شخصیت‌سازی و هویت در فلسفه مدرن اولیه: از دکارت تا کانت

Philosophy in the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries has traditionally been characterized as being primarily concerned with epistemological issues. This book is not intended to overturn this characterization but rather to balance it through an examination of equally important metaphysical, or ontological, positions held, explicitly or implicitly, by philosophers in this period.Major philosophers whose views are discussed in this book include Descartes, Malebranche, Spinoza, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Leibniz, Wolff, and Kant. In addition, the contributors of minor Cartesians, especially Regis and Desgabets, are analyzed in a separate chapter. Although the views of early modern philosophers on individuation and identity have been discussed before, these discussions have usually been treated as asides in a larger context. This book is the first to concentrate on the problems of individuation and identity in early modern philosophy and to trace their philosophical development through the period in a coherent way.Jorge J. E. Gracia is Professor of Philosophy, State University of New York at Buffalo. He is the author of Individuality: An Essay on the Foundations of Metaphysics and Philosophy and Its History: Issues in Philosophical Historiography; editor of Individuation in Scholasticism: The Later Middle Ages and the Counter-Reformation, 1150-1650; and co-editor of Philosophy and Literature in Latin America: A Critical Assessment of the Current Situation, all published by SUNY Press. Philosophy In The Sixteenth Through Eighteenth Centuries Has Traditionally Been Characterized As Being Primarily Concerned With Epistemological Issues. This Book Is Not Intended To Overturn This Characterization But Rather To Balance It Through An Examination Of Equally Important Metaphysical, Or Ontological, Positions Held, Explicitly Or Implicitly, By Philosophers In This Period. Major Philosophers Whose Views Are Discussed In This Book Include Descartes, Malebranche, Spinoza, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Leibniz, Wolff, And Kant. In Addition, The Contributors Of Minor Cartesians, Especially Regis And Desgabets, Are Analyzed In A Separate Chapter. Although The Views Of Early Modern Philosophers On Individuation And Identity Have Been Discussed Before, These Discussions Have Usually Been Treated As Asides In A Larger Context. This Book Is The First To Concentrate On The Problems Of Individuation And Identity In Early Modern Philosophy And To Trace Their Philosophical Development Through The Period In A Coherent Way. The Problem Of Individuation Among The Cartesians / Thomas M. Lennon -- Descartes And The Individuation Of Physical Objects / Emily Grosholz -- Malebranche And The Individuation Of Perceptual Objects / Daisie Radner -- Spinoza's Theory Of Metaphysical Individuation / Don Garrett -- Locke On Identity : The Scheme Of Simple And Compounded Things / Martha Brandt Bolton -- Berkeley, Individuation, And Physical Objects / Daniel Flage -- Substance And Self In Locke And Hume / Fred Wilson -- Leibniz's Principle Of Individuation In His Disputatio Metaphysica De Principio Individui Of 1663 / Laurence B. Mccullough -- Christian Wolff On Individuation / Jorge J.e. Gracia -- Substance And Phenomenal Substance : Kant's Individuation Of Things In Themselves And Appearances / Michael Radner. Kenneth F. Barber And Jorge J.e. Gracia, Editors. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Cover ......Page 1 Contents......Page 4 Substance and Phenomenal Substance:Kant's Individuation of Things in Themselves and Appearances......Page 252 Introduction......Page 8 The Problem of Individuation among the Cartesians......Page 20 Descartes and the Individuation Of Physical Objects......Page 48 Malebranche and the Individuation of Perceptual Objects......Page 66 Spinoza's Theory of Metaphysical Individuation......Page 80 Locke on Identity:The Scheme of Simpleand Compounded Things......Page 110 Berkeley, Individuation, and Physical Objects......Page 140 Substance and Self in Locke and Hume......Page 162 Leibniz's Principle of Individuation in His Disputatio metaphysica de principio individui of 1663......Page 208 Christian Wolff on Individuation......Page 226 Notes on Contributors......Page 274 Index of Proper Names......Page 278