential Communication: A New Look at an Old Problem 212 10. Sex and Gender in Advertisements: Indoctrination and Exploitation 242 11. The Role of Sex and Emotional Response in Indoctrinability: Experimental Evidence on the “Rally ’Round the Flag” Effect 264 12. Ideology and Physiological Regulation 286 Part IV: Symbolism 300 13. Art and Indoctrination: From the Biblia Pauperum to the Third Reich 302 14. Probing Images of Politicians and International Affairs: Creating Pictures and Stories of the Mind 324 Part V: Group Processes 346 15. Reinvent Yourself: Labile Psychosocial Identity and the Lifestyle Marketplace 348 16. Indoctrination and Group Evolutionary Strategies: The Case of Judaism 368 17. Genetic Similarity Theory, Ethnocentrism, and Group Selection 392 18. Ethnocentrism vs. Pragmatism in the Conduct of Human Affairs 412 Part VI: Institutional Mechanisms 430 19. Ideology, Indoctrination, and Noncognitive Foundations of Belief in Legitimacy: A Biobehavioral Analysis of Legitimate Violent Social Action 432 20. Indoctrination As Institutionalized Persuasion: Its Limited Variability and Cross-Cultural Evolution 444 21. On the Evolution of Political Communities: The Paradox of Eastern and Western Europe in the 1980s 476 Index of Persons 502 Subject Index 510